BOSTON
PUBLIC
LIBRARY
U.S. Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
PB99- 127821
1997 '
Statistical Yearbook
of the
Immigration and
Naturalization
Service
M-367
U.S. Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
1997
Statistical Yearbook
of the
Immigration and
Naturalization
Service
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY —
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS DeBStMENT
[
JUL 1 3 2000
Issued October 1999
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE
October 1999
Copies of each Statistical Yearbook from 1965 to 1997 (entitled Annual Report prior to 1978) can be purchased
from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Phone:
1-800-553-6847. The NTIS order number for this report is PB 99-127821.
The Statistical Yearbook is available on the Statistics Page of the Immigration and Naturalization Service Internet
Website: http://www.ins.usdoj.gov/graphics/aboutins/statistics/index.html
Library of Congress
National Serials Program
International Standard Serial number:
(ISSN) 0743-538X
Suggested Citation
U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration
and Naturalization Service, 1997, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C., 1999
1997 Statistical Yearbook
of the Immigration and
Naturalization
Service
Contents
General Information Page
Notice of Special Geographic Definitions 10
Introduction 12
I. Immigrants 14
U.S. Immigration Program 14
Worldwide immigration subject to numerical limits 14
Preference immigrants 14
Diversity Program 16
Immigration exempt from worldwide numerical limits 16
Data Overview 16
Higiilights 16
Pending adjustment of status applications 16
Carryover provisions of immigration law 18
Demographic characteristics of legal immigrants 20
Class of admission 20
Region and country of birth 20
State and metropolitan area of intended residence 21
Age, gender, and occupation 21
Understanding the Data 22
Data Collection 22
Limitations of Data 22
n. Refugees 70
U.S. Refugee Program 70
Admission ceilings 70
Criteria for refugee status 71
Special program for applicants from the former Soviet Union 71
Data Overview 72
Applications 72
Approvals 73
Dependents 73
Arrivals 73
Adjustments to permanent resident status 73
Understanding the Data 74
Data Collection 74
Limitations of Data 74
in. Asylees 75
U.S. Asylum Program 75
Filing of claims 75
Adjudication of claims 75
Data Overview 76
Trends in asylum applications 76
Cases filed 76
General Information — Continued
Page
Cases completed 77
Coercive population-control procedures 77
Adjustment to permanent resident status 77
Understanding the Data 78
Data Collection 78
Limitations of Data 78
IV. Temporarj' Admissions 101
Nonimmigrants 101
U.S. Nonimmigrant Program 101
Nonimmigrant categories 102
Admission policy 103
Employment, family members 103
Visa Waiver Pilot Program 103
Guam Visa Waiver Pilot Program 104
North American Free-Trade Agreement 104
Data Overview 104
Recent trends in admission 104
Class of admission 104
Country of citizenship 104
Port of entry 106
Month of admission 106
Parolees 106
Authority to grant parole 106
U.S. Parole Program 107
Categories of parole 107
Country of citizenship 107
Country of citizenship for humanitarian parole 108
Understanding the Data 108
Data Collection 108
Other temporary visitors 109
Temporary visitor information not collected 109
Limitations of Data 110
Missing information HI
V. Naturalizations 134
U.S. Naturalization Program 134
Data Overview I34
Region and country of birth I35
Immigration Reform and Control Act 136
Years in immigrant status 136
Understanding the Data 137
Data Collection 137
Limitations of Data 137
Naturalization Rates 138
Data Overview 138
Limitations of Linked-Records Method 140
VI. Enforcement 163
Enforcement of Immigration Laws 163
Border Patrol 163
Investigations Program 153
Removals 163
Voluntary departure 164
General Information — Continued
Page
Data Overview: Apprehensions 164
Southwest border apprehensions 165
Border Operations 165
Nationality 165
Data Overview: Investigations 165
Criminal 165
Worksite enforcement 165
Fraud investigations 166
Anti-smuggling activities 166
Data Overview: Removals 166
Withdrawal 166
Voluntary departure 166
Formal removal 166
Country of citizenship 167
Criminal activity 167
Administrative reason for removal 167
Immigration status at entry to the United States 167
Aliens removed from the interior 167
Gender and age 168
Understanding the Data 168
Data Collection 168
Apprehension and voluntary departure 168
Voluntary departure (interior) 168
Individuals removed 168
Other data 168
Limitations of Data 168
Case tracking 168
Time lags in data entry 168
Changes in definitions 169
Tracking systems for worksite 169
VII. Estimates 198
Emigration 198
Illegal Immigrants 199
Data Overview 199
National estimates 200
State of residence 200
Country of origin 201
Estimation Procedure 201
Methodology 201
Primary sets of data 201
Construction of the estimates 202
Estimates by state of residence 202
Limitations of Data 202
Inspections 203
Charts, Text Tables
Charts
A. Immigrants admitted by region of birth: selected fiscal years 1955-97 13
B. Immigrants admitted to the United States from top five countries of last residence: 1821 to 1997 15
C. Immigrants admitted: fiscal years 1900-97 17
4
Charts — Continued
Page
D. Immigrants admitted by admission category: fiscal years 1988-97 18
E. Percent age and sex distribution of U.S. population and immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1997 22
F. Refugee and asylee initial admissions and adjustments to lawful permanent resident status: fiscal years 1946-97. 71
G. Asylum applications filed with the INS: fiscal years 1973-97 76
H. Nonimmigrants admitted by region of last residence: selected fiscal years 1955-96 101
I. Nonimmigrants admitted: fiscal years 1975-96 104
J. Nonimmigrants admitted as temporary workers, intracompany transferees, and exchange visitors from top
twenty countries of citizenship: fiscal year 1996 105
K. Nonimmigrants admitted as students and their families for top ten countries of citizenship: fiscal year 1996 106
L. Nonimmigrants admitted by selected class of admission from top ten countries of citizenship: fiscal year 1996 .. 107
M. Nonimmigrants admitted by month and selected class of admission: calendar years 1993-96 108
N. Persons naturalized: fiscal years 1908-97 I35
0. Persons naturalized by decade and selected region of birth: fiscal years 1961-97 136
P Cumulative naturalization rates through fiscal year 1997 of immigrants admitted in fiscal years 1977 and 1982 .. 138
Q. Years between immigration and naturalization of immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1977 and 1982 139
R. Aliens apprehended: fiscal years 1951-97 164
Text Tables
A. Immigrantsadmittedby major category of admission: fiscal years 1995-97 19
B. Percent of immigrants admitted by region and period: fiscal years 1955-97 20
C. Immigrants admitted from top twenty countries of birth: fiscal years 1996-97 21
D. Refugee status applications filed and approved, and refugees admitted, by selected nationality: fiscal year 1997 . 72
E. Asylum applications filed with the INS by Central Americans: fiscal years 1991-97 77
F. Nonimmigrants admitted under the Visa Waiver Pilot Program by country of citizenship: fiscal years 1995-96 102
G. Parolees admitted by selected class of admission from top five countries of citizenship: fiscal years 1992-96 109
H. Parolees admitted by selected category of humanitarian parole from selected countries of citizenship:
fiscal years 1992-96 HO
1. Median years of residence by year of naturalization and region of birth: selected fiscal years 1965-97 137
J. Naturalization rates through fiscal year 1997 of immigrants admitted in fiscal years 1977 and 1982 by year 139
K. Naturalization rates through fiscal year 1997 of immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1977 by selected country
of birth J 40
L. Naturalization rates through fiscal year 1997 of immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1982 by selected country
of birth J41
M. Immigration and emigration by decade: 1901-90 198
N. Estimated illegal immigrant population for top twenty countries of origin and top twenty states of residence: October 1996 .. 200
5
Detailed Tables
Immigrants
Page
1. Immigration to the United States: fiscal years 1820-1997 23
2. Immigration by region and selected country of last residence: fiscal years 1820-1997 24
3. Immigrants admitted by region and country of birth: fiscal years 1987-97 28
4. Immigrants admitted by type and selected class of admission: fiscal years 1990-97 32
5. Immigrants admitted by region of birth and type and class of admission: fiscal year 1997 33
6. Immigrants admitted by class of admission and region and selected foreign state of chargeability under
the preference categories: fiscal year 1997 40
7. Immigrants admitted by type of admission and region and selected country of birth: fiscal year 1997 42
8. Immigrants admitted by selected class of admission and region and selected country of birth: fiscal year 1997 ... 44
9. Immigrants admitted by selected class of admission and region and selected country of last permanent residence:
fiscal year 1997 46
10. Immigrants admitted who were adjusted to permanent resident status by selected status at entry and region and
selected country of birth: fiscal year 1997 48
11. Immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1997, by calendar year of entry, type of admission, and region and selected
country of birth 50
12. Immigrants admitted by age and sex: fiscal years 1987-97 52
13. Immigrants admitted by selected country of birth, age, and sex: fiscal year 1997 53
14. Immigrants admitted by marital status, age, and sex: fiscal year 1997 56
15. Immigrant-orphans adopted by U.S. citizens by sex, age, and region and selected country of birth:
fiscal year 1997 57
16. Immigrant new arrivals admitted by selected port of entry and region and selected country of birth:
fiscal year 1997 58
17. Immigrants admitted by selected country of birth and state of intended residence: fiscal year 1997 60
18. Immigrants admitted by state of intended residence: fiscal years 1989-97 63
19. Immigrants admitted by selected country of birth and selected metropolitan statistical area of intended residence:
fiscal year 1997 64
20. Immigrant beneficiaries of occupational preferences admitted by type of admission and occupation:
fiscal year 1997 67
21. Immigrants admitted by major occupation group and region and selected country of birth: fiscal year 1997 68
Tables — Continued
Refugees, Asylees
Page
22. Refugee-status applications: fiscal years 1980-97 80
23. Refugee-status applications by geographic area and selected country of chargeability: fiscal year 1997 81
24. Refugee approvals and arrivals by geographic area of chargeability: fiscal years 1990-97 82
25. Refugee arrivals into the United States by selected country of chargeability: fiscal years 1991-97 83
26. Refugees granted lawful permanent resident status in fiscal year 1997 by calendar year of entry and region and
selected country of birth 84
27. Asylum cases filed with INS District Directors and Asylum Officers: fiscal years 1973-97 85
28. Number of individuals granted asylum by INS District Directors and Asylum Officers by selected nationality:
fiscal years 1991-97 86
29. Asylum cases filed with INS Asylum Officers by selected nationality: fiscal year 1997 88
30. Asylum cases filed with INS Asylum Officers by asylum office and state of residence: fiscal year 1997 90
31. Refugees and asylees granted lawful permanent resident status by enactment: fiscal years 1946-97 92
32. Refugees and asylees granted lawful permanent resident status by region and selected country of birth: fiscal
years 1946-97 93
33. Refugees and asylees granted lawful permanent resident status by age and sex: fiscal years 1990-97 94
34. Refugees and asylees granted lawful permanent resident status by region and selected country of birth: fiscal
years 1988-97 95
35. Refugees and asylees granted lawful permanent resident status by selected country of birth and selected
metropolitan statistical area of residence: fiscal year 1997 98
36. Refugees and asylees granted lawful permanent resident status by state of residence: fiscal years 1988-97 100
Temporary Admissions
37. Nonimmigrants admitted by selected class of admission and region and selected country of last residence:
selected fiscal years 1981-96 112
38. Nonimmigrants admitted by selected class of admission and region and selected country of citizenship: fiscal
year 1996 114
39. Nonimmigrants admitted by class of admission: selected fiscal years 1981-96 118
40. Nonimmigrants admitted as temporary workers, exchange visitors, and intracompany transferees by region and
selected country of citizenship: fiscal year 1996 120
41. Nonimmigrants admitted by selected port of entry and region and selected country of citizenship:
fiscal year 1996 126
42. Nonimmigrants admitted by age and region and selected country of citizenship: fiscal year 1996 130
43. Nonimmigrants admitted by selected class of admission and state of intended residence: fiscal year 1996 132
Tables — Continued
Naturalizations
Page
44. Petitions for naturalizations filed, persons naturalized, and petitions for naturalizations denied: fiscal
years 1907-97 142
45. Persons naturalized by general and special naturalization provisions: fiscal years 1992-97 143
46. Persons naturalized by selected naturalization provisions and region and selected country of former allegiance:
fiscal year 1997 144
47. Persons naturalized by region and country of former allegiance: fiscal years 1988-97 146
48. Persons naturalized by sex, marital status, and major occupation group: fiscal years 1992-97 150
49. Persons naturalized by state of residence: fiscal years 1988-97 151
50. Persons naturalized by selected country of former allegiance and state of residence: fiscal year 1997 152
5 1 . Persons naturalized by selected country of former allegiance and selected metropolitan statistical area of
residence: fiscal year 1997 154
52. Persons naturalized by major occupation group and region and selected country of former allegiance:
fiscal year 1997 156
53. Persons naturalized in fiscal year 1997 by calendar year of entry and region and selected country of birth 158
54. Persons naturalized by selected country of former allegiance, age, and sex: fiscal year 1997 160
55. Persons naturalized by age and sex: fiscal years 1988-97 162
Enforcement
56. Deportable aliens located: fiscal years 1892-1997 171
57. Deportable aliens located by status at entry and region and selected country of nationality: fiscal year 1997 172
58. Deportable aliens located by Program and Border Patrol Sector: fiscal years 1991-97 173
59. Principal activities and accomplishments of the Border Patrol: fiscal years 1991-97 174
60. Principal activities and accomplishments of the INS investigations program: fiscal years 1991-97 175
61 Aliens expelled: fiscal years 1892-1997 176
62. Aliens expelled by Region and District Office: fiscal year 1997 177
63. Aliens removed by administrative reason for removal: fiscal years 1991-97 178
64. Aliens removed by type of removal and region and selected country of nationality: fiscal year 1997 179
65. Aliens removed by criminal status and region and selected country of nationality: fiscal years 1993-97 180
66. Aliens excluded by administrative reason for exclusion: fiscal years 1892-1990 186
67. Aliens deported by administrative reason for removal: fiscal years 1908-80 187
68. Aliens deported by administrative reason for removal: fiscal years 1981-90 187
Tables — Continued
Enforcement
Page
69. Aliens under docket control required to depart by crinunal status and region and selected country of
nationality: fiscal years 1993-97 188
70. Service participation in the control of marijuana, narcotics, and dangerous drug traffic: fiscal years 1986-97 194
Litigation, Legal Activity
71. Prosecutions, fines, and imprisonment for immigration and nationality violations: fiscal years 1991-97 195
72. Convictions for immigration and nationality violations: fiscal years 1991-97 195
73. Writs of habeas corpus, judicial review of orders of deportation, and declaratory judgements in exclusion and
deportation cases: fiscal years 1991-97 196
Legislation
74. Private immigration and nationality bills introduced and laws enacted: 77th through 105th Congress 197
Appendixes
1. Immigration and Naturalization Legislation A.1-1
2. Immigration Limits: Fiscal Year 1997 A.2-2
3. Glossary A.3-2
4. Data Sources A.4-1
5. Table Genealogy A.5-2
NOTICE OF SPECIAL
GEOGRAPHIC DEFINITIONS
Changes in the political and geographical definitions of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, and Ethiopia
have led to inconsistencies in the reporting of data. Information for these republics and the independent states
emerging from them are presented in this edition of the INS Statistical Yearbook as follows:
Soviet Union — On January 1, 1992, the United States formally recognized 12 independent republics within the
former Soviet Union: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Georgia; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Moldova; Russia; Tajikistan;
Turkmenistan; Ukraine; and Uzbekistan. The Soviet Union has officially dissolved as an independent state.
Nationality codes have been established for the independent republics in the various E^S data bases. However, a code
has been retained for the Soviet Union because, while data for fiscal years 1992-97 are generally available for the
separate republics, they are not available for all data series. In these cases, data are aggregated and presented for the
former Soviet Union and for available republics.
Yugoslavia — On April 7, 1992, the United States formally recognized three independent states within the Socialist
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia. On February 9, 1994, Macedonia was
recognized as an independent state. Montenegro and Serbia have asserted the formation of a joint independent state, but
this entity has not been formally recognized as a state by the United States. In the view of the United States, the
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has officially dissolved and no successor state represents its continuation.
However, for purposes of statistical reporting, Yugoslavia will be shown to include the four independent states, as well
as Montenegro and Serbia, unless otherwise indicated. Nationality codes have been established for the four independent
states in the various INS data bases. However, a code has been retained for Yugoslavia because, while data for fiscal
years 1993-97 are generally available for the separate states, they are not available for all data series. In these cases,
data are aggregated and presented for the former Yugoslavia and for available independent states.
Czechoslovakia — On January 1, 1993, the United States formally recognized two independent republics within the
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (CSFR, or Czechoslovakia): the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic (Slovakia).
Czechoslovakia has officially dissolved as an independent republic; however, for purposes of statistical reporting, it
will be shown to include the two independent republics unless otherwise indicated. Nationality codes have been
established for the two independent republics in the various INS data bases. However, a code has been retained for
Czechoslovakia because, while data for fiscal years 1 994-97 are generally available for the separate republics, they are
not available for all data series. In these cases, data are aggregated and presented for the former Czechoslovakia and for
available independent republics.
Ethiopia / Eritrea — On April 27, 1993, the United States formally recognized Eritrea as a sovereign country,
independent of Ethiopia. Data for Ethiopia exclude Eritrea unless otherwise indicated.
10
Name changes for the following countries are reflected in this edition of the INS Statistical Yearbook:
Zaire — On May 30, 1997, Zaire was formally recognized as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This country is
shown as Congo, Democratic Republic.
Congo — The conventional long form name for the Congo is the Republic of the Congo. With the change of Zaire to
the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the long form names are used for both countries. Congo is shown as Congo,
Republic.
Hong Kong — On December 19, 1984, the United Kingdom and China signed a joint declaration on the question of
sovereignty over Hong Kong. Under that declaration, China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong on
July 1, 1997. Since the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government enjoys a high degree of political and
economic autonomy. Hong Kong continues to be shown separately.
Western Samoa — On August 4, 1997, Western Samoa was formally recognized as Samoa. This country is shown as
Samoa.
In addition, there are known cross-reporting problems for certain pairs of countries with similar names or historical
associations. These pairs of countries are: the People's Republic of China and Taiwan; the Dominican Republic and
Dominica; Nigeria and Niger; Australia and Austria; Netherlands and Netherlands Antilles; and Mauritania and
Mauritius. For each pair, persons from one country may be reported as being from the other country.
11
INTRODUCTION
This edition of the Yearbook provides immigration data for
1997 along with related historical information. The major areas
covered include: immigrants admitted for legal permanent
residence; refugees approved and admitted; asylee cases filed
and approved; nonimmigrant admissions {e.g., tourists,
students, etc.) — available only for 1996; aliens naturalized; and
deportable aliens located and removed.
The statistics for 1997 reflect decreases in several areas:
immigration; refugee arrivals; asylum cases received; persons
naturalized; and deportable aliens located.
Highlights for 1997 include:
* Legal immigration in 1997 (798,378) was lower than
in 1996 (915,900) due primarily to an increase in
pending adjustment of status applications.
* Thirty-nine percent of all immigrants were bom in
North America (18 percent in Mexico) and
33 percent were bom in Asia.
* More than two-thirds of all immigrants intended to
reside in six states: California, New York, Florida,
Texas, New Jersey, and Illinois.
* More than one of five immigrants intended to reside in
New York City or Los Angeles.
* The republics of the former Soviet Union surpassed
all other countries for refugee arrivals with 27,072
(39.1 percent); Bosnia-Herzegovina accounted for
21,357 (30.8 percent).
Naturalizations decreased to less than 600,000 in 1997 due to an increase in applications
pending a decision.
Thirty-nine percent of persons naturalizing during the 1991-97 period were bom in Asia and
38 percent were bom in North America.
California showed the highest number of naturalizations in 1997, with 187,432 (31.3 percent);
New York was second with 95,595 (16.0 percent). The New York City and Los Angeles-Long
Beach metropolitan areas accounted for more than a quarter of the total.
The number of deportable aliens located decreased to 1.5 million — nearly 7 percent fewer
than for 1996.
More than 51,000 criminal aliens were removed during 1997; Mexico lead all countries of
nationality, with more than 39,000 (76.5 percent).
12
Chart A. Immigrants Admitted by Region of Birth;
Selected Fiscal Years 1955-97
Thousands
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
I I North America
Asia
^ Europe
Kj South America
1 Other
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1997
Source: 1980-97, Table 3; 1955-75, previous yfearioofcs. See Glossa.7 for fiscal year definitions.
13
I. IMMIGRANTS
This section presents information on the number and characteristics of persons
who come to the United States for permanent residence, including
persons arriving with that status and those adjusting
to permanent residence status after entry.
/mmigrants, as defined by U.S. immigration law, are
persons lawfully admitted for permanent residence
in the United States. Other terms used in INS reports to
refer to immigrants include: aliens who are granted legal
permanent residence; aliens admitted for legal permanent
residence; immigrants admitted; and admissions. (See
Appendix 3.)
Aliens wishing to become legal iimnigrants follow one of
two paths depending on their residence at the time of
application. Aliens living abroad apply for an immigrant
visa at a consular office of the Department of State. Once
issued a visa, they may enter the United States and become
legal immigrants when they pass through the port of entry.
Aliens already living in the United States, including
certain undocumented immigrants, temporary workers,
foreign students, and refugees, file an application for
adjustment of status (to legal permanent residence) with
INS. At the time they apply for adjustment of status, they
may also apply for work permits. Adjustment of status
applicants are granted legal permanent residence at the
time their applications are approved. New legal
immigrants are automatically authorized to work and
should receive alien registration cards ("green cards") soon
after becoming legal permanent residents.
U.S. Immigration Program
U.S. law gives preferential immigration status to persons
with a close family relationship with a U.S. citizen or legal
permanent resident, persons with needed job skills, or
persons who qualify as refugees. Immigrants in other
categories usually account for relatively few admissions.
An exception occurred during 1989-92 when over 2.6
million former illegal aliens gained permanent resident
status through the legalization provisions of the
Immigration and Reform and Control Act (IRC A) of 1986
(see Appendix 1, p. A. 1-19).
Worldwide immigration subject to numerical
limits
The Immigration Act of 1990 (see Appendix 1, p. A. 1-20)
specified a worldwide level of immigration for certain
categories of immigrants with an annual limit that could
range between 421,000 and 675,000 depending on
admissions in the previous year. These categories and their
limits (in parentheses) include family-sponsored
preferences (226,000 to 480,000), employment-based
preferences (140,000) and diversity immigrants (55,000).
The family preference limit is equal to the larger of either
226,000 or a calculation consisting of 480,000 minus the
previous year's total of immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
and two numerically small categories of children plus any
unused employment preferences from the previous year
(see Appendix 2). The employment preference limit can
be higher than 140,000 if family preferences go unused in
the previous year.
Other categories of immigrants, for example, asylees, are
also subject to some form of numerical or time bound
limitation. However, these categories typically involve
small numbers of aliens and are covered under other
sections of immigration law.
Preference immigrants
Family sponsored preferences consist of four categories:
unmarried sons and daughters of U.S. citizens and their
children; spouses, children, and unmarried sons and
daughters of legal permanent residents; married sons and
daughters of U.S. citizens and their spouses and children;
and brothers and sisters, including spouses and children, of
U.S. citizens ages 21 and over. The employment-based
preferences consist of five categories: priority workers;
professionals with advanced degrees or aliens of
exceptional ability; skilled workers, professionals (without
advanced degrees), and needed unskilled workers; special
immigrants (e.g., ministers, religious workers, and
employees of the U.S. government abroad); and
employment creation immigrants or "investors". Spouses
and children are also included in the employment
preference limit. The 1997 limits are shown in Appendix 2.
The Department of State is responsible for determining the
annual limits and visa allocation for preference
immigration. A per-country limit is also calculated
annually and is limited to 7 percent of the annual total; the
limit for dependent areas is 2 percent of the annual total.
The maximum number of visas allowed under the
14
Chart B. Immigrants Admitted to the United States from the
Top Five Countries of Last Residence: 1821 to 1997
Thousands
16,000
14,000 -
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
Gennany
United
Kingdom
Ireland
Canada
Italy
Austria/
Hungary
Mexico
Mexico
Canada
Cuba
Philip-
pines
Philippines
China '
United
Kingdom
Dominican
Republic
Other
India
Includes People's Republic of China and Taiwan. ^ Seventeen-year period. Source: Table 2. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
15
preference system in 1997 was 366,000—226,000 for
family-sponsored immigrants and 140,000 for
employment-based immigrants. Within these overall
limits, no more than 25,620 preference visas could be
issued to persons bom in any independent country and no
more than 7,320 to natives of a dependent area.
Diversity Program
A total of 55,000 visas are available annually to nationals
of certain countries under the Diversity Program.
Nationals of countries with more than 50,000 numerically
limited admissions during the preceding 5 years are
excluded from participating in the Diversity Program.
Each of the eligible countries is assigned to one of 6
regions and limits are determined by the INS for each
region. The limits are calculated annually using a formula
based on immigrant admissions during the preceding 5
years and the population total of the region. The
maximum visa limit per country is 3,850.
Immigration exempt from worldwide numerical
limits
Immigration usually totals much more than the annual
worldwide limit for preference and diversity immigrants
because some major categories are exempt from the limits.
These categories include:
♦ Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens;
♦ Refugee and asylee adjustments;
♦ Certain parolees from the Soviet Union and
Indochina;
♦ Suspension of deportation, which for the most part,
was replaced by cancellation of removal during
1997; and
♦ Aliens who applied for adjustment of status after
having unlawfully resided in the United States since
January 1, 1982 and certain special agricultural
workers. (The application period ended on
November 30, 1988; most recipients of this status
gained permanent resident status in fiscal years
1989-92.)
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens are not subject to any
numerical limitation. This has been the single largest
category of immigrants since 1986 excluding aliens
granted legal permanent residence under IRCA.
Refugees are eligible to adjust to legal permanent residence
after 1 year of residence in the U.S. without regard to
numerical limit. The number of aliens admitted as refugees
to the U.S. each year, however, is established by the
President in consultation with Congress (see Refugee
section). Recent ceilings on refugee admissions were
1 12,000 in 1995, 90,000 in 1996, and 78,000 in 1997.
Asylees also must wait 1 year after they are granted
asylum to apply for legal permanent residence. Until
1992, there was a limit of 5,000 adjustments per year. The
Immigration Act of 1990 increased the limit to 10,000.
Data Overview
The number of immigrants admitted for legal permanent
residence in the United States in 1997 was 798,378 (see
Chart C). Included in this total were 380,719 aliens
previously living abroad who obtained immigrant visas
through the U.S. Department of State (DOS) and became
legal permanent residents upon entry into the United
States. The remaining 417,659 legal immigrants, including
former undocumented immigrants, refugees and asylees,
had been living in the United States an average of tlu^ee
years and adjusted status through the INS. Not included in
1997 legal immigration figures are aliens whose
adjustment of status applications were pending a decision
at INS at the end of the year (see Pending Adjustment of
Status Applications section).
Nearly 800,000 immigrants were
granted legal permanent resident
status during 1997.
Highlights
♦ The number of aliens granted legal permanent
residence was 13 percent lower in 1997 (798,378)
than in 1996 (915,900). The decrease was due
primarily to an increase in the number of adjustment
of status applications pending a decision, not to a
decline in the demand to immigrate.
♦ A reduction in the family preference limit from
311,819 to 226,000 also contributed to the decline in
legal immigration between 1996 and 1997. The
1996 limit was unusually high because of increases
in adjustment of status applications pending a
decision in 1995 and the operation of the carryover
provisions of immigration law.
♦ Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens increased both
in number (from 302,090 to 322,440) and as a
proportion of all immigrants (from 33.0 percent to
40.4 percent). There were few other major changes
in the demographic composition of legal immigrants
from 1996 to 1997.
Pending adjustment of status applications
Legal immigration during 1997, as well as in 1995 and
1996, was affected by an increase in adjustment of status
16
Chart C
Immigrants Admitted: Fiscal Years 1900-97
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990 1997
Source: Table 1. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
applications pending a decision at INS. Prior to 1995,
applications pending had averaged about 120,000 each
year. With the implementation of the Section 245(i)
provision of immigration law in 1995, however,
applications pending jumped to 321,000. They continued
to increase and reached 699,000 by the end of 1997.
Section 245(i) allowed illegal aliens who were living in
the United States and eligible for legal permanent
residence to pay a penalty fee and apply for adjustment of
status at an INS office.
Previously, most illegal aliens were required to leave the
country and obtain a visa abroad from the DOS. With
Section 245(i) in effect, the immigrant application
workload shifted toward INS. Adjustment of status
applications received by INS nearly doubled between 1 994
and 1995 and continued to increase in 1996 and 1997.
However, the number of applications approved failed to
keep pace with the number received, thereby increasing the
pending caseload.
It is difficult to estimate how much higher legal
immigration would have been during 1995-97 had
adjustment of status applications pending not increased.
The total increase in pending applications between the end
of 1994 (121,000) and the end of 1997 (699,000) was
578,000. The potential increase in legal immigration
depends on factors including the date of application, the
class of admission, and whether or not the application is
approved. This information is not available in automated
form for pending applicants. INS considers estimates for
the individual years too imprecise. However, for the entire
three-year period, 1995-97, it is estimated that
approximately 350,000-450,000 out of the total 578,000
increase in pending caseload would have been included in
the legal immigration numbers.
The upper bound estimate of 450,000 is based on the
assumption that about 7 percent of applications would
have been denied (the historical denial rate) and that 15
percent were family preference applicants (the proportion
of all adjustment of status legal immigrants during 1995-
97), norle of whom contributed to the increase in pending
caseload. Family preference adjustment of status
applications pending do not necessarily decrease legal
immigration because the DOS, which regulates
immigration under the preference system to match the
annual limits as closely as possible, compensates by
17
Chart D
Immigrants Admitted by Admission Category: Fiscal Years 1988-97
Thousands
1800 -1
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Source: Table 4.
issuing visas to aliens abroad on a waiting list of
applicants. The lower bound estimate of 350,000 takes
into account the increase in the family preference limit in
1996 attributable to pending adjustment of status
applications in 1995 (see Carryover Provisions section
below).
These calculations suggest that legal immigration during
1995-97 would have been about 120,000-150,000 higher
on average per year without any increase in the pending
caseload beyond the pre-Section 245(i) level. However,
the average conceals some known sources of annual
variation. Pending adjustment of status applications
increased more during year 1995 and year 1997 than 1996
when the increase in the family preference limit offset
most of the loss from pending applications. Without
pending adjustment of status applications, legal
immigration in 1995 and 1997 might have been much
higher and immigration in 1996 marginally so, if higher at
all. As a result, the annual trend in legal immigration
during this period might have been one of modest or small
increases rather than the fluctuations shown in the official
statistics (804,416 in 1994; 720,461 in 1995; 915,900 in
1996; and 798,378 in 1997).
Carryover provisions of immigration law
The annual limits on family and employment preferences
may lluctuatc from year to year because the previous year's
total of preference immigrants, immediate relatives of U.S.
citizens, and other small categories of immigrants affects
the current year's limits (see Appendix 2). In 1996, the
family preference limit was set at 31 1,819 because in 1995,
the number of immediate relatives of U.S. citizens and
employment preferences was much lower than expected
due to increases in adjustment of status applications
pending a decision. In 1997, the family preference limit
18
Table A
Immigrants Admitted by Major Category of Admission: Fiscal Years 1995-97
Category of admission
1997 1996 1995
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Ail categories 798^78 100.0 915,900 100.0 720,461 100.0
New arrivals 380,719 47.7 421,405 46.0 380,291 52.8
Adjustments of status 417,659 52.3 494,495 54.0 340,170 47.2
Categories related to world-wide numerical
limits ' 675,816 84.6 772,737 84.4 593,234 82.3
Family-sponsored immigrants 535,771 67.1 596,264 65.1 460,376 63.9
Family-sponsored preferences 213,331 26.7 294,174 32.1 238,122 33.1
Unmarried sons/daughters of U.S.
citizens 22,536 2.8 20,909 2.3 15,182 2.1
Spouses and children of alien residents 113,681 14.2 182,834 20.0 144,535 20.1
Married sons/daughters of U.S. citizens 21,943 2.7 25,452 2.8 20,876 2.9
Siblings of U.S. citizens 55,171 6.9 64,979 7.1 57,529 8.0
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens' 322,440 40.4 302,090 33.0 222,254 30.8
Spouses 170,263 21.3 169,760 18.5 123,238 17.1
Parents 74,114 9.3 66,699 7.3 48,382 6.7
Children 76,631 9.6 63,971 7.0 48,740 6.8
Children bom abroad to alien residents 1,432 .2 1,660 .2 1,894 .3
Legalization dependents 64 Z 184 Z 277 Z
Employment-based preferences 90,607 11.3 117,499 12.8 85,336 11.8
Priority workers 21,810 2.7 27,501 3.0 17,339 2.4
Professionals with advanced degree or of
exceptional ability 17,059 2.1 18,462 2.0 10,475 1.5
Skilled, professionals, unskilled 42,596 5.3 62,756 6.9 50,245 7.0
Chinese Student Protection Act 142 Z 401 Z 4,213 .6
Needed unskilled workers 8,702 1.1 11,849 1.3 7,884 1.1
Other skilled workers, professionals 33,752 4.2 50,506 5.5 38,148 5.3
Special immigrants 7,781 1.0 7,844 .9 6,737 .9
Investors 1,361 .2 936 .1 540 .1
Diversity programs 49,374 6.2 58,790 6.4 47,245 6.6
Permanent 49,360 6.2 58,245 6.4 40,301 5.6
Transition 14 Z 545 .1 6,944 1.0
Other categories 122,562 15.4 143,163 15.6 127,227 17.7
Amerasians 738 .1 956 .1 939 .1
Parolees, Soviet and Indochinese 1,844 .2 2,269 .2 3,086 .4
Refugees and asylees 112,158 14.0 128,565 14.0 114,664 15.9
Refugee adjustments 102,052 12.8 118,528 12.9 106,827 14.8
Asylee adjustments 10,106 1.3 10,037 1.1 7,837 1.1
Suspension of deportation ' 4,628 .6 5,812 .6 3,168 .4
Total, IRCA legalization 2,548 3 4,635 .5 4,267 .6
Residents since 1982 1,439 .2 3,286 .4 3,124 .4
Special Agricultural Workers 1,109 .1 1,349 .1 1,143 .2
Other 646 .1 926 .1 1,103 .2
' Includes family-sponsored preferences, legalization dependents, employment-based preferences, and diversity programs. ' May enter without
limitation; the number admitted may afTect the limit on family-sponsored preference immigrants in the following year. ' Became cancellation of removal
effective April 1, 1997 with the implementation of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (see Appendix 1, p. A. 1-2.3).
Z Rounds to less than .05 percent.
19
was lowered to 226,000 because the large number of
immediate relative immigrants in 1996 offset the unused
employment preferences that year by more than 254,000.
Demographic characteristics of legal immigrants
Adjustment of status applications pending also may have
affected the demographic composition of the legal
immigrant population admitted in 1997. As a result,
caution should be exercised in drawing inferences about
recent trends in immigrant characteristics.
Class of admission (Tables 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
The increase between 1996 and 1997 in the largest
admission category, immediate relatives of U.S. citizens,
was due to increases in parents (from 66,699 to 74,114)
and children (63,971 to 76,631) categories (See Chart D
and Table A). Spouses, however, still accounted for the
majority (170,263 or 52.8 percent) of immediate relatives
of U.S. citizens admitted in 1997.
The number of family-sponsored preference immigrants
decreased from 294,174 in 1996 to 213,331 in 1997 due
for the most part to the decrease in the annual limit in the
second preference (spouses and children of legal
permanent residents) to 114,200 from 200,019.
Family-sponsored immigrants (family preference
immigrants and immediate relatives of U.S. citizens)
accounted for two-thirds (66.9 percent) of all legal
immigrants in 1997. This represents an increase of nearly
10 percentage points since 1994 (57.6 percent).
The number of employment-based preference immigrants
decreased to 90,607 in 1997 due to a decline of 20,160, or
32.1 percent, in third preference admissions. As of 1997,
employment-based immigration (excluding third
preference admissions under the Chinese Student
Protection Act; see Appendix 1, p. A. 1-21) had not
reached the annual limit of 140,000 set in 1992.
The number of legal immigrants in the two other major
categories of admission — refugee adjustments of status
and diversity immigrants — decreased between 1996 and
1997. Although the number of Cuban refugee adjustments
increased, total refugee adjustments of status decreased to
102,052 due to recent declines in the annual admission
ceilings. The decrease in diversity immigration to 49,374
was consistent with the overall decline in legal
immigration between 1996 and 1997.
Region and country of birthi (Tables 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 15,
16, 17, 19, 21)
The leading regions and countries of birth for legal
immigrants were the same in 1996 and 1997 (See
Chart A, Table B, and Table C). North America was the
leading region of birth of 38.5 percent of legal
immigrants in 1997, followed by Asia (33.3 percent) and
Europe (15.0 percent). The top five sending countries
did not change between 1996 and 1997. They include
Mexico, which was the country of birth of 18.4 percent
of all legal immigrants in 1997, followed by the
Philippines, China, Vietnam, and India. These five
sending countries were the birthplace of 39.3 percent of
I
Table B
Percent of Immigrants Admitted by Region and Period: Fiscal Years 1955-97
Region
1955-64
1965-74
1975-84
1985-94
1995-97
All regions
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North America
Caribbean
Central America
Other North America
South America
Source: 1981-97, Table 3; 1955-80, previous Yearbooks.
100.0
50.2
7.7
.7
.4
35.9
7.0
2.4
26.4
5.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
29.8
13.4
11.0
16.2
22.4
43.3
32.2
34.6
1.5
2.4
2.6
5.9
.7
.8
.5
.6
39.6
33.6
48.0
36.1
18.0
15.1
11.0
13.1
2.5
3.7
6.6
4.9
19.0
14.8
30.5
18.1
6.0
6.6
5.7
6.6
20
Table C
Immigrants Admitted from Top Twenty Countries of Birth: Fiscal Years 1995-97
Country of birth
1997
1996
1995
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
798,378
100.0
915,900
100.0
720,461
100.0
146,865
18.4
163,572
17.9
89,932
12.5
49,117
6.2
55,876
6.1
50,984
7.1
41,147
5.2
41,728
4.6
35,463
4.9
38,519
4.8
42,067
4.6
41,752
5.8
38,071
4.8
44,859
4.9
34,748
4.8
33,587
4.2
26,466
2.9
17,937
2.5
27,053
3.4
39,604
4.3
38,512
5.3
17,969
2.3
17,903
2.0
11,744
1.6
17,840
2.2
19,089
2.1
16,398
2.3
16,632
2.1
19,668
2.1
14,560
2.0
15,696
2.0
21,079
2.3
17,432
2.4
15,057
1.9
18,386
2.0
14,021
1.9
14,239
1.8
18,185
2.0
16,047
2.2
13,004
1.6
14,283
1.6
10,838
1.5
12,967
1.6
12,519
1.4
9,774
1.4
12,038
1.5
15,772
1.7
13,824
1.9
11,609
1.5
15,825
1.7
12,932
1.8
10,853
1.4
12,871
1.4
8,066
1.1
10,708
1.3
13,624
1.5
12,427
1.7
9,642
1.2
11,084
1.2
9,201
1.3
552,613
69.2
624,460
68.2
476,592
66.2
245,765
30.8
291,440
31.8
243,869
33.8
All countries
1. Mexico
2. Philippines
3. China
4. Vietnam
5. India
6. Cuba
7. Dominican Republic
8. El Salvador
9. Jamaica
10. Russia
11. Ukraine
12. Haiu
13. Korea
14. Colombia
15. Pakistan
16. Poland
17. Canada
18. Peru
19. United Kingdom
20. Iran
Subtotal
Other
legal immigrants in 1997. Cuba was the only sending
country among the top 20 with a substantial increase in
legal immigration between 1996 and 1997, due to an
increase in Cuban refugee adjustments of status.
State and metropolitan area of intended residence
(Tables 17, 18, 19)
The leading states and metropolitan areas of intended
residence of legal immigrants in 1997 were the same as
those in 1994-96. California was the intended state of
residence of one-quarter (25.5 percent) of legal immigrants
in 1997, followed by New York (15.5 percent), Florida
(10.3 percent), Texas (7.3 percent), and New Jersey (5.2
percent). These five states were the intended residence of
more than 5 out of 8 legal immigrants in 1997. California
and Florida were the only leading states to show increases
in legal immigration between 1996 and 1997. New York,
NY was the top metropolitan area of intended residence of
legal immigrants in 1997, followed by Los Angeles, CA,
Miami, FL, Chicago, IL and Washington, DC-MD-VA.
One in three legal immigrants in 1997, about the same
proportion as in 1996, intended to live in one of these five
metropolitan areas. An increase in Cuban refugee
adjustments between 1996 and 1997 accounted for most of
the increase in legal immigration in Miami.
Age, gender, and occupation (Tables 12, 13, 14, 20,
21)
The age, gender, and occupational composition of legal
immigrants in 1997 were about the same as in 1994-96. In
1997, the majority (54.2 percent) were female. Median
age was 28 years.
Less than one-half (46.7 percent) of legal immigrants ages
16-64 reported an occupation in 1997. Consistent with
Census data on the foreign born population, the
occupations most frequently mentioned by legal
immigrants in 1997 were: machine operators, fabricators
and laborers; professional, specialty and technical
occupations; and service occupations.
21
Chart E
Percent Age and Sex Distribution of U.S. Population and Immigrants Admitted
in Fiscal Year 1997
Age
Males
Females
80 plus
"
^'
75 to 79
c
1
70 to 74
1
65 to 69
J ;
■ ■-
■ Immigrants, FY 1997
n U.S. Population
60 to 64
t
55 to 59
^
..■i|
50 to 54
n
I
45 to 49
1
I
40 to 44
J
* 1
35 to 39
L
3
30 to 34
1
^
V^
25 to 29
X
20 to 24
J
c
-"^
15t0l9
r
X
10 to 14
J
m
1
5 to 9
7
0to4
1 1
,1— t
\
10
2 4 6
10
4
Percent of total
Source: U.S. population data are estimates for July 1, 1997 published by the U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Division, Annual Population
Estimates by Age Group and Sex, Selected Years from 1990 to 1999, June 4, 1999; immigrants. Table 12.
Understanding the Data
Data Collection
Aliens arriving from outside tiie United States (new
arrivals) generally must have a valid immigrant visa
issued by the U.S. Department of State to be admitted for
legal permanent residence. Aliens already in the United
States in a temporary status who are eligible to become
legal permanent residents (adjustments) are granted
immigrant status by the U.S. Immigration and
Naturalization Service. The source of information on new
arrivals is the immigrant visa (OF- 155, Immigrant Visa
and Alien Registration, U.S. Department of State), and the
source of information on adjustments is the form granting
legal permanent resident status (1-181, Memorandum of
Creation of Record of Lawful Permanent Residence, U.S.
Immigration and Naturalization Service). After the
immigrant is admitted, the immigrant visa and adjustment
forms are forwarded to the INS Immigrant Data Capture
(IMDAC) facility. During 1997, INS began to transition
immigrant application processing from the IMDAC
facility to the Computer Linked Application Information
Management System (CLAIMS) at the regional Service
Centers. The IMDAC facility and the Service Centers
generated the records that are the source of the statistics on
immigrants presented in this report. Variables collected
include: port of admission; type (or class) of admission;
country of birth, last residence, and nationality; age,
gender, and marital status; occupation; original year of
entry and class of entry for those adjusting from temporary
to permanent residence; and the state and zip code of the
immigrant's intended residence.
Limitations of Data
The number of immigrants admitted for legal permanent
residence in a year is not the same as the number of net
migrants who entered the United States in that year. The
reasons for the difference in counts are:
1) Immigrant adjustments are reported in the year the
aliens adjust their status to lawful permanent residence
and not in the year they migrate to the United States in a
temporary or other (refugee or asylee) status.
2) Some migrants (such as parolees, refugees, and asylees)
may never be counted as lawful permanent residents even
though they reside permanently in the United States (they
are not required to adjust to permanent resident status).
3) Information on emigration (aliens permanently
departing the United States) and information on net illegal
immigration is not available (see Data Gaps section).
22
TABLE 1. IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES: FISCAL YEARS 1820 - 1997
■^ear
Number
Year
Number
Year
Number
Year
Number
1820 - 1997
1820
63,938,605
8,385
143,439
9,127
6,911
6,354
7,912
10,199
10,837
18,875
27,382
22,520
23.322
599,125
22,633
60,482
58.640
65,365
45,374
76,242
79,340
38,914
68,069
84,066
1,713,251
80,289
104,565
52,496
78,615
114,371
154,416
234,968
226,527
297,024
369,980
2,598,214
379,466
371,603
368,645
427,833
200,877
200,436
251,306
123.126
121,282
153,640
2314,824
91,918
91,985
176,282
193,418
248,120
318,568
315,722
138,840
352,768
387,203
1871-80
2,812,191
321,350
404,806
459,803
313,339
227,498
169,986
141,857
138.469
177.826
457.257
5,246,613
669.431
788,992
603,322
518,592
395,346
334,203
490,109
546,889
444,427
455,302
3,687,564
560,319
579,663
439,730
285,631
258,536
343,267
230,832
229,299
311,715
448,572
8,795386
487,918
648,743
857,046
812,870
1,026,499
1.100,735
1,285,349
782,870
751,786
1,041,570
5,735,811
878,587
838,172
1,197,892
1,218,480
326,700
298.826
295,403
110.618
141.132
430.001
1921-30
4,107,209
805,228
309,556
522,919
706,896
294,314
304,488
335,175
307,255
279,678
241,700
528,431
97,139
35,576
23,068
29,470
34,956
36,329
50,244
67,895
82,998
70.756
1,035,039
51.776
28.781
23.725
28,551
38,119
108.721
147.292
170.570
188.317
249,187
2,515,479
205,717
265,520
170,434
208,177
237,790
321,625
326,867
253,265
260,686
265,398
3321,677
271,344
283,763
306,260
292,248
296.697
323.040
361.972
454.448
358.579
373.326
1971-80
1821-30
4,493314
370 478
1821
1871
1921
1971
1972
1822
1872
1922
1923
1924
1925
384 685
1823
1873
1973
400,063
1824
1874
1974 .
394 861
1825
1875
1975
386 194
1826
1876
1926 . .
1976
398 613
1827
1877
1927
1976, TQ
1977
103,676
462 315
1828
1878
1928 . ...
1829
1879
1929
1978
601 442
1830
1880
1930
1979
460 348
1831-40
1881-90
1931-40
1980
1981-90
530,639
1831
1881
1931
7338,062
596,600
1832
1882
1883
1932
1933
1934
1935
1981
1833
1982
594 131
1834
1884
1983
559 763
1835
1885
1984
543 903
1836
1886
1936
1985
570 009
1837
1887
1937
1938
1986
601 708
1838
1888
1987
601,516
1839
1889
1939
1940
1988
643,025
1840
1890
1989
1990
1 090 924
1891-1900
1941-50
1,536,483
1841-50
1991-97
1991
1841
1891
1941
6,944,591
1842
1892
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951-60
1 827 167
1843
1893
1992
973 977
1844
1894
1993
904 292
1845
1895
1994
804,416
1846
1896
1897
1995
720,461
1847
1996
915.900
1848
1898
1997
798,378
1849
1899
1850
1851-60
1900
1901-10
1851
1901
1951
1852
1902
1952
1953
1853
1903
1854
1904
1954
1855
1905
1955
1856
1906
1956
1957
1958
1857
1907
1858
1908
1859
1909
1910
1959
1860
1960
1861-70
1911-20
1961-70
1861
1911
1961 .
1862
1912
1962
1963
1863
1913
1864
1914
1964
1865
1915
1965
1866
1916
1966
1967
1968
1969
1867
1917
1868
1918
1869
1919
1870
1920
1970
NOTE: The numbers shown are as follows: from 1820-67. figures represent alien passengers arrived at seaports; from 1868-92 and 1895-97. immigrant aliens
amved; from 1892-94 and 1898-1997. immigrant aliens admitted for permanent residence. From 1892-1903, aliens entering by cabin class were not counted as
immigrants. Land arrivals were not completely enumerated until 1908. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
23
TABLE 2. IMMIGRATION BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1820 - 1997
Region and country of
last residence '
1820
1821 -30
1831 -40
1841-50
1851 -60
1861-70
1871 - 80
All countries
Europe
Austria-Hungary
Austria
Hungary
Belgium
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland'
Italy
Netherlands
Norway-Sweden
Norway
Sweden
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Switzerland
United Kingdom ' '
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
China'"
Hong Kong
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Korea
Philippines
Turkey
Vietnam
Other Asia
America
Canada & Newfoundland " "
Mexico "
Caribbean
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Jamaica
Other Caribbean
Central America
El Salvador
Other Central America ..
South America
Argentina
Colombia
Ecuador
Other South America ....
Other America
Africa
Oceania
Not specified •■
See footnotes at end of table.
8^85
7,690
20
371
968
3,614
30
49
3
5
35
7
14
139
31
2,410
1
11
3
387
209
1
164
164
2
20
2
11
1
1
300
143,439
98,797
27
4
169
8,497
6,761
20
50,724
409
1,078
91
16
145
7
75
2,477
3,226
25,079
30
2
20
531
22
16
2
33,030
599,125
495,681
22
4
1,063
45,575
152,454
49
207,381
2,253
1,412
1,201
369
829
7
277
2,125
4,821
75,810
9
40
55
39
11,564
33,424
2,277
13,624
4,817
6,599
3,834
12301
,834
12,301
105
44
20
20
105
44
531
856
856
22
54
9
69,902
1,713,251
1,597,442
5,074
4
539
77,262
434,626
16
780,719
1,870
8,251
13,903
105
550
7
551
2,209
4,644
267,044
9
79
141
35
36
59
11
II
62,469
41,723
3,271
13,528
13,528
368
20
368
3,579
3,579
22
55
29
53,115
2,598,214
2,452,577
4,738
3,749
76,358
951,667
31
914,119
9,231
10,789
20,931
1,164
1,055
7
457
9,298
25,011
423,974
41,538
41,397
II
43
83
15
74,720
59,309
3,078
10,660
10,660
449
20
449
1,224
1,224
22
210
158
29,01 1
2314,824
2,065,141
7,800
7,124'
484'
6,734
4
17,094
35,986
787,468
72
435,778
11,725
9,102
109,298
2,027
2,658
7
2,512
6,697
23,286
606,896
64,759
64,301
11
69
186
IS
16
131
II
72
166,607
153,878
2,191
9,046
9,046
95
20
95
1397
1,397
22
312
214
17,791
2,812,191
2,271,925
72,969
63,009
9,960
7,221
4
31,771
72,206
718,182
210
436,871
55,759
16,541
211,245
95,323
115,922
12,970
14,082
11^
39,284
5,266
28,293
548,043
9
1,001
124,160
123,201
11
163
149
1^
16
404
II
243
404,044
383,640
5,162
13,957
13,957
157
20
157
1,128
1,128
22
358
10,914
790
24
TABLE 2. IMMIGRATION BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1820 - 1997— Continued
Region and country of
last residence '
All countries
Europe _„.
Austria-Hungary ....
Austria
Hungary
Belgium
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland'
Italy
Netherlands
Norway-Sweden
Norway
Sweden
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Switzerland
United Kingdom > •
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
ksia
China'"
Hong Kong
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Korea
Philippines
Turkey
Vietnam
Other Asia
1891 - 1900
unenca
Canada & Newfoundland " "
Mexico "
Caribbean .._
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Jamaica
Other Caribbean
Central America
El Salvador
Other Central America ..
South America
Argentina
Colombia
Ecuador
Other South America ....
Other America
frica
iceania
ot specified ^ .
3,687^64
3^55352
592,707 "^
234.081 '
181,288'
18,167
4
50,231
30,770
505,152 "
15,979
388.416
651,893
26,758
321,281
95,015
226,266
96.720
27,508
12,750
505,290
8,731
31.179
271,538
9
282
74,862
14,799
II
68
25,942
15
16
30,425
11
3,628
38,972
3,311
971'
33,066
33,066
549
20
549
1,075
1,075
22
350
3,965
14,063
1901 - 10
8,795,386
8,056,040
2.145.266"
668,209 '
808,511 '
41,635
4
65,285
73,379
341,498"
167,519
339,065
2,045,877
48,262
440,039
190,505
249,534
23
69,149
53.008
1,597,306'
27,935
34.922
525,950
9
39,945
323,543
20,605
II
4,713
129.797
157.369
II
11,059
361,888
179,226
49,642
107,548
107,548
8,192
20
8,192
17,280
17,280
22
7368
13,024
33,523 '
1911-20
5,735,811
4321,887
896,342 '
453,649
442,693
33,746
3,426 *
41,983
61,897
143,945 "
184,201
146.181
1,109,524
43,718
161,469
66,395
95,074
4,813"
89,732
13,311
921,201 "
68,611
23,091
341,408
1,888'
31,400
247,236
21,278
II
2,082
83,837
15
16
134,066
I!
5,973
1,143,671
742.185
219,004
123,424
123,424
17,159
20
17,159
41,899
41,899
22
8,443
13,427
1,147
1921-30
X footnotes at end of table.
4,107,209
2,463,194
63,548
32,868
30,680
15,846
102,194
32,430
49,610
412.202
51,084
211,234
455,315
26,948
165,780
68,531
97,249
227,734
29,994
67,646
61,742
28,958
29,676
339,570
49,064
42,619
112,059
29.907
II
1.886
241'^
13
33.462
33.824
11
12,739
1,516,716
924,515
459,287
74,899
15.901 '
58.998
15,769
20
15.769
42.215
42.215
31 ■
6,286
8,726
228
1931-40
528,431
347,566
11.424
3,563 "
7,861
4,817
14,393
2,559
12,623
114,058"
9,119
10,973
68.028
7,150
8,700
4,740
3,960
17,026
3.329
3,871
1.370
3,258
5.512
31.572
5,835
11,949
16,595
4,928
11
496
195
13
1,948
15
528'
1.065
11
7,435
160,037
108.527
22,319
15,502
9,571
1,150"
191"
21
4,590
5,861
673"
5,188
7,803
1,349'°
1,223"
337"
4,894
25
1,750
2,483
1941 - 50
1,035,039
621,147
28,329
24,860 "
3,469
12,189
8,347
5,393
38,809
226,578 "
8,973
19,789
57,661
14.860
20.765
10.100
10.665
7.571
7.423
1.076
571
2.898
10,547
139,306
1,576
8.486
37,028
16.709
II
1,761
1,380
476'
1,555
107'-
4,691
798
II
9,551
354,804
171,718
60,589
49,725
26,313
5,627
911
21
16,874
21,665
5,132
16.533
21,831
3,338
3,858
2,417
12,218
29.276
7367
14351
142
1951-60
2,515,479
1325,727
103.743
67,106
36,637
18,575
918
10,984
51,121
477,765
47,608
48,362
185,491
52,277
44,632
22,935
21,697
9.985
19.588
1,039
671
7,894
17,675
202,824
8,225
16,350
153,249
9,657
15,541 "
1.973
3,388
25,476
46,250
6,231
19,307
3,519
335"
21.572
996,944
377,952
299,811
123,091
78,948
9,897
4,442
8,869 "
20,935 "
44,751
5,895
38.856
91,628
19.486
18.048
9.841
44.253
59,711
14,092
12,976
12,491
1961 - 70
3321,677
1,123,492
26,022
20,621
5,401
9,192
3,273
9,201
45,237
190,796
85,969
32,966
214,111
30.606
32,600
15,484
17,116
53,539
76.065
2,531
2,465
44.659
18,453
213,822
20,381
11,604
427,642
34,764
75,007
27,189
10,339
29,602
39,988
34,526
98,376
10,142
4,340
63,369
1,716374
413,310
453,937
470,213
208,536
93,292
34,499
74,906
58,980
101330
14,992
86,338
257,940
49,721
72,028
36,780
99.411
19,644
28,954
25,122
93
25
TABLE 2. IMMIGRATION BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1820 - 1997— Continued
Region and country of
last residence '
1971 - 80
1981 -90
1991-93
1994
1995
1996
1997
Total
178 years,
1820-1997
All countries
Europe
Austria-Hungary
Austria
Hungary
Belgium
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland'
Italy
Netherlands
Norway-Sweden
Norway
Sweden
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Switzerland
United Kingdom ' '
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia ,
China"
Hong Kong
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Korea
Philippines
Turkey
Vietnam
Other Asia
America
Canada & Newfoundland "
Mexico "
Caribbean
Cuba
Dominican Republic ...
Haiti
Jamaica
Other Caribbean
Central America
El Salvador
Other Central America
South America
Argentina
Colombia
Ecuador
Other South America ..
Other America
Africa
Oceania
Not specified "
See footnotes at end of table.
4,493314
800368
16,028
9,478
6,550
5,329
6,023
4,439
25,069
74,414
92,369
11,490
129,368
10,492
10,472
3,941
6,531
37,234
101,710
12,393
38,961
39,141
8,235
137,374
30,540
9,287
1,588,178
124,326
1 13,467
164,134
45,136
37,713
49,775
267,638
354,987
13,399
172,820
244,783
1,982,735
169,939
640,294
741,126
264,863
148.135
56,335
137,577
134,216
134,640
34,436
100,204
295,741
29,897
77,347
50,077
138,420
995
80,779
41,242
12
7338,062
761,550
24,885
18,340
6,545
7,066
7,227
5,370
32,353
91,961
38,377
31,969
67,254
12,238
15,182
4,164
11,018
83,252
40,431
30,857
57,677
20,433
8,849
159,173
18,762
8,234
2,738,157
346,747
98,215
250,786
116,172
44,273
47,085
333,746
548,764
23,233
280.782
648,354
3,615,225
156,938
1,655,843
872,051
144,578
252,035
138,379
208,148
128,911
468,088
213,539
254,549
461,847
27,327
122,849
56,315
255,356
458
176,893
45,205
1,032
3,705,436
465,642
11,303
8,286
3,017
2,434
2,291
2,160
12,429
33,727
7,557
30,039
46,177
4,532
6,345
2,057
4,288
68,885
9,425
16,210
128,575
6,495
3,569
59,114
8,324
6,051
1,032384
111,324
46,723
116,201
25,830
16,270
25,008
61,484
195,634
10,156
77,913
345.841
2,104,250
65,370
1,288,693
332,721
33,340
128,834
67,701
58,018
44,828
227,335
99,794
127,541
190,110
11,286
44,754
24,684
109,386
21
83,781
19,199
180
804,416
166,279
2,123
1,314
809
621
759
639
3,592
8,940
2,539
16,525
2,664
1,359
1,804
515
1,289
27,597
2,163
2,932
64,502
1,756
1,183
17,666
3,183
3,732
282,449
58,867
11,953
33,173
6,998
3,982
6,974
15,417
52,832
3,880
32,387
55,986
325,173
22,243
111,415
103,750
14,216
51,221
13,166
13,909
11,238
40,256
17.669
22.587
47,505
2.474
10.653
5.943
28.435
4
24,864
5,647
720,461
132,914
2,190
1,340
850
694
1,057
588
3,178
7,896
2,404
4,851
2,594
1,284
1,607
465
1,142
13,570
2,611
4,565
54,133
1,664
1,119
14,207
7,828
4,874
259,984
41,112
10,699
33,060
5,646
3,188
5,556
15,053
49,696
4,806
37,764
53,404
282,270
18,117
90,045
96,021
17,661
38.493
13.872
16.061
9,934
32,020
11,670
20,350
46,063
2.239
10,641
6,453
26,730
4
39,818
5,472
3
915,900
151,898
2,325
1,182
1,143
802
1,299
795
3,896
8.365
2.394
1.611
2,755
1,553
2,015
552
1,463
15,504
3,024
5,449
61,895
1,970
1.344
15,564
10,755
8,583
300,574
50,981
11,319
42,819
7,299
4,029
6,617
17380
54,588
5,573
39,922
60,047
407,813
21,751
163,743
115,991
26,166
36.284
18.185
18.732
16.624
44336
17,847
26.489
61,990
2,878
14,078
8,348
36,686
2
49,605
6,008
2
798378
122358
1,964
1,044
920
633
1,169
507
3,007
6,941
1,483
932
2,190
1,197
1,517
391
1,126
11,729
1,690
5,276
48,238
1,607
1,302
11,950
9,913
9,113
258,561
44.356
7.974
36,092
6,291
2,951
5,640
13,626
47,842
4,596
37,121
52,072
359,619
15,788
146,680
101,095
29,913
24,966
14,941
17,585
13,690
43,451
17,741
25.710
52,600
2,055
12,795
7,763
29,987
5
44,668
4,855
8,317
63,938,605
38,140,151
4,362,687
1,842,112'
1,674,499'
215,740
152,376
375,101
813,689
7,149,334
720,281
4,779,091
5,429,488
384,157
2,159,242
757,699'
1,256,116'
743,621
520,174
239,273
3,801,049
298,640
367,956
5,237,651
176,274
214,327
8,153,132
1,221,016
390,898"
717,061
228,915"
167,960"
512,039"
765,208 "
1,427,245"
441,338
683384"
1,598,068
16,546,673
4,438,854
5,689,305
3,452,755
870,006 "
789,934*
362,622*
553,805"
876,388
1,207,026
439.388 "
767.638
1,648357
152.050*
388.274*
208.958 "
899.275
110.176
576,881
245,803
275,965
26
TABLE 2. IMMIGRATION BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1820 - 1997— Continued
Data for years prior lo 1906 relate lo country whence alien caine; data from 1906-79 and 1984-96 are for country of last permanent residence; and data
for 1980-83 refer to country of birth. Because of changes in boundaries, changes in lists of countries, and lack of data for specified countries for
vanous penods, data for certain countries, especially for the total period 1820-1996, are not comparable throughout. Data for specified countries are
included with countries lo which they belonged prior to World War I.
Data for Austria and Hungary not reported until 1861.
Data for Austria and Hungary not reported separately for all years during the period.
No data available for Czechoslovakia until 1920.
Prior to 1926, data for Northern Ireland included in Ireland.
Data for Norway and Sweden not reported separately until 1871.
No data available for Romania until 1880.
Since 1925, data for United Kingdom refer to England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
In 1920, a separate enumeration was made for the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Since 1922, the Serb, Croat, and Slovene Kingdom recorded
as Yugoslavia.
Beginning in 1957, China includes Taiwan. As of January 1, 1979, the United States has recognized the People's Republic of China.
Data not reported separately until 1952.
Data not reported separately until 1925.
Data not reported separately until 1949.
No data available for Japan until 1861 .
Data not reported separately until 1948.
Prior to 1934, Philippines recorded as insular travel.
Prior to 1920, Canada and Newfoundland recorded as British North America. From 1820-98, figures include all British North America possessions.
Land arrivals not completely enumerated until 1908.
No data available for Mexico from 1886-94.
Data not reported separately until 1932.
Data for Jamaica not collected until 1953. In prior years, consolidated under British West Indies, which is included in "Other Caribbean."
Included in countries "Not specified" until 1925.
From 1899-1919, data for Poland included in Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Soviet Union.
From 1938-45, data for Austria included in Germany.
Includes 32,897 persons returning in 1906 to their homes in the United States.
NOTE: From 1820-67, figures represent alien passengers anived at seaports; from 1868-91 and 1895-97, immigrant aliens arrived; from 1892-94 and
1898-1997, immigrant aliens admitted for pennanent residence. From 1892-1903, aliens entering by cabin class were not counted as immigrants. Land
amvals were not completely enumerated until 1908. For recent changes in geographic definitions for Hong Kong, and the fonner Czechoslovakia, Soviet
Union, and Yugoslavia, see Notice of Special Geographic Definitions, p. 10.
See Glossary for fiscal year definitions. For this table, fiscal year 1843 covers 9 months ending September 1843; fiscal years 1832 and 1850 cover 15
months ending December 3 1 of the respective years; and fiscal year 1 868 covers 6 months ending June 30, 1 868.
- Represents zero.
27
TABLE 3. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION AND COUNTRY OF BIRTH
nSCAL YEARS 1987-97
Region and country
of birth
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
601^16
61,174
643,025
1,090,924
1,536,483
1,827,167
973,977
904,292
804,416
720,461
915,900
798378
Europe
64,797
82,891
112,401
135,234
145392
158,254
160,916
128,185
147,581
119,871
Albania
62
82
71
78
142
682
1,400
1,489
1,420
4,007
4.375
Andorra
.
.
4
5
1
2
2
2
5
3
Austria
483
514
501
675
589
701
549
499
518
554
487
Belgium
636
581
548
682
525
780
657
516
569
651
554
Bulgaria
205
217
265
428
623
1,049
1,029
981
1,797
2.066
2,774
Czechoslovakia, fmr.
1,357
1.482
992
1.412
1.156
1,181
1,000
874
1,174
1,389
1,210
Czech Republic ..
X
X
X
X
X
X
-
11
72
165
186
Slovak Republic .
X
X
X
X
X
X
10
221
503
663
629
Unknown rep
X
X
X
X
X
X
990
642
599
561
395
Denmark
537
558
593
666
601
764
735
606
551
608
429
Estonia
15
11
14
20
23
194
191
272
205
280
285
Finland
331
390
325
369
333
525
544
471
476
602
376
France
2,513
2,524
2,598
2,849
2.450
3,288
2.864
2.715
2,505
3.079
2,568
Germany
X
X
X
X
6.509
9,888
7.312
6.992
6.237
6,748
5.723
Germany, East
108
110
137
105
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Germany, West ....
7,210
6.645
6,708
7.388
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Gibraltar
4
1
2
1
1
4
5
6
7
6
3
Greece
2.653
2.458
2.491
2,742
2,079
1,858
1,884
1,440
1.309
1,452
1.049
Hungary
994
1.227
1.193
1.655
1,534
1,304
1.091
880
900
1.183
949
Iceland
88
92
124
107
117
156
164
140
125
182
119
Ireland
3,060
5,058
6,961
10,333
4.767
12.226
13.590
17,256
5.315
1.731
1. 001
Italy
2,784
2,949
2.910
3,287
2.619
2.592
2.487
2.305
2,231
2.501
1.982
Latvia
23
31
57
45
86
419
668
762
651
736
615
Liechtenstein
4
1
4
3
3
1
3
-
2
1
1
Lithuania
37
47
63
67
157
353
529
663
767
1.080
812
Luxembourg
26
28
16
31
21
25
14
24
15
32
28
Malta
113
112
74
77
83
85
52
75
72
52
54
Monaco
4
4
3
2
5
4
-
3
5
4
4
Netherlands
1,230
1,187
1,193
1,424
1,283
1,586
1,430
1,239
1,196
1.423
1.059
Norway
326
397
482
524
486
665
608
459
420
478
372
Poland
7,519
9.507
15,101
20,537
19,199
25,504
27.846
28.048
13,824
15,772
12.038
Portugal
3,912
3.199
3,758
4,035
4,524
2,748
2.081
2.169
2,615
2.984
1.665
Romania
3.837
3,875
4.573
4,647
8.096
6,500
5,601
3.444
4,871
5.801
5.545
San Marino
1
2,384
2
2.949
11.128
25.524
1
56,980
43,614
2
58,571
63.420
2
54,494
3
62.777
-
Soviet Union, fmr.
49,071
Armenia
X
X
X
X
X
6,145
6.287
3,984
1,992
2.441
2,094
Azerbaijan
X
X
X
X
X
1,640
2,943
2,844
1,885
1.991
1,450
Belarus
X
X
X
X
X
3,233
4.702
5,420
3,791
4.268
3.062
Georgia
X
X
X
X
X
426
429
652
710
1.157
812
Kazakhstan
X
X
X
X
X
506
628
750
840
1.089
1,025
Kyrgyzstan
X
X
X
X
X
134
124
226
209
280
287
Moldova
X
X
X
X
X
1,705
2,646
2,260
1,856
1,849
1.347
Russia
X
X
X
X
X
8.857
12,079
15.249
14,560
19.668
16,632
Tajikistan
X
X
X
X
X
186
336
568
706
634
311
Turkmenistan
X
X
X
X
X
34
48
68
84
121
99
Ukraine
X
X
X
X
X
14,383
18,316
21.010
17,432
21,079
15,696
Uzbekistan
X
X
X
X
X
1,712
2,664
3.435
3,645
4.687
3,312
Unknown republic
X
X
X
X
X
4,653
7.369
6.954
6,784
3.513
2,944
Spain
1,578
1.483
1.550
1,886
1,849
1.631
1.388
1.418
1,321
1.659
1.241
Sweden
1,057
1,156
1,078
1,196
1,080
1.463
1,393
1,140
976
1.251
958
Switzerland
759
751
788
845
696
1,023
972
877
881
1.006
1.063
United Kingdom ..
13,497
13.228
14.090
15,928
13.903
19.973
18.783
16.326
12.427
13.624
10,708
Yugoslavia, former
1,827
1.941
2,496
2.828
2,713
2.604
2.809
3.405
8.307
11,854
10,750
Bosnia-
Herzegovina
X
X
X
X
X
15
159
521
4.061
6.499
6.392
Croatia
X
X
X
X
X
77
370
412
608
810
720
Macedonia
X
X
X
X
X
-
-
367
666
863
783
Slovenia
X
X
X
X
X
8
50
67
65
77
62
Unknown
X
X
X
X
X
2,504
2.230
2,038
2.907
3.605
2,793
Asia
257,684
264,465
312,149
338,581
358,533
356,955
358,047
292,589
267,931
307,807
265,810
Afghanistan
2.424
2,873
3.232
3.187
2,879
2,685
2,964
2.344
1,424
1,263
1,129
Bahrain
46
45
47
58
58
81
93
87
78
76
80
See footnotes at end of table.
28
TABLE 3. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION AND COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEARS 1987-97— Continued
Region and country
of birth
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
Qiina, People's Rep.
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Macau
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab
Emirates
Viemam
Yemen
Yemen (Aden)
Yemen (Sanaa) ....
frica
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Bimindi
-ameroon
I)ape Verde
I^en. African Rep.
:had
-omoros
-ongo, Republic '
-ongo, Dem. Rep. '
2!ote d'lvoire
Djibouti
-gypt
Equatorial Guinea
aitrea
Ethiopia
"rench Southern &
Antarctic Lands ...
jabon
Jambia, The
1987
1.649
12
941
12,460
25,841
331
4,706
27,803
1,254
14,426
1,072
3,699
4,174
3,125
35,849
507
6,828
4,367
254
1,016
78
11
6,319
50.060
30
294
469
630
1,669
11,931
6,733
1,596
122
24,231
X
150
577
17,724
172
146
9
15
4
1
132
657
3
1
12
102
63
7
3,377
X
2.156
4
5
37
1988
1.325
2
12
803
9.629
28,717
286
8,546
26,268
1,342
15,246
1,022
3,640
4,512
3,232
34,703
599
10,667
4,910
183
1.250
106
7
5,438
50.697
39
338
492
634
2,183
9,670
6,888
1,642
111
25,789
X
259
360
18,882
199
110
15
24
6
9
157
921
I
2
1
4
139
78
8
3,016
1
X
2,571
4
3
55
1989
2,180
1
16
1,170
6,076
32,272
284
9,740
31,175
1.513
21,243
1,516
4,244
4,849
3,921
34,222
710
12,524
5,716
246
1,506
134
18
8,000
57,034
49
381
566
757
2,675
13,974
9,332
2,007
114
37,739
X
135
831
25,166
230
143
16
10
11
9
187
1.118
1
4
10
140
98
8
3,717
2
X
3,389
34
7
71
1990
4,252
I
16
1,120
5,179
31,815
316
9,393
30,667
3,498
24,977
1,756
4.664
5.734
4.449
32,301
691
10,446
5,634
301
1,867
184
9
9,729
63,756
33
518
620
976
2,972
15,151
8,914
2,468
192
48,792
X
218
1,727
35,893
302
141
27
21
8
5
380
907
14
9
256
184
22
4,117
5
X
4,336
1!
170
1991
10,676
2
15
946
3,251
33,025
243
10,427
45,064
2,223
19,569
1,494
4,181
5,049
4,259
26,518
861
9,950
6,009
267
1.860
1
2
174
5
20,355
63,596
56
552
535
1.377
2.837
13,274
7.397
2.528
164
55.307
1.547
X
X
36,179
269
132
24
3
8
16
452
973
22
238
347
21
5,602
5
X
5,127
II
159
; footnotes at end of table.
1992
3,740
1
17
816
2,573
38,907
262
10,452
36,755
2,916
13,233
4,111
5.104
11.028
4,036
19,359
989
8,696
5.838
320
2.235
6
212
24
10.214
61,022
59
584
774
1,081
2,940
16,344
7,090
2,488
172
77,735
2,056
X
X
27,086
407
107
10
19
16
11
236
757
8
4
2
9
196
259
14
3.576
2
X
4.602
9
93
1993
3,291
2
26
849
1,639
65,578
229
9,161
40,121
1.767
14,841
4,072
4,494
6,908
4,741
18,026
1.129
7,285
5.465
334
2.026
2
8
257
21
8.927
63.457
88
616
798
1,109
2,933
14,329
6,654
2,204
196
59,614
1,793
X
X
27,783
360
92
21
13
11
13
262
936
15
3
3
10
233
250
14
3,556
1
85
5.191
5
76
1994
3,434
2
14
938
1,404
53,985
204
7.731
34.921
1.367
11.422
6,025
3.425
6.093
3,990
16,011
1,065
5,089
4.319
287
1.480
21
257
32
8.698
53.535
51
668
542
989
2,426
10.032
5,489
1,840
286
41,345
741
X
X
26,712
364
75
18
13
16
14
305
810
7
9
1
II
237
268
10
3,392
I
468
3.887
11
93
1995
6.072
2
14
1.233
1,492
35.463
188
7.249
34.748
1.020
9,201
5.596
2.523
4.837
3.649
16.047
961
3,936
3,884
373
1,223
I
17
312
31
9,774
50,984
60
788
399
960
2,362
9,377
5.136
2.947
317
41.752
1.501
X
X
42,456
650
81
23
16
17
26
506
968
2
11
2
11
355
289
25
5.648
I
992
5,960
13
153
1996
1997
8,221
8
20
1,320
1.568
41.728
187
7.834
44.859
1,084
11,084
5,481
3,126
6,011
4,445
18,185
1,202
2,847
4,382
453
1,414
1
17
431
25
12,519
55,876
79
1,164
561
1,277
3.072
13.401
4.310
3,657
343
42,067
2,209
X
X
52,889
1,059
125
38
21
17
36
803
1,012
27
13
3
23
433
432
19
6,186
1
828
6,086
29
207
8,681
6
6
1,085
1,638
41,147
148
5,577
38,071
906
9,642
3,244
2,448
5,097
4,171
14,239
837
1,935
3,568
277
1,051
1
22
447
36
12,967
49,117
70
815
460
1,128
2,269
6,745
3,094
3,145
329
38.519
1,663
X
X
47,791
717
75
48
18
13
59
898
920
10
18
3
31
414
430
18
5,031
2
948
5,904
24
176
29
TABLE 3. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION AND COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEARS 1987-97— Continued
Region and country
of birth
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau ....
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Reunion
Rwanda
Sao Tome &
Principe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
St. Helena
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Western Sahara
Zambia
Zimbabwe
1987
Oceania
American Samoa
Australia
Christmas Island ..
Cocos Islands
Cook Islands
Fiji
French Polynesia
Kiribati
Marshall Islands ..
Micronesia,
Federated States
Nauru
New Caledonia ....
New Zealand
Niuc
Northern Mariana
Islands
Pacific Islands,
Trust Territories
Palau
Papua New
Guinea
Samoa'
Solomon Islands ..
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Wallis & Futuna Is.
1,120
26
698
7
622
183
21
49
13
7
36
635
74
10
15
3,278
3
92
28
453
197
1,741
6
198
12
385
19
120
357
161
252
3,993
1
1,253
1,205
34
6
4
II
591
1988
120
15
202
2
545
2
2
1,239
33
2
773
7
769
198
24
53
20
2
47
715
68
25
3
3,343
2
130
38
571
183
1,832
3
217
6
388
22
98
343
1
182
216
3,839
1,356
I
1,028
32
3
1989
4
668
1
66
18
221
3
434
2
2
2,045
45
9
910
8
1,175
210
23
84
18
9
56
984
81
26
7
5,213
1
7
7
141
13
939
228
1,899
1
272
7
507
29
125
393
259
230
4,360
1
1,546
7
968
22
4
5
1990
7
7
789
2
34
9
295
4
646
2
2
4,466
67
8
1,297
16
2,004
268
37
48
34
3
67
1,200
100
23
3
8,843
537
21
1,290
277
1,990
1
306
11
635
30
226
674
209
272
6,182
2
1,754
5
1,353
29
5
3
7
6
8
829
22
62
14
690
7
1,375
4
2
1991
3,330
84
14
1,185
4
1,292
314
23
68
63
9
64
1,601
74
14
I
7,912
12
4
869
32
951
458
1,854
2
679
5
500
33
275
538
228
261
6,236
2
1,678
1,349
31
13
2
6
I
3
793
1
70
20
561
2
1,685
1992
1,867
104
8
953
15
999
286
41
72
55
2
61
1,316
54
29
2
4,551
1
10
7
337
30
693
500
2,516
I
675
8
352
45
216
437
210
296
5,169
2.238
6
807
24
15
4
1993
II
2
8
967
47
17
314
I
703
I
1,604
102
1
1,065
5
1,050
343
32
53
51
9
83
1,176
56
37
4
4,448
3
25
178
23
690
1,088
2,197
4
714
10
426
41
167
415
225
308
4,902
I
2,320
2
4
854
28
4
2
II
I
2
1,052
I
42
15
200
3
348
3
1994
1,458
97
1,017
8
1,762
166
27
55
55
10
65
1,074
44
24
8
3,950
16
213
22
698
1,737
2,144
651
7
357
52
149
391
198
246
4,592
2,049
2
1,007
19
4
1
7
3
7
918
2
21
22
227
5
293
1995
3,152
152
2
1,419
10
1,929
216
42
56
94
22
67
1,726
50
35
10
6,818
2
41
6
506
18
919
3,487
2,560
3
1,645
20
524
83
189
383
222
299
4,695
1
1,751
2
1,491
25
5
5
7
2
3
727
1
1996
13
237
2
403
2
I
4
6,606
220
3
1,666
11
2,206
250
43
58
124
26
84
1,783
59
30
102
10,221
3
118
4
641
16
1,918
2,170
2,966
1
2,172
16
553
157
228
422
3
226
385
5,309
2
1,950
5
,847
15
6
3
1997
5,105
158
24
1,387
6
2,216
171
33
72
97
51
44
2,359
48
22
837
7,038
1
170
2
435
15
1,884
4,005
2,093
2,030
II
399
222
163
400
262
274
4,344
1,630
I
1
4
1.549
21
5
3
5
2
2
-
11
-
800
655
-
3
4
3
9
8
17
15
215
138
2
1
416
303
.
1
-
'-
See footnotes at end of table.
30
TABLE 3. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION AND COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEARS 1987-97— Continued
Region and country
of birth
North America
Canada
Greenland
Mexico
St. Pierre &
Miquelon
Unknown
Caribbean
Anguilla
Antigua-Barbuda
Aniba
Bahamas, The ....
Barbados
Bermuda
British Virgin
Islands
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Haiti
Jamaica
Martinique
Montserrat
Netherlands
Antilles
St. Kitts-Nevis ...
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & the
Grenadines
Trinidad &
Tobago
Turks & Caicos
Islands
Unknown
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America ....
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Falkland Islands
French Guiana ...
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
1987
Bom on board ship
Unknown or not
reported
216^50
11,876
1
72,351
127
102,899
21
874
75
556
1,665
154
296
25
28,916
740
24,858
1.098
37
14,819
23,148
34
104
81
589
496
746
3,543
21
3
29,296
1,354
1,391
10,693
5,729
4,751
3,294
2,084
44,385
2,106
1,170
2,505
2,140
11,700
4,641
11,384
291
5,901
144
709
1,694
1988
250,009
11,783
1
95,039
114
112,357
36
837
47
1,283
1,455
166
395
26
17,558
611
27,189
842
54
34,806
20.966
25
104
62
660
606
634
3,947
47
I
30,715
1,497
1,351
12,045
5,723
4,302
3,311
2,486
41,007
2,371
1,038
2,699
2,137
10,322
4,716
1
3
8,747
483
5,936
151
612
1,791
23
1989
607398
12.151
1
405,172
108
88,932
43
979
73
861
1,616
182
258
48
10,046
748
26,723
1,046
38
13,658
24,523
30
124
65
795
709
892
5,394
78
3
101,034
2,217
1,985
57,878
19,049
7,593
8,830
3,482
58,926
3,301
1,805
3,332
3,037
15,214
7,532
2
10,789
529
10,175
163
948
2,099
34
1990
957,558
16,812
3
679,068
122
115,351
41
1,319
83
1,378
1,745
203
105
53
10,645
963
42,195
1,294
54
20,324
25,013
32
172
80
896
833
973
6,740
206
4
146,202
3,867
2,840
80,173
32,303
12,024
11,562
3,433
85,819
5,437
2,843
4,191
4,049
24,189
12,476
1
2
11,362
704
15,726
240
1,457
3,142
49
1991
1,210,981
13,504
8
946,167
70
140,139
56
944
56
1,062
1,460
146
137
23
10,349
982
41,405
979
34
47,527
23,828
25
143
40
830
766
808
8,407
121
II
111,093
2,377
2,341
47,351
25,527
11,451
17,842
4,204
79,934
3,889
3,006
8,133
2,842
19,702
9,958
2
11,666
538
16,237
178
1.161
2,622
70
1992
384,047
15,205
2
213,802
I
66
97,413
46
619
62
641
1,091
153
174
40
11,791
809
41,969
848
50
11,002
18,915
25
104
37
626
654
687
7,008
59
3
57,558
1,020
1,480
26,191
10,521
6,552
8,949
2,845
55,308
3,877
1,510
4,755
1,937
13,201
7,286
2
9,064
514
9,868
238
716
2,340
If
1993
301,380
17,156
3
126,561
60
99,438
23
554
36
686
1,184
156
166
16
13,666
683
45,420
827
49
10,094
17,241
17
102
65
544
634
657
6,577
39
2
58,162
1,035
1,368
26,818
11,870
7,306
7,086
2,679
53,921
2,824
1,545
4,604
1,778
12,819
7,324
6
8,384
668
10,447
211
568
2,743
1994
272,226
16,068
1
111,398
47
104,804
31
438
24
589
897
118
137
30
14,727
507
51,189
595
41
13,333
14,349
20
69
48
370
449
524
6,292
26
1
39,908
772
1,205
17,644
7,389
5,265
5,255
2,378
47377
2,318
1,404
4,491
1,640
10,847
5,906
10
7,662
789
9,177
190
516
2,427
1995
231,526
12.932
2
89,932
57
96,788
26
374
27
585
734
111
98
26
17,937
591
38,512
583
48
14,021
16,398
11
83
58
360
403
349
5,424
27
2
31,814
644
1,062
11,744
6,213
5,496
4,408
2,247
45,666
1,762
1,332
4,558
1,534
10,838
6,397
4
7,362
559
8,066
213
414
2,627
1996
340,540
15,825
2
163.572
51
116,801
36
406
28
768
1,043
103
87
24
26,466
797
39,604
787
52
18,386
19,089
23
99
76
357
582
606
7,344
35
3
44,289
786
1,504
17,903
8,763
5,870
6,903
2,560
61,769
2,456
1,913
5,891
1,706
14,283
8,321
5
9.489
615
12,871
211
540
3,468
1997
307,488
11,609
1
146,865
38
105,299
19
393
26
641
829
75
93
35
33,587
746
27,053
755
52
15,057
17,840
20
99
43
377
531
581
6,409
37
I
43,676
664
1,330
17,969
7,785
7,616
6,331
1,981
52,877
1,964
1,734
4,583
1,443
13,004
7,780
1
6
7,257
304
10,853
191
429
3,328
197
In May 1997 Zaire was formally recognized as the Democratic Republic of the Congo; the Congo is referred to by its conventional name, the Republic of the
Congo. ' In August 1997 Western Samoa was formally recognized as Samoa (Independent State).
- Represents zero. X Not applicable.
31
TABLE 4. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY TYPE AND SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEARS 1990-97
Type and class of admission
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Total, all immigrants
New arrivals
Adjustments
Total, IRCA legalization
Residents since 1982
Special Agricultural Workers
Total, non-legalization
Preference immigrants
Family-sponsored immigrants
Unmarried sons/daughters of U.S. citizens '
Spouses of alien residents '
Married sons/daughters of U.S. citizens '
Siblings of U.S. citizens ^
Employment-based immigrants ' '
Priority workers
Professionals with advanced degrees or aliens of
exceptional ability
Skilled workers, professionals, other workers
Special immigrants
Employment creation
Pre-1992
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens '
Spouses
Children'
Orphans
Parents
Refugees and asylees
Refugee adjustments
Asylee adjustments
Other immigrants
Amerasians (P.L. 100-202)
Children bom abroad to alien residents
Cuban/Haitian entrants (P.L. 99-603)
Diversity
Diversity transition
Legalization dependents
Nationals of adversely affected countries (P.L. 99-603)
Natives of underrepresented countries (P.L. 100-658) ..
Parolees, Polish/Hungarian (P.L. 104-208)
Parolees, Soviet Union or Indochina (P.L. 101-267)
Registered nurses and their families (P.L. 101-238)
Registry, entry prior to 1/1/72
Suspension of deportation '
Other
1,536,483
435,729
1,100,754
880,372
823,704
56,668
656,111
272,742
214,550
15,861
107,686
26,751
64,252
58,192
X
X
X
4,463
X
53,729
231,680
125,426
46,065
7,088
60,189
97,364
92,427
4,937
54325
13,059
2,410
710
X
X
X
20,371
8,790
X
X
2,954
4,633
889
509
1,827,167
443,107
1,384,060
1,123,162
214,003
909,159
704,005
275,613
216,088
15,385
110,126
27,115
63.462
59,525
X
X
X
4,576
X
54,949
237,103
125,397
48,130
9,008
63,576
139,079
116,415
22,664
52,210
16,010
2,224
213
X
X
X
12,268
9,802
X
4,998
3,069
2,282
782
562
973,977
511,769
462,208
163342
46,962
116,380
810,635
329321
213,123
12,486
118,247
22,195
60,195
116,198
5,456
58,401
47,568
4,063
59
651
235,484
128,396
42,324
6,536
64,764
117,037
106,379
10,658
128,793
17,253
2,116
99
X
33,911
52,272
1,557
880
X
13,661
3,572
1,293
1.013
1,166
904,292
536,294
367,998
24,278
18,717
5,561
880,014
373,788
226,776
12,819
128,308
23,385
62,264
147,012
21,114
29,468
87,689
8,158
583
X
255,059
145,843
46,788
7,348
62,428
127343
115,539
11,804
123,824
11,116
2,030
62
X
33,468
55,344
10
2
X
15.772
2.178
938
1.468
1.436
804,416
490,429
313,987
6,022
4,436
1,586
798394
335,252
211,961
13,181
115,000
22,191
61,589
123,291
21,053
14,432
76,956
10,406
444
X
249,764
145,247
48,147
8,200
56,370
121,434
115,451
5,983
91,944
2,822
1,883
47
X
41,056
34,074
X
X
X
8,253
304
671
2,220
614
720,461
380,291
340,170
4,267
3,124
1,143
716,194
323,458
238,122
15,182
144,535
20,876
57,529
85336
17,339
10,475
50,245
6,737
540
X
220360
123,238
48,740
9,384
48,382
114,664
106,827
7,837
57,712
939
1,894
42
40,301
6,944
277
X
X
X
3,086
69
469
3,168
523
915,900
421,405
494,495
4,635
3,286
1,349
911,265
411,673
294,174
20,909
182,834
25,452
64,979
117,499
27,501
18,462
62,756
7,844
936
X
300,430
169,760
63,971
11316
66,699
128365
118,528
10,037
70397
956
1,660
29
58,245
545
184
X
X
X
2,269
16
368
5,812
513
' Includes children.
' Includes spouses and children.
' Includes immigrants issued third preference, sixth preference, and special immigrani visas prior lo fiscal year 1992.
■" Effective in fiscal year 1992, under the Immigration Act of 1990, children born abroad to alien residents are included with immediate relatives of U.S. citizens for
calculating the annual limit of family-sponsored preference immigrants.
' Includes orphans.
* Became cancellation of removal effective April 1. 1997 with the implementation of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) of
1996.
X Not applicable.
32
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Type and class of admission
Total, all immigrants
Total, subject to world-wide numerical limits '........
New arrivals
Adjustments
Total, not subject to world-wide numerical limits ' .
New arrivals
Adjustments
Adjustments, IRCA legalization
Total, subject to world-wide numerical limits '
Family-sponsored preferences
Legalization dependents
Employment-based preferences
Diversity
Diversity transition
Total, family-sponsored preferences
Total, family 1st preference
Isl preference, unmarried sons/daughters of U.S. citizens
New arrivals (Fl 1, All)
Adjustments (F16, A16, B16)
1st preference, children of Fl 1, F16, All, A16
New arrivals (F12, A12)
Adjustments (F17, A17)
Total, family 2nd preference ,
Total, subject to country limitations
Total, exempt from country limitations „
2nd preference, spouses of alien residents
Subject to country limitations
New arrivals (F21)
New arrivals, conditional (C21)
Adjustments (F26)
Adjustments, conditional (C26)
Adjustments, conditional (B26)
Exempt from country limitations
New arrivals (BXl)
New arrivals (FXl)
Adjustments (FX6)
Adjustments, conditional (CX6)
Adjustments, self petition (BX6)
2nd preference, children of alien residents
Subject to country limitations
New arrivals (F22)
Adjustments (B27)
Adjustments (F27)
Adjustments, conditional (C27)
Exempt from country limitations
New arrivals (FX2)
Adjustments (FX7)
Adjustments, conditional (CX7)
Adjustments, conditional (BX7)
See foouiotes at end of table.
Total
798378
353376
216,203
137,173
445,002
164,516
277,938
2,548
353376
213,331
64
90,607
49,360
14
213331
22336
17,711
12,046
5,665
4,825
4,294
531
113,681
65,153
48328
31,578
16313
5,633
2
10,656
7
15
15,265
I
8,139
7,119
2
4
50,110
18,458
6,288
2
12,165
3
31,652
20,953
10,696
1
2
Europe
119,871
44375
26,228
18,347
75,296
16,868
58,401
27
44375
7,671
15,121
21,771
12
7,671
1,163
941
590
351
222
180
42
1375
1,228
147
507
452
196
1
253
2
55
20
35
420
344
226
118
76
31
45
Asia
265,812
129,400
85,667
43,733
136,412
74,302
62,024
86
129,400
73,197
4
47,945
8,252
2
73,197
5,688
4,663
3,699
964
1,025
937
88
17,700
16,161
1,539
4,176
3,556
2,524
1
1,031
620
428
192
3,245
2,536
2,015
521
709
585
124
Africa
47,791
23301
18,000
5.501
2430
8,537
15,708
45
23301
3,610
2
3,665
16,224
3,610
935
863
685
178
72
64
8
1,294
1,158
136
350
297
143
153
1
53
20
32
1
409
350
262
59
42
17
Oceania
4342
2,136
1386
750
2^06
939
1,257
10
2,136
811
656
669
811
48
39
21
18
9
4
5
108
90
18
37
26
10
16
1
10
39
34
24
10
5
2
3
North
America
307,488
132,648
72,779
59,869
174,840
50,820
121,699
2,321
132,648
114,403
51
16,807
1387
114,403
11303
8,920
5,486
3,434
2383
2301
282
87,768
41,645
46,123
25,146
10,847
2,244
8385
5
13
14,299
7385
6,709
2
3
44,945
14336
3,293
2
11,040
1
30,609
20,213
10,393
1
2
South
America
52,877
21,021
12,114
8,907
31,856
13,036
18,761
59
21,021
13,613
7
6,355
1,046
13,613
3,194
2,282
1,564
718
912
808
104
5,429
4,864
565
1,357
1,130
511
618
1
227
1
85
141
1,050
856
467
387
2
194
80
114
Unknown
197
95
29
66
102
14
88
95
26
58
11
26
5
3
1
2
2
33
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
South
America
2nd pref, children of 2nd. pref. spouse or child
Subject to country limitations
New arrivals (F23)
Adjustments CF28)
Exempt from country limitations
New arrivals (FX3)
Adjustments (BX8)
Adjustments (FX8)
Adjustments, conditional (CX8)
2nd preference, unmarried sons and daughters of alien residents '
New arrivals (F24)
Adjustments (F29)
Adjustments, conditional (C29)
2nd preference, children of F24, F29, C24, C29 '
New arrivals {F25)
Adjustments (F20)
Total, family 3rd preference
3rd preference, married sons/daughters of U.S. citizens
New arrivals (F31, A31)
New arrivals, conditional (C3I)
Adjustments (F36, A36)
3rd preference, spouses of F31, F36, A31, A36, C31. C36
New arrivals (F32, A32)
New arrivals, conditional (C32)
Adjustments (F37, A37)
Adjustments, conditional (C37)
3rd preference, children of F31, F36, A31, A36, C31, C36
New arrivals (F33, A33)
New arrivals, conditional (C33)
Adjustments (F38, A38)
Total, family 4th preference
4th preference, brothers or sisters of U.S. citizens
New arrivals (F41)
Adjustments, (F46)
4th preference, spouses of F41 and F46
New arrivals (F42)
Adjustments, (F47)
4th preference, children of F41 and F46
New arrivals (F43)
Adjustments (F48)
Total, legalization dependents
Spouses of aliens granted legalization
New arrivals (LBl)
Adjustments (LB6)
Children of aliens granted legalization
New arrivals (LB2)
Adjustments (LB7)
Total, employment-based preferences
Total, employment 1st preference
1st preference, aliens with extraordinary ability
New arrivals (Ell)
Adjustments (E16)
5,287
3,676
3,605
71
1,611
1,568
1
40
2
20,660
15,948
4,710
2
6,046
5,775
271
21,943
5,943
5,351
2
590
5,277
4,864
2
409
2
10,723
10,138
1
584
55,171
18,490
17,054
1,436
13,104
12,512
592
23,577
22,709
868
64
24
I
23
40
2
38
90,607
21,810
1,717
359
1,358
56
40
38
2
16
16
330
208
121
I
62
53
9
3,171
769
699
2
68
806
741
2
63
1,596
1,522
1
73
1,962
555
477
78
402
365
37
1,005
949
56
15,121
6,749
648
130
518
1,491
1,281
1,267
14
210
206
7,395
6,386
1,009
1,393
1,360
33
12,814
3,463
3,299
164
3,063
2,946
117
6,288
6,134
154
36,995
11,951
11,408
543
9,332
9,121
211
15,712
15,398
314
4
2
2
2
47,945
9,261
728
142
586
80
56
55
1
24
24
365
271
94
90
84
6
264
86
67
19
74
63
11
104
93
11
1,117
444
420
24
289
273
16
384
367
17
2
2
3,665
738
80
25
55
25
21
4
2
2
72
14
11
3
19
15
39
36
583
158
144
14
130
123
7
295
285
10
656
334
30
9
21
3,102
1,887
1.837
50
1,215
1,179
1
33
2
10,879
7,802
3,076
1
3.696
3.509
187
3,875
1,084
841
243
881
730
149
2
1.910
1,637
273
11,257
4,177
3,535
642
2,229
1,973
256
4.851
4,440
411
51
18
18
33
1
32
16,807
3,516
153
32
121
553
409
405
4
144
141
1,666
1,260
406
803
767
36
1,746
527
434
93
434
369
65
785
715
70
3,244
1,205
1,070
135
722
657
65
1,317
1,257
60
7
2
1
1
5
1
4
6^55
1,192
77
21
56
See foomoles at end of table.
34
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
South
America
Unknown
1st preference, outstanding professors or researchers
New arrivals (E12)
Adjustments (El 7)
1st preference, multinational executives or managers
New arrivals (E13)
Adjustments (E18)
1st preference, spouses of El 1, EI6. E12, E17, E13, EI8 ...
New arrivals (E14)
Adjustments (E19)
1st preference, children of El I. E16, E12, E17, E13, E18 ..
New arrivals (E15)
Adjustments (ElO)
Total, employment 2Dd preference ,
2nd preference, professionals holding advanced degrees
New arrivals (E2I)
New arrivals (ESI)
Adjustments (E26)
Adjustments (ES6)
2nd preference, spouses of E21, E26
New arrivals (E22)
Adjustments (E27)
2nd preference, children of E21, E26
New arrivals (E23)
Adjustments (E28)
Total, employment 3rd preference
Total, skilled workers, professionals, and their families .
3rd preference, skilled workers
New arrivals (E31)
Adjustments (E36)
3rd preference, professionals with a baccalaureate degree .
New arrivals (E32)
Adjustments (E37)
3rd preference, spouses of E31, E36, E32, E37
New arrivals (E34)
Adjustments (E39)
3rd preference, children of E31, E36, E32, E37
New arrivals (E35)
Adjustments (E30)
3rd preference, Chinese Student Protection Act
Principals, adjustments (EC6)
Spouses, adjustments (EC7)
Children, adjustments (ECS)
Total, unskilled workers and their families
3rd preference, needed unskilled workers
New arrivals (EW3)
Adjustments (EW8)
3rd preference, spouses of EW3, EW8
New arrivals (EW4)
Adjustments (EW9)
3rd preference, children of EW3, EW8
New arrivals CEW5)
Adjustments (EWO)
2,097
60
2,037
5,325
784
4,541
6,212
987
5,225
6,459
1,269
5,190
17,059
8,393
333
1
8.036
23
5,727
294
5,433
2,939
415
2.524
42,596
33,894
10,564
1,387
9,177
3,972
232
3,740
8,830
2,415
6,415
10,386
5.158
5.228
142
132
2
8
8,702
4,036
412
3,624
1,811
486
1,325
2,855
1,570
1,285
597
27
570
1,748
275
1,473
1,836
310
1,526
1,920
320
1,600
2348
1,074
89
1
961
23
625
64
561
649
91
558
5,017
4,741
1,639
358
1,281
561
62
499
1,204
336
868
1.337
644
693
276
153
15
138
64
15
49
59
26
33
1.233
20
1.213
2,058
281
1,777
2,864
437
2.427
2,378
558
1,820
12337
6,307
128
6,179
4,494
143
4,351
1.536
167
1.369
21,946
19,902
5,528
687
4.841
2.718
109
2,609
5,409
1,756
3,653
6.106
3.505
2,601
141
132
2
7
2,044
798
263
535
523
283
240
723
522
201
81
2
79
167
25
142
189
42
147
221
66
155
656
322
30
292
169
20
149
165
32
133
1,640
1,495
473
91
382
212
33
179
335
89
246
475
206
269
145
81
9
72
24
3
21
40
19
21
28
28
91
14
77
88
II
77
97
13
84
55
31
2
29
10
10
14
14
204
200
79
26
53
32
6
26
39
7
32
50
19
31
100
5
95
933
163
770
905
154
751
1,425
261
1,164
1,202
430
76
354
287
61
226
485
120
365
9,772
4,865
1,897
149
1,748
315
18
297
1,160
128
1,032
1,493
449
1,044
4,907
2,406
85
2,321
911
134
777
1,590
778
812
56
6
50
319
26
293
325
33
292
415
51
364
448
221
8
213
139
6
133
88
5
83
3,998
2,673
942
76
866
130
3
127
679
98
581
921
335
586
I
1325
597
39
558
288
51
237
440
222
218
13
8
19
18
6
6
4
1
3
4
1
3
4
See footnotes at end of table.
35
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
South
America
Total, employment 4th preference, special immigrants
Total, ministers, spouses, and children
Ministers
New arrivals (SDl)
Adjustments (SD6)
Spouses of ministers
New arrivals (SD2)
Adjustments {SD7)
Children of ministers
New arrivals (SD3)
Adjustments (SD8)
Total, employees of U^. gov. abroad, spouses & children
Employees of U.S. government abroad
New arrivals (SEI)
Spouses of employees of U.S. government abroad
New arrivals (SE2)
Children of employees of U.S. government abroad
New arrivals (SE3)
Adjustments (SE8)
Total, Panama Canal Act (P.L. 96-70)
Accompanying spouses or children of SFl and SF6 (certain
former employees of the PC Company and CZ government)
New arrivals (SF2)
Adjustments (SF7)
Certain former employees of U.S. government in Panama CZ ...
New arrivals (SGI)
Accompanying spouses or children of SGI and SG6
New arrivals (SG2)
Certain employees of PC Co. or CZ government on 4/1/79
Adjustments (SH6)
Total, retired employees of international organizations
and their families
Retired employees of international organizations
New arrivals (SKI)
Adjustments (SK6)
Accompanying spouses of SKI or SK6
New arrivals (SK2)
Adjustments (SK7)
Unmarried children of SKI or SK6
New arrivals (SK3)
Adjustments (SK8)
Surviving spouses of employees of international organizations ..
Adjustments (SK9)
Total, juvenile court dependents
Adjustments (SL6)
Total, aliens serving in U.S. Armed Forces, spouses, & children
Served in U.S. Armed Forces for 12 years (elig. after 10/1/91) ..
New arrivals (SMI)
Adjustments (SM6)
Spouses of SMI orSM6
New arrivals (SM2)
Adjustments (SM7)
Children of SMI orSM6
New arrivals (SM3)
Adjustments (SMS)
7,781
1,555
621
155
466
355
136
219
579
244
335
638
191
191
148
148
299
296
3
42
2
1
1
16
16
23
23
1
1
334
111
6
105
25
1
24
197
5
192
1
1
430
430
77
19
9
10
20
9
II
22
19
3
939
154
70
23
47
33
15
18
51
33
18
26
7
7
6
6
13
13
67
18
2
16
6
1
5
42
1
41
1
11
11
3,159
712
296
83
213
163
74
89
253
126
127
421
120
120
103
103
198
196
2
117
40
I
39
11
II
66
2
64
17
17
75
19
9
10
19
8
II
21
18
3
627
177
70
7
63
40
6
34
67
15
52
55
15
15
32
31
1
61
20
2
18
3
3
38
38
63
13
7
3
4
3
1
2
3
3
2,296
366
131
31
100
88
35
53
147
54
93
123
46
46
28
28
49
49
41
691
128
47
8
39
27
5
22
54
12
42
4
2
2
2
2
2
1
-
1
15
1
15
1
23
-
23
-
1
-
1
-
29
59
II
21
11
20
1
4
1
4
17
34
16
33
384
9
384
9
See footnotes at end of table.
36
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
South
America
Unlcnown
Served in U.S. Anned Forces for 12 years (elig. before 10/1/91)
New arrivals (SM4)
Adjustments (SM9)
Spouses or children of SM4 or SM9
New arrivals (SMS)
Adjustments (SMO)
Total, religious workers and their families
Religious workers
New arrivals (SRI)
Adjustments (SR6)
Spouses of SR 1 or SR6
New arrivals (SR2)
Adjustments (SR7)
Children of SRI or SR6
New arrivals (SR3)
Adjustments (SR8)
Total, employment 5th preference
5th preference, employment creation, not in targeted area
New arrivals, conditional (C51)
Adjustments, conditional (C56)
Adjustments, conditional (R56)
5th preference, spouses of C5I, C56, R56
New arrivals, conditional (C52)
New arrivals, conditional (R52)
Adjustments, conditional (C57)
5th preference, children of C51, C56, R56
New arrivals, conditional (C53)
New arrivals, conditional (R53)
Adjustments, conditional (C58)
5th preference, employment creation, targeted area
New arrivals, conditional (151)
New arrivals, conditional (T51)
Adjustments, conditional (156)
Adjustments, conditional (T56)
5th preference, spouses of T51, T56
New arrivals, conditional (152)
New arrivals, conditional (T52)
Adjustments, conditional (157)
Adjustments, conditional (T57)
5th preference, children of T5I,T56
New arrivals, conditional (153)
New arrivals, conditional (T53)
Adjustments, conditional (158)
Adjustments, conditional (T58)
Total, diversity
Principals
New arrivals (DVl)
Adjustments (DV6)
Spouses of DVl, DV6
New arrivals (DV2)
Adjustments (DV7)
Children of DVl, DV6
New arrivals (DV3)
Adjustments (DV8)
Total, diversity transition
5
2
3
II
5
6
4,705
2,258
202
2,056
974
162
812
1,473
356
1,117
1361
129
53
75
I
87
38
I
48
124
62
I
61
315
5
248
3
59
227
I
192
3
31
479
4
416
3
56
49360
24,185
18,407
5,778
11,672
9,659
2,013
13,503
12,067
1,436
14
680
356
54
302
153
41
112
171
62
109
68
22
4
18
7
I
6
7
7
14
5
3
2
13
4
9
21,771
10,057
7,043
3,014
5,358
4,230
1,128
6,356
5,586
770
12
5
2
3
II
5
6
1,817
885
81
804
379
52
327
553
110
443
1,242
97
47
49
I
72
36
I
35
107
62
1
44
295
5
242
1
47
217
I
188
I
27
454
4
409
1
40
8,252
4,270
3,419
851
1,781
1,511
270
2,201
2,035
166
325
184
7
177
61
12
49
80
15
65
4
1
16,224
8,509
7,174
1,335
3,804
3,430
374
3,911
3,653
258
39
21
4
17
8
4
4
10
3
7
669
279
208
71
143
120
23
247
215
32
1353
606
38
568
259
40
219
488
132
356
21
6
2
4
5
1
4
3
1387
570
386
184
342
274
68
475
401
74
490
205
18
187
114
13
101
171
34
137
26
3
I
7
1,046
493
173
320
242
93
149
311
177
134
11
7
4
3
2
1
I
2
See foouiotes at end of table.
37
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
South
America
Unknown
Natives of certain foreign states
New arrivals (AAl)
Adjustments (AA6)
Spouses of AAl, AA6
New arrivals (AA2)
Children of AAl, AA6
New arrivals (AA3)
Total, not subject to world-wide numerical limits '
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
Children bom abroad to alien residents
Amerasians (P.L. 100-202)
Employees of U.S. businesses in Hong Kong and their families ....
IRCA legalization adjustments
Refugee and asylee adjustments
Other adjustments
Other new arrivals
Total, immediate relatives of U.S. citizens '
Total, spouses of U.S. citizens
New arrivals (IBl)
New arrivals (IRl)
New arrivals, conditional (CRl)
New arrivals, widow or widower (fWI)
Adjustments (1R6)
Adjustments (1B6)
Adjustments, conditional (CR6)
Adjustments, entered as a fiance(e) (IFl)
Adjustments, entered as a fiance(e), conditional (CFI)
Adjustments, widow or widower (rW6)
Total, children of U.S. citizens
New arrivals (1R2, ARl)
New arrivals, conditional (CR2)
New arrivals, entered as child or widow(er) (IW2)
Adjustments (1R7, AR6)
Adjustments (1B7)
Adjustments, child of IBl or 1B6 (1B8)
Adjustments, conditional (CR7)
Adjustments, entered as child of a fiance(e) (IF2)
Adjustments, entered as child of a riance(e), conditional (CF2)
Adjustments, entered as child or widow(er) (1W7)
Total, orphans
Orphans adopted abroad
New arrivals (1R3)
Adjustments (1R8)
Orphans to be adopted
New arrivals (1R4)
Adjustments (1R9)
Total, parents of adult U.S. citizens
New arrivals (IRS)
Adjustments (IRO)
Children bom abroad to alien residents (NA3)
Total, Amerasians (P.L. 100-202)
Amerasians, bom in Vietnam from 1/1/62-1/1^6
New arrivals (AMI)
Spouses or children of AM 1 or AM6
New arrivals (AM2)
Mothers, guardians, or next-of-kin of AMI or AM6
New arrivals (AM3)
See footnotes at end of table.
1
3
3
2
2
445,002
321,008
1,432
738
42
2,548
112,158
6,712
364
321,008
170,263
3
21,593
29,988
55
45,249
155
67,330
95
5,711
84
76,631
33,406
6,691
22
19.163
19
8
4,161
19
529
17
12,596
8,569
8,544
25
4,027
4,020
7
74,114
57,618
16,496
1,432
738
197
197
335
335
206
206
2
2
2
2
75,296
33,463
319
27
39,795
1,661
31
33,463
21,634
2,922
4,668
6
2,932
21
9,848
11
1,219
7
8,527
1,352
865
732
1
467
4
190
4,916
4,198
4,195
3
718
716
2
3302
1,794
1,508
319
136,412
103,058
498
738
41
86
30,835
1,109
47
103,058
46,907
8,955
15,284
28
6,305
31
13,235
64
2,992
13
21,024
11,027
1,537
12
1,940
2
3
416
12
174
5,901
3,340
3.335
5
2,561
2,558
3
35,127
30,242
4,885
498
738
197
197
335
335
206
206
24,290
16,293
64
45
7,651
224
13
16,293
9,715
1
1,100
2,105
1
1,826
U
4,315
6
345
5
3,590
2,646
256
472
71
9
136
87
86
1
49
49
2,988
2,216
772
64
2,206
2,088
19
1
10
59
28
1
2,088
1,647
273
397
1
258
1
650
1
66
234
93
32
80
22
4
3
2
2
1
1
207
119
88
19
174,840
135,541
454
2,321
32.898
3,358
268
135441
72,725
2
6,901
4,857
15
30,216
71
29,809
8
796
50
35,825
15,348
2,538
10
14,486
14
4
2,163
2
106
15
1,139
491
480
11
648
646
2
26,991
19,301
7,690
454
31,856
30,496
78
59
890
329
4
30,496
17,582
1,434
2,675
4
3,703
20
9,439
5
293
9
7,426
2,938
1,463
1,453
2
1
1,019
I
46
2
501
451
446
5
50
50
5,488
3,944
1,544
78
38
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
South
America
Unknown
Total, employees of VS. businesses in Hong Kong and their families
Employees of U.S. businesses in Hong Kong
New arrivals (HKI)
Spouses of HKI, HK6
New arrivals (HK2)
Children of HKI, HK6
New arrivals (HK3)
Total, IRCA legalization adjustments
Entered without inspection before 1/1/82 (WI6)
Entered as nonimmigrant and overstayed before 1/1/82 (W26)
Blanket EVD group (W36)
Special Agricultural Workers (SAW), working in 1984-86 (SI6) ..
Special Agricultural Workers (SAW), working in 1986 (S26)
Total, refugee and asylee adjustments
Total, Cuban refugees (P.L. 89-732)
Cuban refugees (CU6)
Non-Cuban spouses or children of Cuban refugees (CU7)
Total, Indochinese refugees (P.L. 95-145)
Indochinese refugees (1C6)
Refugee parolees (P.L. 95-412) (R86)
Total, refugees (P.L. 96-212)
Refugees (RE6)
Spouses of refugees (RE7)
Children of refugees (RES)
Other persons deriving refugee status (RE9)
Total, asylees (P.L. 96-212)
Asylees(AS6)
Spouses of asylees (AS7)
Children of asylees (ASS)
Total, other adjustments
Cuban/Haitian entrants (P.L. 99-603) (CH6)
Individuals bom under diplomatic status in U.S. (DSl)
Total, former H-1 nurses (P.L. 101-238)
Accompanying spouse or child of RN6 (nurses) (RN7)
Parolees, Polish/Hungarian (PH6)
Parolees, Soviet Union or Indochina (LA6)
Presumed admitted for lawful permanent residence (XB3)
Section 13 (P.L. 85-316) (Z83)
Section 249, entered before 7/1/24 (Z33)
Section 249, entered 7/1/24-6/28/40(203)
Section 249, entered 6/29/40-1/1/72 (Z66)
Suspension of deportation — other than crewman. Section 244 (Z13) '
Total, other new arrivals
American Indians bom in Canada (SI3)
Total, children born subsequent to issuance of visa
Parent's visa type is unknown (XA3)
Parent's visa type is family-sponsored preference (XF3)
Parent's visa type is employment-based preference (XE3)
Parent's visa type is immediate relative (XR3)
Parent's visa type is not family-sponsored, employment-based or
immediate relative (XN3)
42
19
19
II
II
12
12
2,548
1.166
25S
15
23
1,086
112,158
27,967
27.349
618
3
3
74,079
42,262
11,327
20,386
104
10,106
6.501
1.231
2.374
6,712
10
10
1
1
20
1,844
3
I
2
1
192
4,628
364
250
114
I
28
7
30
48
27
2
20
5
39,795
64
22
42
37,866
20,315
7,146
10,341
64
1,863
1,160
291
412
1,661
20
1,329
21
290
31
I
30
4
I
17
41
19
19
II
II
II
II
86
S
50
2
26
30,835
9
6
3
3
3
1
27,944
16,125
3,737
8.056
26
2,878
1.656
402
820
1,109
1
1
I
512
3
28
564
47
47
I
12
5
12
17
45
2
29
10
1
3
7,651
4
I
3
5,262
3,320
261
1,679
2
2385
1,689
245
451
224
II
213
13
13
1
4
8
10
2
4
4
59
59
24
10
25
28
2
26
1
1
2,321
1,127
133
20
1,041
32,898
27,549
27,284
265
2,995
2.494
183
306
12
2,354
1,660
199
495
3,358
10
9
I
1
I
I
119
3,217
268
249
19
9
5
5
59
25
22
12
890
319
14
305
562
307
84
171
329
II
318
30
22
22
' World-wide numerical limits include family-sponsored preferences, legalization dependents, employmenl-based preferences, and diversity programs.
' Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens in previous editions of the Slatislical Yearbook are included with admissions not subject to a numerical cap. Immediate relatives
may immigrate without limit but the number affects the limit set for fainily-sponsored preference immigrants. ' Subject to country limitations. ' Became
cancellation of removal effective April 1. 1997 with the implementation of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) of 1996.
NOTE: Symbol enclosed in parentheses is the visa or adjustment code. - Represents zero.
TABLE 6. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY CLASS OF ADMISSION AND REGION AND SELECTED
FOREIGN STATE OF CHARGEABILITY UNDER THE PREFERENCE CATEGORIES
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Region and
Family-sponsored preferences
Employment-based preferences
foreign state
Total
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
of chargeability
Total
pref.
pref.
pref.
pref
Total
pref
pref.
pref
pref
pref.
All countries
303^38
213331
22,536
113,681
21,943
55,171
90,607
21,810
17,059
42,596
7,781
1361
Europe
22,055
7,666
1,189
1,258
3,172
2,047
14389
6,290
2,193
4,876
958
72
Albania
484
464
21
1
440
2
20
9
-
10
1
-
Bulgaria
323
32
12
9
7
4
291
123
61
99
8
-
Czechoslovakia,
former
183
46
10
12
20
4
137
52
39
42
3
1
Czech RepubUc
11
3
1
2
-
-
8
4
1
3
-
-
Slovak RepubUc
74
24
5
4
15
-
50
16
10
23
1
-
Unknown rep. ..
98
19
4
6
5
4
79
32
28
16
2
1
France
833
147
29
37
30
51
686
369
100
183
30
4
Germany
1,137
133
28
24
51
30
1,004
579
136
225
60
4
Hungary
231
37
14
5
5
13
194
100
49
35
10
-
Ireland
206
38
8
6
11
13
168
73
15
54
26
-
Italy
584
159
19
33
31
76
425
176
53
166
30
-
Netherlands
375
68
18
18
15
17
307
148
45
98
16
-
Poland
5,122
3,525
535
616
2,024
350
1,597
125
126
1.099
247
-
Portugal
1,053
690
18
86
11
575
363
27
7
319
7
3
Portugal
936
586
17
73
9
487
350
23
6
314
7
-
Macau
117
104
1
13
2
88
13
4
1
5
-
3
Romania
817
347
64
23
138
122
470
54
97
222
97
-
Soviet Union, fmr.
3,180
235
92
63
70
10
2,945
1,256
775
723
155
36
Armenia
291
37
14
13
8
2
254
45
16
189
4
-
Azerbaijan
49
5
4
-
1
44
16
9
19
-
-
Belarus
65
2
2
-
-
63
24
15
17
7
-
Georgia
65
5
2
2
-
1
60
31
17
7
5
-
Russia
1,854
103
42
26
29
6
1,751
842
535
292
54
28
Ukraine
453
65
22
19
23
1
388
130
78
112
68
-
Uzbekistan
35
7
1
1
5
-
28
8
5
9
6
-
Other republics
110
7
3
-
4
-
103
50
20
23
6
4
Unknown rep. ..
258
4
2
2
-
-
254
110
80
55
5
4
Switzerland
299
34
10
9
5
10
265
169
18
62
11
5
United Kingdom
4,878
900
222
171
135
372
3,978
2,304
401
1,107
153
13
Yugoslavia, former
815
438
31
76
112
219
377
89
98
148
42
-
Bosnia-
Herzegovina
45
25
2
2
7
14
20
7
4
5
4
-
Other, unknown
770
413
29
74
105
205
357
82
94
143
38
-
Other Europe
1,535
373
58
69
67
179
1,162
637
173
284
62
6
Asia
117303
71380
5,658
16,107
12,806
36,809
45,923
8,756
11,482
21350
3,099
1,236
Bangladesh
2,063
1,579
105
762
112
600
484
57
136
230
61
-
Burma
580
521
28
90
49
354
59
6
19
18
16
-
China, People's Rep.
24,711
11,201
542
2,791
1,513
6,355
13,510
3,489
4,471
5,036
88
426
Hong Kong
3,193
2,257
141
438
212
1,466
936
235
120
466
31
84
India
22,648
13,903
664
2,601
1,445
9,193
8,745
1,515
3,842
2,984
386
18
Indonesia
302
162
20
43
19
80
140
28
17
53
27
15
Iran
2,684
1,742
161
633
118
830
942
91
153
663
24
11
Iraq
610
481
57
72
126
226
129
21
42
60
6
-
Israel
997
264
44
63
47
110
733
199
83
331
116
4
Japan
1,761
158
19
72
27
40
1,603
927
90
474
101
11
Jordan
1,382
1,142
81
302
228
531
240
36
88
84
29
3
Korea
8,589
3,973
239
885
283
2,566
4,616
597
116
2,447
1,193
263
Lebanon
1,537
1,172
149
426
184
413
365
31
75
241
13
5
Malaysia
453
144
7
44
11
82
309
51
47
195
13
3
Pakistan
5,611
4,108
297
1,325
338
2,148
1,503
177
586
588
142
10
Philippines
22,894
16,030
1,642
3,791
6,335
4,262
6,864
224
420
5,645
570
5
Sri Lanka
492
923
189
622
18
34
37
176
26
109
108
303
303
301
28
13
79
143
176
114
20
31
-
Syria
-
Taiwan
4,517
1,829
219
428
93
1,089
2,688
731
732
789
69
367
See footnotes at end of table.
40
TABLE 6. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY CLASS OF ADMISSION AND REGION AND SELECTED
FOREIGN STATE OF CHARGEABILITY UNDER THE PREFERENCE CATEGORIES
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Region and
Family-sponsored preferences
Employment-based preferences
foreign state
Total
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
ofchargeability
Total
pref.
pref.
pref.
pref.
Total
pref.
pref.
pref.
pref.
pref.
1
Thailand
562
340
40
136
26
138
222
10
12
156
44
-
Turkey
617
166
13
82
16
55
451
136
62
225
27
1
Vietnam
8.078
372
7,978
361
822
118
627
55
1,056
164
5.473
24
100
11
7
2
16
4
56
4
21
1
-
Yemen
-
Other Asia
1,727
7,072
1,058
3,601
198
941
228
I.ISS
269
257
363
1,248
669
3,471
145
652
129
632
315
1,587
70
596
10
Africa
4
Algeria
71
15
2
4
5
4
56
15
17
21
3
-
Cameroon
89
27
13
11
1
2
62
9
15
26
12
-
Cape Verde
337
320
25
201
3
91
17
2
1
12
2
-
Egypt
1,370
861
50
154
101
556
509
105
101
237
66
-
Eritrea
36
25
13
10
-
2
11
2
1
5
3
-
Ethiopia
267
170
67
85
10
8
97
9
14
42
32
-
Ghana
798
583
350
170
32
31
215
17
51
83
64
-
Kenya
326
199
10
27
11
151
127
30
38
36
23
-
Liberia
312
224
144
59
12
9
88
9
7
35
37
-
Morroco
183
80
7
46
5
22
103
20
17
56
10
-
Nigeria
935
326
104
197
16
9
609
79
137
273
120
-
Sierra Leone
209
141
92
42
3
4
68
2
14
45
7
-
South Africa
986
160
13
19
24
104
826
226
81
442
73
4
Sudan
59
18
3
8
1
6
41
13
17
11
-
-
Other Africa
1,094
452
48
122
33
249
642
114
121
263
144
-
Oceania
1,427
792
51
91
68
582
635
309
51
208
67
•
Australia
505
39
13
14
10
2
466
249
39
144
34
-
Hji
653
631
16
40
37
538
22
4
3
4
11
-
Other Oceania
269
122
22
37
21
42
147
56
9
60
22
-
North America ....
84315
67,957
11,422
41,473
3,859
11,203
16358
3312
1,154
9,646
2^32
14
Canada
6,206
910
212
138
212
348
5,296
2,818
967
1,310
192
9
Mexico
30.734
27,694
2,441
18,599
1,709
4,945
3,040
343
56
2,044
592
5
Caribbean
31,530
28,154
6,818
15,108
1,452
4,776
3376
86
102
2,208
980
-
Barbados
383
274
103
85
36
50
109
2
2
91
14
-
Cuba
1,169
1,119
781
74
136
128
50
3
3
6
38
-
Dominican Rep.
11,249
11,026
1,193
7,883
417
1,533
223
24
14
67
118
-
Haiti
5.714
5,418
1,011
3,621
121
665
296
-
8
114
174
-
Jamaica
8,254
7,305
2,626
2,591
368
1,720
949
22
18
564
345
-
Trinidad &
Tobago
2,982
1,660
596
382
306
376
1,322
20
41
1,035
226
-
Other Caribbean
1,779
1,352
508
472
68
304
427
15
16
331
65
-
Central America
15,845
11,199
1,951
7,628
486
1,134
4,646
65
29
4,084
468
-
El Salvador
8,115
5,363
708
4,246
82
327
2,752
9
7
2,636
100
-
Guatemala
3,067
2,188
252
1,628
64
244
879
14
1
760
104
-
Honduras
2,218
1,881
476
1,027
155
223
337
11
2
272
52
-
Nicaragua
1,321
965
274
462
75
154
356
9
-
293
54
-
Panama
512
336
131
93
41
71
176
5
8
50
113
-
Other C. America
612
466
110
172
69
115
146
17
11
73
45
-
South America ....
19,045
13,001
3,179
4,847
1,739
3,236
6,044
1,075
428
3,859
658
24
Argentina
821
237
54
68
34
81
584
149
86
268
76
5
Bolivia
725
245
54
133
8
50
480
23
11
438
8
-
Brazil
1,546
385
80
213
38
54
1,161
421
67
527
139
7
ChUe
449
224
40
74
44
66
225
43
14
139
25
4
Colombia
3,667
2,839
835
927
314
763
828
97
62
557
108
4
Ecuador
2,865
2,204
358
1,243
199
404
661
20
18
585
35
3
Guyana
4,650
4,134
1,103
1,035
825
1,171
516
23
10
383
100
-
Peru
3,206
2,352
541
1,012
227
572
854
50
85
644
74
1
Venezuela
784
244
89
83
39
33
540
228
53
187
72
-
Other S. America
332
137
25
59
11
42
195
21
22
131
21
-
No country limitation
48,520
48,520
-
48,520
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Unknown
4,201
414
96
230
42
46
3,787
1,416
1,119
1,070
171
11
- Represents zero.
41
TABLE 7. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY TYPE OF ADMISSION AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Immigrants admitted
New arrivals
Adjustments
Region and country
Subject to
Not subject
Subject to
Not subject
Subject to
Not subject
of birth
Total
worldwide
to worldwide
Total
worldwide
to worldwide
Total
worldwide
to worldwide
limits '
limits'
hmits '
limits '
Umits '
limits"
All countries
798378
353376
445,002
380,719
216,203
164316
417,659
137,173
280,486
Europe
119371
44,575
75^96
43,096
26,228
16,868
76,775
18347
58,428
Albania
4,375
3,954
421
4,159
3,895
264
216
59
157
Bulgaria
2,774
2,181
593
2,042
1,715
327
732
466
266
France
2,568
1,151
1,417
767
324
443
1.801
827
974
Germany
5,723
2,252
3,471
2,817
1.083
1.734
2.906
1.169
1.737
Greece
1,049
402
647
510
210
300
539
192
347
Hungary
949
397
552
388
135
253
561
262
299
Ireland
1,001
614
387
519
371
148
482
243
239
Italy
1,982
822
1,160
631
292
339
1.351
530
821
Lithuania
812
448
364
436
283
153
376
165
211
Netherlands
1,059
489
570
327
116
211
732
373
359
Poland
12,038
8,640
3,398
7,320
5.949
1.371
4.718
2.691
2.027
Portugal
1,665
1,122
543
825
609
216
840
513
327
Romania
5,545
3,214
2,331
3,877
2.571
1.306
1.668
643
1,025
Soviet Union, former ...
49,071
8,659
40,412
9,955
4.570
5.385
39.116
4.089
35,027
Armenia
2,094
1,189
905
995
898
97
1.099
291
808
Azerbaijan
1,450
209
1,241
171
130
41
1.279
79
1,200
Belarus
3,062
306
2,756
294
174
120
2.768
132
2,636
Georgia
812
243
569
189
128
61
623
115
508
Russia
16,632
3,588
13,044
5,761
1.400
4.361
10.871
2.188
8,683
Ukraine
15,696
2,216
13,480
1.847
1.390
457
13.849
826
13,023
Uzbekistan
3,312
235
3,077
207
157
50
3.105
78
3,027
Other republics
3,069
484
2,585
489
292
197
2.580
192
2,388
Unknown republic
2,944
189
2,755
2
1
1
2.942
188
2,754
Spain
1,241
360
881
436
106
330
805
254
551
Sweden
958
371
587
447
172
275
511
199
312
Switzerland
1,063
634
429
572
363
209
491
271
220
United Kingdom
10,708
5,394
5,314
3.385
1.698
1,687
7.323
3.696
3,627
Yugoslavia, former
10,750
1,510
9,240
1.761
869
892
8.989
641
8,348
Bosnia-Herzegovina ..
6,392
90
6,302
132
62
70
6.260
28
6,232
Other & unknown
4,358
1,420
2,938
1.629
807
822
2.729
613
2,116
4,540
1,961
2,579
1,922
897
1,025
2.618
1.064
1,554
Asia
265,812
129,400
136,412
159,969
85,667
74302
105,843
43,733
62,110
Afghanistan
1,129
251
878
570
186
384
559
65
494
Bangladesh
8,681
5,186
3,495
7,266
4.350
2,916
1.415
836
579
Burma
1,085
744
341
831
644
187
254
100
154
Cambodia
1,638
262
1,376
1,166
189
977
472
73
399
China, People's Rep
41,147
24,623
16,524
27,852
14.972
12.880
13.295
9.651
3,644
Hong Kong
5,577
4,321
1,256
4.069
3.497
572
1.508
824
684
India
38,071
23,548
14,523
25.160
14.526
10.634
12,911
9.022
3,889
Indonesia
906
411
495
439
208
231
467
203
264
Iran
9,642
3,109
6,533
5,406
1.916
3,490
4,236
1.193
3,043
Iraq
3,244
668
2,576
1,165
529
636
2.079
139
1,940
Israel
2,448
1,078
1,370
842
334
508
1.606
744
862
Japan
5,097
2,146
2,951
1,882
626
1,256
3.215
1.520
1,695
Jordan
4,171
1,477
2,694
3,139
1,182
1,957
1.032
295
737
Korea
14,239
8,802
5,437
7,541
4,478
3,063
6.698
4.324
2,374
Kuwait
837
413
424
446
253
193
391
160
231
Laos
1,935
147
1,788
276
91
185
1.659
56
1,603
Lebanon
3,568
1,593
1,975
2,274
1,091
1,183
1.294
502
792
Malaysia
1,051
514
537
334
158
176
717
356
361
Pakistan
12,967
7,266
5,701
8,918
5,470
3,448
4.049
1.796
2,253
Phihppines
49,117
23,289
25,828
35,580
16,945
18.635
13.537
6.344
7,193
Saudi Arabia
815
1.128
2,269
478
788
957
337
340
1,312
454
627
1,362
354
476
622
100
151
740
361
501
907
124
312
335
237
Sri Lanka
189
Syria
572
Taiwan
6,745
4,794
1,951
2,554
1,854
700
4,191
2.940
1,251
Thailand
3,094
642
2,452
1,051
370
681
2.043
272
1,771
Turkey
3,145
2,011
1,134
2,086
1,484
602
1.059
527
532
Vietnam
38,519
8,270
30,249
14,108
7,719
6.389
24,411
551
23,860
Yemen
1,663
404
1,259
1,484
360
1,124
179
44
135
Other Asia
1,884
1.208
676
1,087
783
304
797
425
372
See footnoles al end of table.
42
TABLE 7. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY TYPE OF ADMISSION AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Region and country
of birth
Immigrants admitted
Total
Subject to
worldwide
limits '
Not subject
to worldwide
limits'
New arrivals
Total
Subject to
worldwide
limits '
Not subject
to worldwide
limits '
Adjustments
Total
Subject to
worldwide
limits '
Not subject
to worldwide
limits'
Africa „.».«
Algeria
Cameroon
Cape Verde ...
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Niger
Nigeria
Sierra Leone .
Somalia
South A&ica .
Sudan
Other Africa .
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand ..
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean „.
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic ..
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad & Tobago ....
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America ...
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Venezuela
Other South America ...
Unknown or not reported
47,791
717
898
920
5.031
6,852
5,105
1,387
2,216
2,359
837
7,038
1,884
4,005
2,093
2,030
4,419
4342
1,630
1,549
655
508
307,488
11,609
146,865
105,299
829
33,587
746
27,053
755
15,057
17,840
6,409
3,023
43,676
664
1,330
17,969
7,785
7,616
6,331
1,981
39
52,877
1,964
1,734
4,583
1,443
13,004
7,780
7,257
10,853
3,328
931
197
23,501
442
521
388
3,018
3,743
3,212
687
851
1,282
237
3,568
1,108
220
1,447
711
2,066
2,136
652
1,075
243
166
132,648
6,592
72,124
35,858
388
2,004
313
11,824
389
7,870
8,480
3,198
1,392
18,068
330
341
9,281
3,462
2,576
1,531
547
6
21,021
989
799
1,858
498
3,850
3,255
4,710
3,659
1,004
399
95
24^90
275
377
532
2,013
3,109
1,893
700
1,365
1,077
600
3,470
776
3,785
646
1,319
2,353
2,206
978
474
412
342
174,840
5,017
74,741
69,441
441
31,583
433
15,229
366
7,187
9,360
3,211
1,631
25,608
334
989
8,688
4,323
5,040
4,800
1,434
33
31,856
975
935
2,725
945
9,154
4,525
2,547
7,194
2,324
532
102
26,537
384
507
710
3,542
4,724
3,703
599
1,070
1,534
5
4,835
1,288
312
901
719
1,704
2,325
656
1,205
278
186
123,599
3,191
52,419
48,730
356
2,355
390
20,191
360
9,304
11,575
2,813
1,386
19,250
326
549
8,699
3,091
4,036
1,291
1,258
9
25,150
453
559
1,021
479
6,037
4,692
5,510
5.234
823
342
43
18,000
319
401
348
2.303
3.446
2,708
454
630
1.078
2
2,908
913
198
645
601
1,046
1386
213
972
98
103
72,779
1,857
33,581
29,241
228
1.755
231
11,143
208
6,319
6,943
1.586
828
8,096
200
152
4,048
1,279
1,605
444
368
4
12,114
233
211
384
175
2,271
2.349
3,933
2,125
286
147
29
8,537
65
106
362
1,239
1,278
995
145
440
456
3
1,927
375
114
256
118
658
939
443
233
180
83
50,820
1.334
18.838
19,489
128
600
159
9,048
152
2,985
4.632
1,227
558
11,154
126
397
4,651
1,812
2,431
847
890
5
13,036
220
348
637
304
3.766
2.343
1,577
3,109
537
195
14
21,254
333
391
210
1,489
2,128
1,402
788
1.146
825
832
2,203
596
3,693
1,192
1,311
2,715
2,017
974
344
377
322
183,889
8,418
94,446
56^69
473
31.232
356
6,862
395
5,753
6,265
3.596
1,637
24,426
338
781
9,270
4.694
3,580
5,040
723
30
27,727
1,511
1.175
3,562
964
6,967
3,088
1,747
5.619
2.505
589
154
5,501
123
120
40
715
297
504
233
221
204
235
660
195
22
802
110
1.020
750
439
103
145
63
59,869
4.735
38.543
6,617
160
249
82
681
181
1.551
1.537
1,612
564
9,972
130
189
5.233
2,183
971
1,087
179
2
8,907
756
588
1,474
323
1,579
906
777
1.534
718
252
66
15,753
210
271
170
774
1,831
898
555
925
621
597
1,543
401
3.671
390
1,201
1,695
1,267
535
241
232
259
124,020
3,683
55,903
49,952
313
30,983
274
6.181
214
4,202
4,728
1,984
1,073
14,454
208
592
4,037
2,511
2,609
3,953
544
28
18,820
755
587
2,088
641
5.388
2.182
970
4,085
1,787
337
88
' World-wide numerical limits include family-sponsored preferences, legalization dependents, employment-based preferences, and diversity programs.
' Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens in previous editions of the Slalislical Yearbook are included with admissions not subject to a numerical cap. Immediate relatives
may immigrate without limit but the number affects the limit set for family-sponsored preference immigrants.
43
TABLE 8. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Region and
country of birth
Total
Family-
spon-
sored
prefer-
ences
Employ-
ment-
based
prefer-
ences
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
Total
Spouses
Children
Parents
Refugee
and
asylee
adjust-
ments
Diversity
program
IRCA
legaliza-
tion
Suspen-
sion of
depor-
tation
All countries .
Europe
Albania
Bulgaria
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet U., former .
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other repubhcs .
Unknown rep. ...
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom ..
Yugoslavia, former
Bosnia-
Herzegovina ...
Other, unknown
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, People's Rep.
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
798378
119,871
4,375
2,774
2,568
5,723
1,049
949
1,001
1,982
812
1,059
12,038
1,665
5,545
49,071
2,094
1,450
3,062
812
16,632
15,696
3,312
3,069
2,944
1,241
958
1,063
10,708
10,750
6,392
4,358
4,540
265,812
1,129
8,681
1,085
1,638
41,147
5,577
38,071
906
9,642
3,244
2,448
5,097
4,171
14,239
837
1.935
3,568
1,051
12,967
49,117
815
1,128
2,269
6,745
3,094
3,145
21331
7,671
460
36
146
164
168
39
40
172
12
56
3,573
621
350
232
34
9
5
4
92
69
8
9
2
69
30
32
865
443
24
419
163
73,197
167
1,614
500
230
10,643
2,885
14,229
171
1,815
486
230
161
1,217
4,086
247
129
1,169
151
4,392
16,196
199
196
611
1,928
369
171
90,607
15,121
20
302
727
1,098
145
196
175
439
47
323
1,649
351
486
3,068
254
66
78
75
1,749
487
50
134
175
201
212
263
4,208
397
19
378
814
47,945
27
490
64
27
13,939
1,096
9,204
147
979
134
756
1,704
231
4,710
123
16
379
329
1,576
7,075
150
324
313
2,854
236
455
321,008
33,463
340
517
1,364
3,344
629
516
360
1,126
274
557
3,103
519
1,994
8,207
277
102
242
125
5,780
1,107
123
355
96
839
575
421
5,176
1,494
94
1,400
2,108
103,058
516
3,373
256
1,192
15,781
1,151
13,926
473
4,875
789
1,306
2,911
2,611
5,381
370
405
1,848
500
5,326
25,506
181
285
1,131
1,889
1.304
1,088
170,263
21,634
219
260
1,188
2,830
467
338
306
895
133
493
1,724
367
936
2,920
204
61
121
66
1,488
646
74
191
69
695
519
374
4,396
881
59
822
1.693
46,907
355
1.383
113
786
4,586
757
5,590
361
1,528
333
927
2,586
1,362
2,506
329
245
1,077
396
2,758
10,733
131
168
610
1,051
850
707
76,631
8,527
51
190
126
359
69
118
41
87
110
37
699
57
743
4.689
37
9
74
39
4.069
294
27
133
7
79
37
36
506
182
7
175
311
21,024
38
686
20
212
4,108
149
1,550
42
178
29
116
209
338
2,006
38
51
183
41
1,299
6,770
50
28
63
235
312
138
74,114
3302
70
67
50
155
93
60
13
144
31
27
680
95
315
598
36
32
47
20
223
167
22
31
20
65
19
11
274
431
28
403
104
35,127
123
1,304
123
194
7,087
245
6,786
70
3,169
427
263
116
911
869
3
109
588
63
1.269
8.003
89
458
603
142
243
112,158
39,795
76
69
18
79
11
24
14
85
3
143
1
322
30.880
213
1,000
2,486
425
6,985
12,137
2,885
2,160
2,589
29
1
4
12
7,597
6,205
1,392
427
30,835
356
91
82
163
692
19
462
8
1,447
1,774
25
46
3
46
1,363
68
16
280
68
135
46
146
1
1.112
35
49374
21,783
3.474
1.843
278
990
89
162
399
211
389
110
3.418
150
2.378
5.359
901
134
223
164
1.747
1.660
177
341
12
90
129
339
321
670
47
623
984
8,254
57
3.080
180
5
41
340
115
93
314
48
92
281
29
6
43
2
45
34
1.297
18
129
268
33
12
37
1.385
2,548
27
3
2
86
2
3
1
10
21
7
23
1
I
2
2
1
4,628
290
1
4
11
7
1
9
1
5
1
51
6
5
17
4
19
142
3
139
4
564
4
6
3
5
23
6
34
3
83
12
22
3
16
6
5
11
38
8
26
163
5
7
11
36
6
1
See footnotes at end of table.
44
TABLE 8. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Region and
countiy of birth
Total
Family-
spon-
sored
prefer-
ences
Employ-
ment-
based
prefer-
ences
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
Total
Spouses
Children
Parents
Refugee
and
asylee
adjust-
ments
Diversity
program
IRCA
legaliza-
tion
Suspen-
sion of
depor-
Other'
Viemam
Yemen
Other Asia ...
Africa
Algeria
Cameroon ....
Cape Verde ..
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Niger
Nigeria
Siena Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Other Africa
Oceania ...............
Australia
Fiji
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean ..„....„
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad &
Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other N. America
South America
Argentina
Bohvia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Venezuela
Other S. America ,
Unknown or not rep.
38,519
1,663
1,884
47,791
717
898
920
5.031
948
5,904
5.105
1,387
2,216
2,359
837
7,038
1,884
4,005
2,093
2,030
4,419
4342
1,630
1,549
1.163
307,488
11.609
146.865
105,299
829
33,587
746
27,053
755
15,057
17,840
6,409
3,023
43,676
664
1,330
17,969
7,785
7.616
6.331
1.981
39
52,877
1.964
1.734
4.583
1.443
13,004
7,780
7.257
10,853
3,328
931
197
8.171
362
472
3,610
14
29
307
858
29
171
621
156
235
75
21
352
138
29
157
26
392
811
55
619
137
114,403
931
68,996
31340
275
1,134
254
11,581
262
7,522
7,512
1,747
1,053
13,134
280
221
6,501
2,475
2.196
1,103
358
2
13,613
263
264
424
237
2.956
2.362
4.146
2,494
301
166
26
98
13
496
3,665
57
63
17
507
II
99
234
138
94
114
169
611
69
10
914
43
515
656
474
23
159
16,807
5,516
3,081
3^04
106
54
54
238
121
297
962
1,355
317
4,702
45
no
2,774
894
345
355
179
4
6355
634
491
1,243
236
881
681
529
880
572
208
58
6,834
1.240
610
16,293
226
273
530
1.903
308
1.647
1,807
393
819
1,072
552
3,339
688
172
609
198
1,757
2,088
956
400
732
135,541
4,677
71,293
37,478
431
1,063
432
15,098
362
6,009
9,294
3,194
1,595
22,079
320
948
8,220
3,747
4,814
2,630
1,400
14
30,496
924
908
2,655
892
8,882
4,469
2,529
6,590
2.123
524
69
3,824
420
435
9,715
184
193
157
1.209
159
869
988
268
271
855
435
1.855
284
78
455
129
1.326
1,647
838
223
586
72,725
3.816
38.887
19,783
282
581
263
8.383
204
2,747
4,680
1,759
884
10,231
151
637
3,063
1,688
2,407
1,412
873
8
17,582
651
482
1,970
611
5,116
2,434
1,161
3,491
1,325
341
53
1,230
785
120
3390
8
36
225
259
65
455
672
83
394
34
54
651
277
28
32
27
280
234
103
41
90
35,825
709
16,237
12,470
101
277
110
4,987
108
1,948
3.383
1.064
492
6,408
111
242
1.806
1.497
1.727
654
371
I
7,426
118
277
502
180
2.273
1.168
580
1,607
602
119
1.780
35
55
2,988
34
44
148
435
84
313
147
42
154
183
63
833
127
66
122
42
151
207
15
136
56
26,991
152
16.169
5,225
48
205
59
1.728
50
1314
1,231
371
219
5,440
58
69
3,351
562
680
564
156
5
5,488
155
149
183
101
1,493
867
788
1,492
196
64
11
22,297
19
35
7,651
46
89
1
71
45
1,056
67
291
505
1
27
80
78
3,607
7
1,119
561
59
59
32,898
12
60
31,479
30,377
26
1,074
2
1339
20
198
327
109
666
19
8
890
12
10
16
14
154
10
7
489
173
5
30
1
29
240
16,224
371
429
64
1,652
552
2,881
2,357
393
522
1,093
46
2,605
901
181
376
642
1,159
669
123
433
113
1387
145
9
1,009
7
816
5
3
6
50
6
94
22
224
5
10
2
91
35
71
10
1,046
92
44
189
25
10
212
34
284
131
25
11
1
45
10
2
2321
5
2.039
66
1
3
1
14
2
17
13
3
12
211
6
4
97
67
20
12
5
59
10
4
2
2
22
7
7
4
1
13
213
1
11
1
15
3
41
7
9
29
1
20
32
8
5
22
26
7
12
7
3,217
3
1.039
253
125
9
1
78
21
6
13
1,920
2
10
155
170
93
1.489
1
2
318
17
10
36
36
79
22
7
94
15
2
1.105
22
90
2
1
24
2
8
6
3
2
2
II
22
2
5
23
13
3
7
914
320
348
170
9
15
84
I
10
32
10
9
67
6
7
22
14
4
5
9
9
100
12
3
18
1
20
17
5
15
9
' Includes persons entering under the Amerasian, former H-1 registered nurse. Cuban/Haitian entrant, Soviet and Indochinese parolee, and 1972 Registry provisions.
■ Represents zero.
45
TABLE 9. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST PERMANENT RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Region and
country of last
permanent
residence
Total
Family-
spon-
sored
prefer-
ences
Employ-
ment-
based
prefer-
ences
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
Total
Spouses
Children
Parents
Refugee
and
asylee
adjust-
ments
Diversity
program
IRCA
legaliza-
Suspen-
sion of
depor-
tation
AU countries .
Europe
Albania
Austria
Bulgaria
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet U., former .
Armenia
Belarus
Kazakhstan
Moldova
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other republics .
Unknown rep. ...
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom ..
Yugoslavia, former
Bosnia-
Herzegovina ...
Other, unknown
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, People's Rep.
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
798378
122^58
4,267
1,044
2,662
3,007
6,941
1,483
920
932
2,190
755
1,197
11,729
1,690
5,276
48,238
1,989
1,441
523
779
14,669
10,609
885
1,059
16,284
1,607
1,126
1,302
11,950
9,913
3,737
6,176
4,129
258,561
8,492
863
1,416
33,526
7,974
36,092
825
6,291
1,721
2,951
5,640
4,650
13,626
704
888
3,070
991
13,081
47,842
2,344
981
2,126
10,830
4,623
4,596
213331
8,622
444
49
36
261
393
187
41
35
178
10
92
3,545
635
340
204
29
2
1
2
95
55
2
10
8
100
64
70
1,340
430
15
415
168
71,527
1,604
377
174
7,417
3,841
13,637
154
1,137
364
248
178
1,349
4,013
166
92
922
134
4,392
16,025
367
157
568
4,236
382
524
90,607
15,017
20
99
279
789
1,217
144
164
158
416
36
325
1,566
339
423
2,831
254
61
53
23
1,718
357
18
95
252
205
249
341
4,359
350
13
337
707
44,970
451
54
12
12,309
1,320
8,353
123
724
85
885
1,787
265
4,284
113
11
334
288
1,454
6,800
305
262
272
3,130
234
445
321,008
34,125
317
302
491
1,559
3,872
678
510
338
1,201
251
598
3,000
544
1,917
7,871
288
172
85
80
5,753
989
65
145
294
883
636
498
5,385
1,430
61
1,369
1,844
101,190
3,328
218
1,117
13,076
2,328
13,374
427
3,417
645
1,396
3,335
2,858
5,267
274
364
1,669
468
5,600
24,651
456
256
1,059
3,386
1,299
1,947
170,263
22,013
202
239
241
1,328
3,142
500
342
287
970
130
521
1,641
381
882
2,764
198
82
65
37
1,431
586
37
94
234
738
556
437
4,426
827
37
790
1,459
45,763
1,351
100
735
4,257
985
5,400
335
1,142
249
1,044
2,859
1,568
2,422
199
216
913
367
2,878
10,069
302
146
554
1,183
824
857
76,631
8,560
48
26
188
126
389
75
117
40
92
108
46
708
65
750
4,659
28
72
18
39
4,140
281
19
32
30
75
45
40
495
181
6
175
287
20,961
685
19
208
4,034
168
1,558
41
133
28
123
315
354
1,996
29
53
155
40
1,318
6,638
52
26
61
294
313
168
74,114
3,552
67
37
62
105
341
103
51
11
139
13
31
651
98
285
448
62
18
2
4
182
122
9
19
30
70
35
21
464
422
18
404
98
34,466
1,292
99
174
4,785
1,175
6,416
51
2,142
368
229
161
936
849
46
95
601
61
1,404
7,944
102
84
444
1,909
162
922
112,158
40,714
67
498
63
25
281
302
33
2
141
65
39
101
303
31,059
189
1,014
254
568
5,117
7,451
646
507
15,313
322
6
9
34
6,924
3,615
3,309
440
29,843
90
58
94
663
43
459
19
674
584
29
9
109
3
52
409
61
49
304
99
867
46
179
1
2,619
247
49374
21,765
3,414
83
1,787
332
1,126
166
160
371
233
388
132
3,374
149
2,279
4,884
922
172
121
89
1,629
1,573
121
231
26
84
160
378
695
633
30
603
937
8,631
2,986
153
3
21
347
138
88
202
30
352
294
32
5
91
29
31
1,233
13
330
251
22
14
41
1,425
2,548
30
2
I
80
3
1
1
7
23
1
1
2
2
1
4,628
313
1
4
4
18
10
1
9
2
4
1
50
6
4
15
5
1
2
29
141
3
138
4
543
6
3
3
22
6
31
3
74
12
23
3
15
6
5
8
37
8
27
161
6
7
10
37
6
1
See footnotes at end of table.
46
TABLE 9. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST PERMANENT RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Family-
Employ-
Inrunediate relatives of U.S. citizens
Rehigee
Region and
ment-
based
IRCA
Suspen-
country of last
Total
sored
asylee
Diversity
legaliza-
sion of
Other'
permanent
residence
prefer-
ences
prefer-
ences
Total
Spouses
Children
Parents
adjust-
ments
program
tion
depor-
tation
United Arab
Emirates
793
317
133
196
113
26
57
18
117
.
4
8
Vietnam
37,121
7,774
53
6,489
3,543
1,213
1,733
21,715
-
-
9
1,081
Yemen
1,683
348
13
1,226
410
785
31
21
75
-
-
-
2,820
44,668
630
3,343
471
3,221
1,063
15385
742
8,924
128
3,569
193
2,892
322
7343
308
15,025
3
43
10
210
13
Africa ...„
98
Cameroon
791
25
54
243
165
34
44
67
388
2
10
2
Cape Verde
909
300
17
525
156
226
143
1
65
-
1
-
Egypt
4,940
833
433
1,932
1,223
283
426
111
1,592
-
15
24
Ethiopia
6,116
177
90
1,662
828
513
321
1,101
3,035
6
42
3
Ghana
5,062
632
199
1,802
937
725
140
84
2,327
4
7
7
Kenya
4,189
101
113
419
255
92
72
3,137
401
3
9
6
Liberia
1,887
204
86
675
229
312
134
438
441
10
30
3
Morocco
2,225
64
66
1,015
796
39
180
1
1,075
1
1
2
Nigeria
6,879
353
589
3,263
1,788
646
829
88
2,534
8
33
11
Sierra Leone
1,767
133
58
652
254
270
128
57
856
2
7
2
Somalia
1,226
11
1
58
32
8
18
1,123
27
1
5
-
South Africa
2,081
183
874
606
431
34
141
6
382
-
8
22
Sudan
1,107
19
31
146
104
19
23
502
404
-
1
4
Other Africa
5,489
308
610
2,387
1,726
368
293
627
1,498
6
41
12
Oceania
4,855
955
748
2321
1,811
247
263
75
695
9
27
25
Australia
2,084
182
566
1,151
989
110
52
14
147
1
7
16
F.ji
1,537
602
23
404
219
42
143
59
433
-
13
3
New Zealand
710
62
141
427
375
28
24
-
73
-
3
4
Other Oceania
524
109
18
339
228
67
44
2
42
8
4
2
North America
307,019
115,101
17,926
136,181
73,133
35,793
27,255
29349
2,014
2327
3,215
906
Canada
15,788
1,890
6,848
5,925
4,694
738
493
26
759
10
7
323
Mexico
146,680
68,981
3,061
71,122
38,772
16,198
16,152
71
18
2,043
1,037
347
Caribbean
101,095
31,152
3391
37,133
19,527
12,451
5,155
27,939
1,007
65
239
169
Barbados
839
281
102
439
281
107
51
6
2
9
Cuba
29.913
1,073
46
1,009
553
274
182
26,851
805
1
112
16
Dominica
2,769
1,361
62
1337
556
556
225
-
8
1
-
-
Dominican Rep.
24,966
10,477
237
14,113
8,025
4,534
1,554
27
5
14
9
84
Grenada
733
248
116
359
199
118
42
-
6
2
1
1
Haiti
14,941
7,491
281
5,964
2,701
1,960
1,303
1,056
44
17
78
10
Jamaica
17,585
7,422
936
9,152
4,581
3,373
1,198
-
10
13
21
31
Trinidad &
Tobago
6,321
1,749
1,300
3,157
1,716
1,055
386
1
95
3
6
10
Other Caribbean
3,028
1,050
311
1,603
915
474
214
4
28
12
12
8
Central America
43,451
13,076
4,626
21,998
10,139
6,405
5,454
1313
230
209
1,932
67
Costa Rica
1,379
234
117
966
652
238
76
26
12
5
12
7
El Salvador
17,741
6,437
2,715
8,131
2,988
1,801
3,342
185
1
94
156
22
Guatemala
7,717
2,462
878
3,716
1,667
1,488
561
317
91
68
171
14
Honduras
7,592
6,226
2,197
1,087
340
335
4,796
2,589
2,382
1,386
1,728
648
686
555
106
648
35
72
20
11
94
1,479
4
Nicaragua
5
Panama
2,109
368
197
1,473
911
393
169
29
10
5
18
9
Other C. America
687
291
44
327
153
109
65
2
9
6
2
6
Other N. America
5
2
-
3
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
South America
52,600
13^35
6384
30,230
17307
7376
5,547
928
1,044
59
319
101
Argentina
2,055
295
696
914
638
110
166
10
100
10
17
13
Bolivia
1,695
4,575
1,402
12,795
261
452
237
2,923
476
1,231
223
846
893
2,633
870
8,745
472
1,928
590
5,002
275
496
182
2,277
146
209
98
1,466
7
17
13
151
41
186
21
8
4
2
2
21
10
36
35
81
3
Brazil
18
Chile
1
Colombia
20
Ecuador
7,763
6,867
2,368
3,941
687
494
4,449
2,389
2,414
1,081
1,166
571
869
737
12
7
204
25
6
20
7
17
Guyana
4
Peru
10,726
2,484
850
6,508
3,425
1,601
1,482
485
283
7
94
15
Venezuela
3,724
998
387
187
634
247
2,296
533
1,424
333
574
124
298
76
221
5
154
22
5
2
17
2
10
Other S. America .
Unknown or not rep.
8,317
248
2,341
1,576
1,312
125
139
3,906
200
-
1
45
' Includes persons entering under the Amerasian, former H-1 registered nurse, Cuban/Haitian entrant, Soviet and Indochinese parolee, and 1972 Registry provisions.
• Represents zero.
47
TABLE 10. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED WHO WERE ADJUSTED TO PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS
BY SELECTED STATUS AT ENTRY AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Region and country
of birth
Total
Visitors
for busi-
ness
Visitors
for plea-
sure
Stu-
dents '
Tempo-
rary
workers '
Ex-
change
visitors '
Fiances-
(ees) '
Intracom-
pany trans-
ferees '
Refugees
and
parolees
Entered
without
inspection
All countries .
Europe
Albania
Bulgaria
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former .
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Other & unknown
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, People's Rep.
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Phihppines
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
417,659
76,775
216
732
1,801
2,906
539
561
482
1,351
376
732
4,718
840
1,668
39,116
1,099
1,279
2,768
623
10,871
13,849
3,105
2,580
2,942
805
511
491
7,323
8,989
6,260
2,729
2,618
105,843
559
1,415
254
472
13,295
1,508
12,911
467
4,236
2,079
1,606
3,215
1,032
6,698
391
1,659
1,294
717
4,049
13,537
361
501
907
4,191
2,043
1,059
3,997
639
3
18
15
32
11
3
4
26
5
6
31
2
40
294
21
11
12
11
151
50
6
26
6
9
4
6
95
8
1
7
27
1,622
5
9
9
3
397
28
162
7
42
5
26
20
15
181
2
2
27
18
55
358
4
15
17
138
21
18
93,548
14,557
59
268
443
778
212
270
164
479
196
147
3,226
436
795
3,239
326
81
128
98
1,332
893
112
167
102
286
117
132
1,819
660
61
599
831
21,530
94
341
89
125
1,784
509
2,284
206
1,373
131
807
439
484
2,787
138
180
548
267
1.116
4,606
73
133
357
1,348
415
353
15,993
2,244
10
93
168
194
95
36
22
96
17
53
141
22
96
422
13
7
14
17
264
77
2
23
5
112
84
47
216
130
11
119
190
9,337
12
138
26
4
2,757
334
751
105
410
31
155
721
184
1,180
89
9
167
130
277
179
56
65
71
853
151
240
27,805
4,843
10
111
255
415
74
105
49
99
18
136
253
10
168
1,177
49
19
41
28
723
188
10
35
84
91
52
84
1,238
182
11
171
316
18,689
4
198
27
4
3,725
282
6,274
32
203
57
182
374
72
364
48
1
114
155
530
4,383
52
118
106
1,028
41
118
4,273
1,420
5
52
82
113
21
29
16
32
6
26
59
1
37
546
13
9
10
25
349
80
6
15
39
20
18
17
210
48
6
42
82
2,155
2
20
4
2
914
4
348
5
29
7
66
30
32
38
9
40
6
254
145
13
23
51
43
4
32
6377
1,406
11
11
43
105
18
15
19
24
14
41
84
13
59
546
2
4
20
5
351
112
2
42
8
20
27
5
256
25
2
23
70
3,278
30
2
7
54
421
22
273
15
127
51
14
178
34
118
5
60
63
18
53
1,118
2
7
38
16
96
12
9,953
3,174
6
236
324
7
16
64
99
4
105
29
16
14
298
8
4
3
3
210
34
6
20
10
39
88
86
1,503
31
1
30
209
3,151
1
9
5
1
1,326
129
350
21
38
11
80
271
26
236
4
10
29
53
170
3
3
2
267
13
32
101,566
38,607
64
44
38
147
16
27
8
29
82
21
198
16
220
30,369
617
1,084
2,366
397
6,818
11,657
2,792
2,129
2,509
22
12
9
137
6,725
5,597
1,128
423
30,773
251
75
53
216
537
28
343
11
1,387
1,675
44
61
46
44
32
1,263
80
22
238
272
125
22
117
24
1,041
48
102,549
1,261
33
32
27
36
29
3
9
25
1
6
322
214
52
102
26
2
10
8
27
19
3
6
1
16
4
2
69
254
5
249
25
4,482
83
412
5
5
466
31
979
8
132
22
49
38
22
482
17
12
79
11
809
579
4
18
32
51
20
58
See footnotes at end of table.
48
TABLE 10. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED WHO WERE ADJUSTED TO PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS
BY SELECTED STATUS AT ENTRY AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Region and country
of birth
Total
Visitors
for busi-
ness
Visitors
for plea-
sure
Stu-
dents '
Tempo-
rary
workers '
Ex-
change
visitors '
Fiances-
(ees)'
Intracom-
pany trans-
ferees '
Refugees
and
parolees
Entered
without
inspection
Other
and
unknown
Vietnam ....
Yemen
Other Asia .
Africa
Algeria
Cameroon ....
Cape Verde ..
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Niger
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Other Africa .
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
Other Oceania .
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad &
Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America .
BeUze
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other N. America
South America
Argentina
Bohvia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Venezuela
Other S. America .
Unknown or not rep
24,411
179
797
21^54
333
391
210
1,489
191
1,937
1,402
788
1,146
825
832
2,203
596
3,693
1,192
1,311
2,715
2,017
974
344
699
183,889
8,418
94,446
56,569
473
31,232
356
6,862
395
5,753
6,265
3,596
1,637
24,426
338
781
9,270
4.694
3,580
5,040
723
30
27,727
1.511
1.175
3.562
964
6,967
3,088
1,747
5,619
2,505
589
154
11
5
22
404
11
4
32
4
24
29
9
15
27
25
84
13
2
25
11
89
40
21
2
17
809
52
245
388
6
49
9
97
4
33
101
56
33
124
7
18
19
23
19
25
13
480
34
21
57
26
125
29
30
94
59
5
257
86
200
5,466
156
65
160
754
75
502
327
139
382
353
293
754
280
43
302
103
777
904
350
205
349
37,613
1,783
15,202
15,566
385
1,633
178
2,404
303
2,542
4,187
2.780
1.154
5,060
205
516
583
855
944
1,487
470
2
13,450
771
364
1,950
556
3,598
1,152
847
2,353
1,572
287
28
40
26
176
1,787
25
100
3
81
13
203
82
155
59
129
71
247
43
9
89
54
424
113
47
22
44
1,417
376
252
603
16
11
16
49
14
48
214
131
104
186
6
28
21
21
36
27
47
1,082
83
37
208
47
228
47
52
123
233
24
13
22
7
168
1,313
21
18
198
7
32
62
53
14
32
94
177
11
6
407
17
164
242
185
4
53
1,674
914
234
428
II
13
15
55
5
9
181
100
39
96
3
18
10
27
13
6
19
2
1,025
173
25
195
52
170
41
33
130
166
40
19
10
24
323
7
13
30
1
18
33
20
5
47
16
33
9
1
7
12
71
35
25
10
177
91
19
47
1
2
16
5
14
20
3
4
6
2
2
3
161
43
7
36
4
20
7
8
9
15
12
2
427
1
16
354
8
6
8
14
2
8
33
II
8
19
49
109
9
6
12
52
74
43
7
24
912
365
245
201
2
56
5
53
2
18
53
4
100
2
12
17
4
36
3
26
1
353
8
6
66
16
134
19
22
55
16
II
4
I
56
333
5
24
7
1
20
2
9
1
24
1
172
5
62
206
158
4
44
2,333
1,955
254
80
4
7
15
1
1
13
33
6
44
15
744
97
9
319
35
64
22
14
23
150
11
12
22,681
9
28
6,700
25
54
52
40
691
70
284
361
17
22
71
56
3,503
16
1,025
413
69
13
49
7
24,909
311
987
22,810
1
21,885
4
44
I
790
44
21
20
796
5
12
218
213
74
257
17
5
488
12
13
54
10
99
19
16
212
49
4
20
31
11
16
1,240
18
18
3
80
4
18
467
8
29
23
139
295
10
11
8
5
104
56
14
20
22
88,965
101
67,943
6,627
8
807
71
3,543
28
1,217
732
120
101
14^93
83
91
6,661
3,024
1,867
2,521
46
1
6,537
89
311
262
83
1,816
1,499
537
1,791
43
106
8
928
33
91
3334
57
113
36
224
44
434
298
89
271
169
122
409
164
112
154
79
559
278
118
31
129
25,080
2,470
9,065
9,819
39
6,769
58
586
37
1.090
726
338
176
3,707
27
68
1.729
513
585
705
80
19
3,407
201
382
415
135
713
253
188
829
202
89
49
Includes spouses and children. ^ Includes children. - Represents zero.
49
TABLE 11. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED IN FISCAL YEAR 1997, BY CALENDAR YEAR OF ENTRY,
TYPE OF ADMISSION, AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
Region and countiy
of birth
Total
New
arrivals
1996-97
Adjustments
1996-97
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
19gS
1987
Before
1987
All countries
Europe
Albania
Bulgaria
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former .
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other republics
Unknown republic ...
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former ...
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Other & unknown ...
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, People's Rep. .
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
798378
119,871
4,375
2,774
2,568
5,723
1,049
949
1,001
1,982
812
1,059
12,038
1,665
5,545
49,071
2,094
1,450
3,062
812
16,632
15,696
3,312
3,069
2,944
1,241
958
1,063
10,708
10,750
6,392
4,358
4,540
265,812
1,129
8,681
1,085
1,638
41,147
5,577
38,071
906
9,642
3,244
2,448
5,097
4,171
14,239
837
1,935
3,568
1,051
12,967
49,117
815
1,128
2,269
6,745
3,094
3.145
38,519
1,663
1,884
380,719
43,096
4,159
2,042
767
2,817
510
388
519
631
436
327
7,320
825
3,877
9,955
995
171
294
189
5,761
1,847
207
489
2
436
447
572
3,385
1,761
132
1,629
1,922
159,969
570
7,266
831
1,166
27,852
4,069
25,160
439
5,406
1,165
842
1,882
3,139
7,541
446
276
2,274
334
8,918
35,580
454
627
1,362
2,554
1,051
2,086
14,108
1,484
1,087
89,051
19,598
42
197
876
1,486
169
212
235
607
89
411
690
142
371
6,471
108
200
440
95
2,494
2,070
246
397
421
372
245
269
3,699
1,954
1,399
555
1,061
28,581
79
346
67
100
5,345
506
5,024
125
1,230
371
487
1,569
213
1,620
76
80
332
207
1,041
3,226
75
142
221
1,518
241
317
3,677
33
313
106,793
30,599
47
128
375
661
135
113
95
296
117
139
485
81
259
19,990
170
653
1,581
254
4,914
7,592
1,908
1,328
1,590
194
124
108
1,462
5,085
4,212
873
705
30,033
99
194
41
71
2,005
292
2,668
72
724
1,090
310
706
145
956
41
324
153
110
555
1,965
122
71
99
740
345
189
15,794
29
123
41,179
10,770
38
91
128
204
58
72
40
106
48
40
334
41
205
7,732
313
269
523
153
1,811
2,786
676
595
606
50
45
37
513
733
465
268
255
12,405
66
151
28
65
1,265
111
1,414
42
370
371
144
267
62
644
31
539
84
50
368
1,780
42
36
70
354
572
118
3,265
20
76
22,682
3,319
41
69
60
82
24
34
10
46
23
19
282
30
144
1,800
159
71
84
40
476
587
156
114
113
23
18
13
268
207
82
125
126
6,294
58
130
22
11
1,056
89
842
30
212
66
113
139
86
540
32
249
62
35
241
1,129
30
32
49
230
267
57
417
10
60
19,619
2,506
17
29
38
57
13
22
7
33
25
13
380
39
161
1,158
154
40
49
39
378
334
38
59
67
18
12
10
186
209
40
169
79
5,252
53
103
11
34
968
87
594
35
159
33
72
95
67
500
30
121
96
43
229
831
11
25
145
210
134
46
448
28
44
19,035
2,051
11
65
35
45
24
21
6
21
29
7
399
42
171
808
105
17
40
16
345
176
32
39
38
16
9
8
123
153
17
136
58
4,388
35
84
11
30
1,074
87
436
17
136
16
65
50
61
510
12
64
39
44
274
635
8
23
39
159
91
72
270
17
29
18,905
1,580
3
73
13
26
15
17
8
20
9
5
587
81
161
330
42
12
16
7
123
86
7
14
23
12
7
I
84
74
7
67
54
3,552
45
38
22
11
617
52
336
17
135
46
85
42
103
432
44
79
58
41
302
596
8
23
43
166
55
46
88
7
15
17,521
921
17
15
9
11
8
15
7
6
397
95
29
99
20
1
2
1
21
39
7
2
6
8
1
2
76
95
9
86
23
2,191
16
56
25
27
99
43
232
26
126
9
57
21
69
256
25
62
92
30
127
425
7
33
47
120
54
42
45
4
16
15,717
658
2
4
17
13
8
17
10
6
271
83
6
60
13
1
3
6
8
15
7
4
3
4
2
4
70
64
2
62
17
1,783
17
28
3
18
53
27
211
20
125
8
44
16
40
167
17
22
83
32
104
466
8
16
50
82
54
24
26
3
19
7,767
422
2
10
16
12
5
1
14
5
213
36
8
10
1
1
41
39
2
37
4
1,161
3
27
4
7
28
29
134
15
108
4
35
11
22
101
13
16
51
24
66
289
10
8
15
44
40
19
23
1
14
30,052
1,129
1
7
49
53
30
7
10
21
5
11
401
100
20
72
2
7
6
3
17
21
8
3
5
32
6
3
155
122
1
121
24
4,492
27
85
8
60
132
102
268
38
613
41
94
51
56
406
25
56
114
53
270
1,224
12
34
48
368
97
43
133
3
31
See footnotes at end of table.
50
TABLE 11. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED IN FISCAL YEAR 1997, BY CALENDAR YEAR OF ENTRY,
TYPE OF ADMISSION, AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH— Continued
Region and country
of birth
Total
New
arrivals
1996-97
Adjustments
1996-97
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
Before
1987
Un-
known
Africa „
Algeria
Cameroon ....
Cape Verde ..
Egypt
Eritrea
Bhiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Niger
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Other Africa .
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
Other Oceania .
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean ,
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad & Tobago ..
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America ..
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Venezuela
Other South America ..
Unknown or not reported
47,791
717
898
920
5,031
948
5,904
5,105
1,387
2,216
2,359
837
7,038
1,884
4,005
2,093
2,030
4,419
4^42
1,630
1,549
1,163
307,488
11,609
146,865
105,299
829
33,587
746
27,053
755
15,057
17,840
6,409
3,023
43,676
664
1,330
17.969
7,785
7,616
6,331
1,981
39
52,877
1,964
1,734
4,583
1,443
13,004
7,780
7,257
10,853
3,328
931
197
26,537
384
507
710
3,542
757
3,967
3,703
599
1,070
1,534
5
4,835
1,288
312
901
719
1,704
2,325
656
1,205
464
123,599
3.191
52,419
48,730
356
2,355
390
20,191
360
9,304
11,575
2,813
1,386
19,250
326
549
8,699
3,091
4,036
1,291
1,258
9
25,150
453
559
1,021
479
6,037
4,692
5,510
5,234
823
342
43
5,820
77
85
21
371
56
346
325
247
198
194
177
614
135
1,553
567
178
676
802
484
74
244
28,500
4,709
15,064
4,780
66
1,308
72
906
39
644
1,004
485
256
3,937
38
208
1,350
527
450
1,209
155
10
5,691
454
199
1,060
187
1,315
402
2.50
876
818
130
59
5,028
43
60
11
245
49
430
192
187
161
147
119
228
75
1,595
212
790
484
368
225
45
98
37,360
1,691
7,539
26,654
45
23,640
51
1,158
21
476
767
316
180
1,469
23
110
389
274
264
301
108
7
3,384
293
98
566
116
769
256
153
509
561
63
21
1,879
59
49
16
159
13
178
117
75
131
97
73
169
27
179
125
130
282
160
76
30
54
13,542
531
5,447
6,544
32
3,805
45
1,132
28
545
584
262
111
1,020
21
74
259
198
246
167
55
2,420
105
42
302
82
577
351
131
473
321
36
1,287
39
21
4
114
5
143
105
35
53
46
69
133
12
188
92
30
198
89
36
12
41
9,654
231
5,098
3,213
37
1,195
24
869
27
294
492
181
94
1,112
15
59
311
238
248
201
40
2,039
72
54
212
66
483
263
128
579
146
36
1,053
25
16
1
91
3
147
105
33
36
47
48
137
40
80
45
29
170
90
32
32
26
8,969
89
5,720
2,154
38
275
18
616
28
499
429
165
86
1,004
14
41
284
263
229
127
46
2
1,748
57
51
215
66
473
234
132
390
108
22
1
940
19
15
5
111
8
97
94
27
101
36
49
97
79
16
14
31
141
59
18
22
19
9,930
61
7,007
1,718
32
111
17
484
27
358
447
161
81
1,143
15
63
334
281
284
129
37
1
1,666
61
61
207
53
490
222
127
344
69
32
1
752
9
17
5
66
6
94
62
29
93
24
36
113
25
14
16
19
124
63
13
25
25
11,199
56
7,751
1,897
35
48
18
426
33
356
544
343
94
1,495
23
50
690
308
291
99
34
1,759
87
47
191
68
516
238
105
353
103
51
622
4
7
44
59
5
86
37
28
26
48
33
85
30
7
10
21
92
46
5
28
13
12,079
25
8,299
1,899
37
56
16
314
48
403
402
497
126
1,856
20
25
741
441
307
268
54
1,662
56
89
175
52
406
236
116
432
63
37
460
9
10
37
32
39
46
11
32
38
30
66
18
6
17
13
56
46
9
19
18
11,437
24
7,950
1,522
39
83
14
196
56
227
277
498
132
1,941
43
15
722
384
253
478
46
1,333
57
46
136
72
341
233
142
238
39
29
355
3
13
18
27
5
26
26
17
42
14
25
56
8
4
13
9
49
27
2
16
9
4,979
10
3,211
878
28
63
16
78
26
159
202
217
89
880
22
12
305
175
89
254
23
822
34
36
82
27
248
83
107
162
27
16
1
937
4
38
16
88
2
78
75
41
117
19
71
205
35
7
20
16
105
121
20
13
88
20,696
91
12,528
2,586
49
374
19
230
37
832
570
217
258
5,490
84
64
2,518
1,159
425
1,178
62
1
2,676
139
128
142
94
805
365
219
606
99
79
1
2,121
42
60
32
126
39
273
218
58
156
115
102
300
112
44
61
45
338
146
54
28
64
15,544
900
8,832
2,724
35
274
46
453
25
960
547
254
130
3,079
20
60
1,367
446
494
629
63
9
2,527
96
324
274
81
544
205
137
657
151
58
67
NOTE: The year of entry for new arrivals is the year entering as an immigrant. The year of entry for adjustments is the latest year of entry as a nonimmigrant or the
latest year of entry in another temporary status.
- Represents zero.
51
TABLE 12. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY AGE AND SEX
FISCAL YEARS 1987-97
Age and sex
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Total
601^16
643,025
1,090,924
1,536,483
1,827,167
973,977
904,292
804,416
720,461
915,900
798378
Under 5 years
32,733
31,063
31,577
33,520
36,669
37,487
39,111
36,085
37,323
40,710
36,439
5-9 years
37,501
38.186
46,775
51,922
49,609
58,445
62,949
57,194
52,326
60,193
49,458
10-14 years
43,939
44,531
85,332
95,453
66,237
73,619
78,157
71,716
67,676
85,459
71,192
15-19 years
57,439
57,859
98,911
125,516
109,261
94,374
95,514
82,796
72,919
93,935
79,841
20-24 years
77,620
77,938
112,002
181,258
354,747
116,280
96,237
85,538
71,596
89,538
76,214
25-29 years
94,481
96,188
167,117
274,035
380,682
150,783
122,787
103,588
92,870
121,382
108,128
30-34 years
72,734
79,439
169,195
251,589
276,464
124,603
108,815
92,563
80,995
108,981
95,184
35-39 years
49,541
58,525
122,958
173,723
182,200
88,564
78,887
67,830
59,398
78,756
66,981
40-44 years
33,175
41,720
79,955
112,988
120,980
61,663
56,100
50,030
45,445
59,086
50,772
45-49 years
24,383
29,708
51,918
71,425
78.393
43,275
41,378
38,756
36,065
47,016
39,971
50-54 years
20,195
23,888
38,937
51,949
57.023
34,230
31,484
29,041
26,141
33,246
31,390
55-59 years
18,515
20,887
30,042
39,776
41,330
28,368
28,246
26,402
23,888
30,532
28,809
60-64 years
15,931
17,549
22,700
30,329
30,856
24,537
24.758
23,103
19,769
25,186
24,753
65-69 years
11,348
12,359
16,786
21,338
21,616
18,604
19.400
18,832
15,850
19,993
18,885
70-74 years
6,542
6,827
8,824
11,021
11,109
10,202
11.131
11.232
9,639
11.830
11,101
75-79 years
3,363
3,836
4,904
6,369
5,938
5,222
5,347
5.438
4,637
5,692
5,275
80 years and over .
2,006
2,497
2,841
4,082
3,680
3.586
3,888
4.201
3,867
4,265
3,809
Unknown age
70
25
150
190
373
135
103
71
57
100
176
Male
300^38
324,521
550,176
818,443
1,213,767
496,724
424,475
372,691
333,859
422,740
365,484
Under 5 years
16,058
15,334
16,027
17,082
18,580
19.020
19,550
17,939
17,891
19,240
16.960
5-9 years
19,184
19,553
23,968
26,651
25.228
29,817
32,092
29,136
26,779
30,728
25,269
10-14 years
22,727
22,993
43,667
48,697
34,112
38,195
40.286
36,762
34,824
44,137
36,777
15-19 years
29,219
29,760
50,379
63,426
64,888
48,493
48.672
41,942
36,888
47,990
40,327
20-24 years
36,963
37,514
53,691
95,684
263,149
60,715
41,829
37,702
31,631
40,412
33,440
25-29 years
49,125
49,749
86,229
155,719
268,701
79,622
54,859
45,425
40,751
53,472
47,075
30-34 years
38,344
42.000
87,875
139,578
188,466
65,641
51,845
42,793
37,756
49.879
43,758
35-39 years
25,699
31,070
63,936
95,153
122,263
46,142
37,413
30,898
26,757
35,209
29,914
40-44 years
16,969
22,049
41,265
61,368
80,507
31,392
25,560
22;339
20,01 1
25,333
21,893
45-49 years
12,045
15,194
26,432
38,598
52,509
21,845
19,388
17,695
16,053
20,780
17,447
50-54 years
9,091
11,310
18.746
26,394
35.955
16,121
13,889
12,751
11,445
14,437
13,241
55-59 years
7,738
9,245
13,583
18,904
23,893
12,496
11,916
10,999
10,044
12,607
11,658
60-64 years
6,691
7,482
9,917
13,275
15,741
10,767
10,318
9,668
8,486
10,549
10,339
65-69 years
5,148
5,665
7,445
9,180
10,331
8,150
8.110
7,983
7,046
8,769
8,466
70-74 years
2,888
2,956
3,826
4,639
5,047
4,559
4,841
4,753
4,110
5,068
5,001
75-79 years
1,434
1,608
2,019
2,518
2,611
2,206
2,284
2,202
1,912
2,430
2,374
80 years and over .
873
1,027
1,095
1,467
1,507
1,451
1,565
1,659
1,445
1,645
1,460
Unknown age
42
12
76
110
279
92
58
45
30
55
85
Female
301^78
318,504
540,661
717,764
613,166
477,062
479,771
431,684
386,582
493,142
432,699
Under 5 years
16,675
15,729
15,542
16,423
18,086
18,460
19,561
18,142
19,428
21,465
19,476
5-9 years
18,317
18,633
22,803
25.260
24,370
28,614
30,855
28,054
25,546
29,463
24,170
10-14 years
21,212
21,538
41,657
46,736
32,112
35,416
37,866
34,951
32,850
41,321
34,404
15-19 years
28,220
28,099
48,523
62,077
44,357
45,868
46,838
40,852
36,028
45,943
39,504
20-24 years
40,657
40,424
58,307
85,552
91,576
55,548
54.403
47,835
39.964
49,125
42,758
25-29 years
45,356
46,439
80,880
118,271
1 11 ,944
71,129
67,922
58,158
52,118
67,907
61,016
30-34 years
34,390
37,439
81,305
111,959
87.968
58,925
56,962
49,760
43,238
59,100
51,399
35-39 years
23,842
27,455
59,012
78,546
59.910
42.406
41,472
36,927
32.639
43.546
37,048
40-44 years
16,206
19,671
38,684
51,606
40.452
30.258
30,534
27,689
25.433
33.752
28,864
45-49 years
12,338
14,514
25,481
32.816
25,870
21,423
21,986
21,061
20,012
26,236
22,515
50-54 years
11,104
12,578
20,189
25.545
21,058
18,105
17,594
16,289
14,695
18,809
18,141
55-59 years
10,777
11,642
16,455
20,867
17,432
15,867
16.330
15,400
13,843
17,925
17,144
60-64 years
9,240
10,067
12,783
17,042
15,109
13,764
14,438
13,434
11,282
14,637
14,408
65-69 years
6,200
6.694
9,340
12,149
11,278
10,449
11,290
10,849
8.804
11,224
10,415
70-74 years
3,654
3,871
4.997
6,375
6,053
5,639
6,289
6,479
5,529
6,762
6,100
75-79 years
1,929
2,228
2,883
3,846
3.325
3.016
3,063
3.236
2,724
3,262
2,901
80 years and over .
1,133
1,470
1,746
2,614
2.172
2,132
2,323
2,542
2,422
2,620
2,349
Unknown age
28
13
74
80
94
43
45
26
27
45
87
Unknown sex
-
-
87
276
234
191
46
41
20
18
195
Percent distribution
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Male
49.9
50.5
50,4
53.3
66.4
51.0
46.9
46.3
46.3
46.2
45.8
Female
50.1
49.5
49.6
46.7
33.6
49.0
53.1
53.7
53.7
53.8
54.2
Median age
28
29
30
30
29
29
29
28
28
28
28
Male
28
29
30
30
29
28
29
28
27
27
28
Female
28
29
30
30
29
29
29
29
29
29
29
• Represents zero.
52
TABLE 13. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH, AGE, AND SEX
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Age and sex
All
countries
Bangdalesh
Canada
China.
People's
Republic
Colombia
Cuba
Domin-
ican
Republic
Ecuador
El
Salvador
Guatemala
ToUl
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10- 14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Male
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Female »..
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Unknown sex
Percent distribution ...
Male
Female
Median age
Male
Female
798378
36.439
49,458
71.192
79.841
76.214
108.128
95.184
66.981
50.772
39.971
31.390
28.809
24.753
18.885
11.101
5.275
3.809
176
365,484
16,960
25,269
36,777
40,327
33,440
47.075
43,758
29,914
21,893
17,447
13,241
11,658
10,339
8,466
5,001
2,374
1,460
85
432,699
19,476
24,170
34,404
39,504
42,758
61,016
51,399
37.048
28,864
22,515
18,141
17,144
14,408
10.415
6.100
2.901
2,349
87
195
100.0
45.8
54.2
28
28
29
8,681
641
506
547
722
1,343
1,335
927
589
410
327
339
363
301
190
88
38
12
3
4365
332
262
309
361
518
688
557
347
241
152
120
146
148
99
50
26
7
2
4315
309
244
238
361
824
647
370
242
169
175
219
217
153
91
38
12
5
1
1
100.0
50.3
49.7
27
28
26
11,609
723
1.070
906
856
927
1,601
1,650
1,396
960
679
406
181
100
60
38
29
21
6
5444
380
567
440
428
367
677
768
730
442
331
207
91
49
28
20
10
7
2
6,048
342
500
466
428
560
919
881
666
515
346
199
90
49
32
18
19
14
4
17
100.0
47.8
52.1
29
29
29
41,147
3,861
1.889
2.796
2.608
1.763
3.752
5.428
3.357
3.418
2.722
1.928
1,854
2,236
1,757
996
543
231
8
17,226
402
1,001
1,537
1,343
475
1,148
2,493
1,467
1,480
1,260
880
790
1,048
907
552
312
130
1
23,900
3,459
883
1,259
1,265
1,288
2.601
2,929
1,885
1,937
1,462
1,048
1,064
1,188
849
444
231
101
7
21
100.0
41.9
58.1
33
35
32
13,004
484
650
1,081
1,287
945
1,568
1,937
1,496
972
633
492
475
387
312
171
76
36
2
5,424
248
330
562
670
383
658
786
587
337
215
160
144
123
114
60
32
15
7,574
236
319
519
617
562
909
1.151
909
633
417
331
331
264
198
111
44
21
2
100.0
41.7
58.2
31
29
32
33,587
707
1.988
1.851
1.644
3.227
5.032
5.916
3.519
2,610
2,264
1,754
1,081
714
497
361
214
202
6
19,519
365
1,020
983
826
1,767
3,069
3,840
2,199
1.606
1,324
1.002
601
342
245
174
86
67
3
14,059
342
967
867
818
1,457
1,961
2,076
1,320
1,004
939
752
479
372
252
187
128
135
3
100.0
58.1
41.9
31
32
31
27,053
921
1,905
2,201
3.854
2.653
4.027
3.736
2,371
1,677
1,172
872
700
444
274
141
63
40
2
12,657
448
906
1,100
1,863
1,163
1,919
1,805
1.124
798
496
341
263
178
124
73
31
24
1
14395
473
999
1,101
1,991
1,490
2,107
1,931
1,247
879
676
531
437
266
150
68
32
16
1
1
100.0
46.8
53.2
27
27
27
7,780
308
480
753
891
776
1,084
975
691
438
297
252
252
215
171
106
56
31
4
3,682
161
235
386
444
387
574
490
309
175
123
85
98
73
67
38
24
10
3
4,098
147
245
367
447
389
510
485
382
263
174
167
154
142
104
68
32
21
1
100.0
47.3
52.7
28
27
29
17,969
419
621
1.430
2,617
1.785
2.887
2.079
1.219
775
514
466
653
842
752
472
259
175
4
7,722
222
320
723
1.339
870
1,402
883
441
299
163
114
162
211
232
158
92
87
4
10,247
197
301
707
1,278
915
1.485
1,196
778
476
351
352
491
631
520
314
167
100.0
43.0
57.0
28
26
30
7,785
836
294
701
969
788
1,212
982
617
391
267
180
161
134
129
74
31
18
1
3,688
411
156
353
529
434
626
470
248
146
93
55
48
42
39
21
12
5
4,096
425
138
348
440
354
585
512
369
245
174
125
113
92
90
53
19
13
1
1
100.0
47.4
52.6
26
24
27
See footnotes at end of table.
53
TABLE 13. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH, AGE, AND SEX
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Age and sex
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
India
Iran
Jamaica
Korea
Mexico
Nigeria
Total
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Male
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Female
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Unknown sex
Percent distribution .
Male
Female
Median age
Male
Female
7,257
325
501
647
903
508
712
733
715
602
499
357
310
188
132
85
21
19
3366
169
243
314
423
213
328
358
303
286
225
170
139
81
59
36
8
11
3,890
156
258
333
480
295
384
375
412
316
273
187
171
107
73
49
13
8
1
100.0
46.4
53.6
30
29
30
15,057
659
995
1,557
2,559
1,677
1,713
1,581
1,145
832
470
363
353
341
321
282
109
98
2
6,935
331
486
755
1,281
812
831
771
523
340
202
133
108
96
90
97
48
30
1
8,122
328
509
802
1,278
865
882
810
622
492
268
230
245
245
231
185
61
68
1
100.0
46.1
53.9
25
23
26
7,616
189
513
918
1,086
799
1,117
908
663
370
255
178
163
161
157
88
34
15
2
3,270
90
227
449
555
368
528
388
235
118
101
50
48
38
35
22
14
4
4,346
99
286
469
531
431
589
520
428
252
154
128
115
123
122
66
20
11
2
100.0
42.9
57.1
26
24
28
38,071
1,254
1,497
2,250
2,718
3,117
6,051
4,666
2,769
2,528
2,375
2,166
2,251
1,902
1,330
710
322
153
12
18,503
616
794
1,194
1,363
889
2,754
2,800
1,425
1,213
1,120
973
1,050
951
726
364
180
86
5
19,560
638
703
1,056
1,355
2,228
3,297
1,862
1,341
1,315
1,255
1,192
1,201
951
604
346
142
67
7
100.0
48.6
51.4
31
32
31
9,642
171
234
488
493
445
968
1,022
795
623
535
580
681
850
748
624
251
132
2
4,271
94
129
227
263
144
368
453
374
304
248
193
212
353
360
344
145
60
5371
77
105
261
230
301
600
569
421
319
287
387
469
497
388
280
106
72
2
100.0
44.3
55.7
41
41
41
17,840
647
1,416
2,134
2,586
1,404
1,825
2,018
1,630
1,318
928
676
482
338
202
118
58
47
13
8,085
298
695
1,104
1,216
657
862
975
708
519
364
274
174
97
66
35
14
18
9
9,755
349
721
1.030
1,370
747
963
1,043
922
799
564
402
308
241
136
83
44
29
4
100.0
45.3
54.7
27
25
28
14,239
1,730
523
1,163
1,597
649
1,521
1,306
1,471
1,486
974
617
423
306
210
127
81
49
6
6,439
925
259
627
874
251
426
516
602
628
498
316
197
125
77
57
41
16
4
7,796
805
262
536
723
398
1,094
789
869
858
476
301
226
181
133
70
40
33
2
100.0
45.2
54.8
29
28
30
146,865
4,582
11,270
19,793
19,069
17,652
22,247
14,381
8,387
5,870
4,562
4,566
4,551
4,134
2,862
1,652
792
473
22
61,498
2,305
5,805
10,231
9,829
9,008
9,007
4,156
2,068
1,283
1,082
1,163
1,390
1,514
1,202
792
417
236
10
85351
2,276
5,464
9,561
9,238
8,644
13,238
10,223
6,319
4,587
3,479
3,400
3,160
2,620
1,659
860
375
237
11
16
100.0
41.9
58.1
25
20
27
7,038
360
321
519
528
600
1,069
1,187
883
399
287
236
219
198
149
60
17
4
2
3389
197
163
292
285
238
453
582
520
246
137
104
52
42
45
17
11
3
2
3,648
163
158
227
243
362
615
605
363
153
150
132
167
156
104
43
6
1
1
100.0
48.2
51.8
30
30
30
See footnotes at end of table.
54
TABLE 13. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH, AGE, AND SEX
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Age and sex
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Russia
Taiwan
Ukraine
United
Kingdom
Vietnam
Other
oUl
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
15-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
15-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
50-64 years
55-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
W years and over ..
Unknown age
[ale ....„
Jnder 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
JO-24 years
!5-29 years
iO-34 years
!5-39 years
K)-44 years
15-49 years
iO- 54 years
'5-59 years
•0-64 years
i5-69 years
0-74 years
5-79 years
years and over ..
Unknown age
male „...
Jnder 5 years
-9 years
0-14 years
5-19 years
0-24 years
5-29 years
0-34 years
5-39 years
0-44 years
[5-49 years
|0-54 years
5-59 years
0-64 years
5-69 years
0-74 years
5-79 years
years and over ...
Inknown age
Inknown sex
rcent distribution
lale
emale
sdianage
lale
smale
Represents zero.
10,853
232
572
882
1.179
952
1,357
1,269
1,072
811
562
456
423
364
345
207
100
68
2
4,892
105
322
477
607
407
606
555
434
363
246
179
156
132
145
82
44
31
1
5,960
127
249
405
572
545
751
714
638
448
316
277
267
232
200
125
56
37
1
1
100.0
45.1
54.9
30
29
32
49,117
1,475
2,549
4,020
5,996
3,241
5,321
4,743
3,759
3,263
3,107
2.771
2.879
2,524
1,847
1,028
406
184
4
20359
759
1,296
2,102
3,090
1,231
1,485
1,791
1,447
1,254
1,292
1.155
1,134
996
755
384
123
63
2
28,750
716
1,252
1,916
2,906
2,010
3,835
2,949
2,311
2.009
1,815
1,616
1,745
1,528
1,092
644
283
121
2
100.0
41.5
58.5
32
30
32
12,038
452
602
1,025
1,342
1,106
1,354
1,234
1,178
1.070
927
614
441
308
203
108
39
30
5
5,450
230
294
515
672
481
563
569
532
476
416
258
184
125
73
38
14
6,584
222
308
509
669
625
791
665
645
593
511
356
257
183
130
70
25
22
3
100.0
45.3
54.7
30
29
31
16,632
3,268
1,684
1,319
993
929
1,212
1,255
1,318
1,048
759
636
680
459
450
303
142
176
1
7,422
1,674
815
680
478
348
453
528
567
445
324
273
258
187
185
100
52
55
9,207
1,594
869
639
514
581
759
727
750
602
435
363
422
272
265
203
90
121
I
100.0
44.6
55.4
25
20
27
6,745
115
259
497
641
295
774
1,223
856
712
512
162
192
189
199
75
25
17
2
2,923
50
132
260
312
130
253
503
395
293
234
72
63
68
97
42
13
6
3,820
65
127
237
329
165
521
719
461
419
278
90
129
121
102
33
12
11
1
2
100.0
43.3
56.6
33
33
33
15,696
655
1,246
1,276
1,082
1,115
1,294
1,214
1,297
1,008
886
487
942
852
813
642
340
546
1
7,381
353
641
627
548
482
624
577
629
490
417
220
411
412
416
266
114
153
1
8308
302
605
647
534
633
668
637
668
516
469
267
530
440
397
376
226
393
100.0
47.0
52.9
34
33
35
10,708
461
695
640
601
763
1,822
2,011
1,318
794
585
431
249
136
65
47
41
42
7
5,583
224
341
318
328
301
865
1,089
753
452
342
258
148
70
39
20
20
14
1
5,120
237
354
322
273
462
957
921
563
342
243
172
101
66
26
27
21
28
5
100.0
52.1
47.8
30
31
29
38,519
1,292
2,388
3,811
2,923
5,391
4,791
2,679
1,982
2,442
3,014
2,574
2,031
1,441
1,066
440
174
76
4
17,720
664
1,214
1,911
1,452
2,315
2,005
1,033
653
859
1,295
1,434
1,116
802
618
241
86
19
3
20,788
628
1,172
1,900
1,470
3,075
2,782
1,645
1,329
1,582
1,719
1,140
914
639
448
199
88
57
1
11
100.0
46.0
54.0
28
27
28
192,863
8,627
11,888
14,802
16,949
20,105
28,751
26,493
19,427
13,156
9.360
6.399
5.403
4.277
3.402
1.928
961
886
49
91,725
4,392
6,132
7,664
8,354
8,310
13,074
13,102
9,770
6,422
4,498
2,872
2,295
1,839
1,492
830
378
275
26
101,073
4,234
5,754
7,134
8,591
11,784
15,665
13,384
9,651
6,730
4,859
3,525
3,105
2,434
1.908
1.098
583
611
23
65
100.0
47.6
52.4
29
29
29
55
TABLE 14. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY MARITAL STATUS, AGE, AND SEX
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Age and sex
Total
Single
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
ToUl
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Male
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ,
Unknown age
Female
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Unknown age
Unknown sex
Percent distribution .
Male
Female
Unknown
Median age
Male
Female
798378
36,439
49,458
71,192
79,841
76,214
108,128
95,184
66,981
50,772
39,971
31,390
28,809
24,753
18,885
11,101
5,275
3,809
176
365,484
16,960
25,269
36,777
40,327
33,440
47,075
43,758
29,914
21,893
17,447
13,241
11,658
10,339
8,466
5,001
2,374
1,460
85
432,699
19,476
24,170
34,404
39,504
42,758
61,016
51,399
37,048
28,864
22,515
18,141
17,144
14,408
10,415
6,100
2,901
2,349
87
195
100.0
45.8
54.2
Z
28
28
29
339,108
36,439
49,458
71,192
75,978
35,675
28,028
18,091
8,791
4,502
2,707
1,954
1,738
1,563
1,283
847
429
349
84
176,675
16,960
25,269
36,777
39,544
20,004
16,804
11,151
4,977
2,132
1,056
624
408
296
281
167
109
67
49
162374
19,476
24,170
34,404
36,428
15,664
11.217
6,937
3,813
2,370
1.650
1,330
1,330
1,267
1,002
680
320
282
34
59
100.0
52.1
47.9
Z
15
16
15
423,173
3,485
39,834
78,462
74,665
55,657
43,711
34,444
26,321
23,284
18,895
13,358
6,850
2,813
1,339
55
179,463
608
13,095
29,505
31,428
23,875
18,824
15,545
11,921
10,602
9,415
7,513
4,242
1,888
978
24
243,621
2,877
26,733
48,935
43,218
31,767
24,878
18,894
14,397
12,679
9,474
5,845
2.608
925
361
30
89
100.0
42.4
57.6
Z
36
37
35
18,972
21
63
134
197
332
700
1,362
2,299
3,283
3,593
3,087
1,911
1,989
1
2,519
4
12
32
30
39
89
115
199
335
461
481
344
378
16,452
17
51
102
167
293
611
1,247
2,100
2,948
3,131
2,606
1,567
1,611
1
1
100.0
13.3
86.7
Z
G6
69
66
12343
36
204
825
1,584
1,733
1,746
1,741
1,490
1,233
820
513
247
92
75
4
4,575
73
374
778
740
676
583
474
349
226
165
83
27
19
7,765
28
130
451
806
993
1,070
1,156
1,016
884
594
348
164
65
56
4
100.0
37.1
62.9
Z
45
42
46
895
5
17
61
87
116
112
123
87
113
78
57
28
7
4
320
4
4
23
41
39
44
44
25
38
15
24
14
2
3
575
1
13
38
46
77
68
79
62
75
63
33
14
5
1
100.0
35.8
64.2
Z
46
45
48
• Represents zero. Z Rounds to less than ,0.5 percent.
56
TABLE 15. IMMIGRANT-ORPHANS ADOPTED BY U.S. CITIZENS BY SEX,
AGE, AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Region and country
of birth
Ail countries
Europe „
Albania
Bulgaria
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Other Europe
Asia „
Cambodia
China, People's Republic
Hong Kong
India
Iran
Japan
Korea
Lebanon
Nepal
Pakistan
Phihppines
Thailand
I Vietnam
Other Asia
lAfrica _......._.......,
Ethiopia
Ghana
Liberia
Nigeria
Other Africa
Dceania
Vorth America
Mexico
Caribbean „.,
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Jamaica
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Bolivia
Brazil
ChUe
Colombia
Ecuador
Paraguay
Peru
Other South America
- Represents zero.
Total
12.596
4,916
13
137
11
63
97
75
60
558
3,867
3,626
65
176
II
15
9
136
51
8
39
10
28
1,139
142
186
18
130
30
8
808
3
21
10
725
24
12
13
3
501
71
81
41
212
4!
30
II
14
Sex
Male
5,901
1,341
64
26
3,295
70
13
5
311
83
9
5
42
26
1,506
800
13
8
16
5
15
6
155
90
60
38
369
164
33
15
4,594
2,406
5
74
5
29
53
36
31
263
1,893
1,783
33
77
8
5
4
57
20
3
18
5
11
1
530
67
76
6
53
13
4
385
2
14
4
349
11
3
2
2
259
28
42
20
119
24
15
7
4
Female
8,002
2,510
8
63
6
34
44
39
29
295
1,974
1,843
32
99
3
10
5
4,560
38
3,225
8
228
4
16
706
5
11
9
65
22
205
18
79
31
5
21
5
17
609
75
110
12
77
17
4
423
1
7
6
376
13
9
II
1
242
43
39
21
93
17
15
4
10
Age
Under 1
year
5,868
1,109
14
5
3
17
1,057
1,003
10
44
3,843
28
1,978
6
98
1
24
1,408
13
9
8
24
1
229
16
12
5
2
1
1
3
1
677
62
52
11
36
3
2
563
2
3
1
546
3
4
4
226
30
10
7
160
15
1
3
1-4 years
5,164
2,784
10
103
3
38
51
42
28
473
2,015
1,866
44
105
7
1,821
29
1,262
6
169
1
15
89
5
7
85
45
102
6
51
17
2
17
4
308
40
69
3
54
9
3
199
1
7
5
153
18
7
199
33
35
34
32
22
29
9
5
5-9 years
1,179
845
I
32
4
14
23
24
20
63
657
628
8
21
2
2
3
155
2
49
32
1
2
3
19
13
28
4
43
19
3
12
1
89
24
34
3
25
4
2
31
6
I
21
3
47
6
20
17
3
1
Over 9
years
379
176
2
2
4
3
9
4
9
5
137
128
3
6
1
81
5
5
1
12
6
1
6
27
1
10
7
30
10
1
9
4
6
62
15
30
1
15
13
1
15
5
3
5
1
1
2
29
2
16
3
1
I
6
Unknown
57
TABLE 16. IMMIGRANT NEW ARRIVALS ADMITTED BY SELECTED PORT OF ENTRY
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
nSCAL YEAR 1997
Region and country
of birth
All
ports
Chicago
El Paso
Los
Angeles
Miami
Newark
New
York
San
Francisco
Washington,
DC
All countries
Europe
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia, former
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Unknown republic ..
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former ...
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Moldova
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other republics
Unknown repubUc ..
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Other & unknown ...
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, People's Rep.
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
380,719
43,096
4,159
189
214
2,042
587
168
380
39
767
2,817
510
388
519
631
218
436
327
7,320
825
3,877
9,955
995
171
294
171
5,761
1,847
207
507
2
436
447
572
3,385
1,761
132
1,629
714
159,969
570
7,266
831
1,166
27,852
4,069
25,160
439
5,406
1,165
842
1,882
3,139
7,541
446
276
2,274
334
246
8,918
35,580
454
148
627
1,362
21,195
8366
808
14
15
585
74
20
53
1
50
225
48
21
42
58
27
219
14
3,251
2
899
1,247
16
19
60
17
701
360
10
64
14
79
37
254
333
32
301
50
10318
13
62
14
6
907
164
3,791
5
356
174
91
90
883
392
114
4
461
3
8
711
1.347
52
2
18
225
49,007
10
1
18
1
6
3
51,586
2,968
56
18
24
145
27
15
9
3
83
164
30
47
20
41
7
9
26
59
6
301
1,343
796
34
18
9
305
94
19
67
1
11
36
65
329
78
6
72
43
39,228
105
415
288
848
7,025
944
2,528
208
1,455
110
66
569
203
1,966
33
183
307
118
69
514
12,005
33
40
190
264
28,141
1,039
142
11
12
22
14
7
7
63
141
7
19
6
41
4
5
15
35
7
53
84
1
59
14
3
6
60
27
24
179
35
2
33
33
829
2
108
50
7
168
3
86
8
12
5
45
30
19
3
55
3
119
13
12
3
24
13,184
3,992
549
5
7
271
240
29
206
5
42
208
11
11
22
36
28
13
6
1,090
226
168
446
7
4
23
13
222
150
6
21
38
69
22
256
154
23
131
74
3304
9
152
27
1
373
28
708
2
164
21
42
5
69
142
19
I
193
12
2
124
765
18
4
50
34
92,768
11,701
1,525
42
43
504
53
23
25
5
138
278
231
127
248
214
64
87
41
1,831
143
926
3,669
74
62
127
53
2,383
683
111
176
102
53
132
493
608
21
587
149
36341
231
4,573
143
88
6,613
502
8,908
31
841
150
361
130
988
817
127
15
413
58
50
4,822
1,722
165
15
118
346
25,936
1,123
3
10
6
63
16
6
7
3
55
90
9
16
34
16
8
3
25
34
9
112
264
16
9
9
5
145
49
4
26
1
14
24
15
208
48
5
43
41
23,445
51
53
224
88
6,267
1,145
2,138
62
457
38
21
214
91
761
9
32
27
58
27
329
8,009
8
48
46
28
9,225
1387
50
6
18
37
15
7
7
1
51
192
12
26
13
22
23
15
36
20
11
71
416
14
11
9
5
312
26
1
38
14
16
48
193
49
2
47
33
3,483
41
233
12
8
72
3
1,052
5
448
33
12
12
77
494
12
8
81
2
6
479
23
39
2
56
54
See footnotes at end of table.
58
TABLE 16. IMMIGRANT NEW ARRIVALS ADMITTED BY SELECTED PORT OF ENTRY
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Region and country
of birth
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
\Xrica
Algeria
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Other Africa
>ceania „.„
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Other Oceania
Jorth America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean „.„....„
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Lucia
St. Vincent &
Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago .
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America ..
outh America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Venezuela
Other South America ..
tnknown or not
reported
- Represents zero.
All
ports
2.554
1,051
2,086
14.108
1,484
693
26^37
384
507
710
3.542
757
3.967
3.703
599
1,070
1.534
4.835
1.288
312
901
719
1.709
2^25
656
1,205
278
186
123^9
3.191
52.419
48,730
117
356
2,355
390
20.191
360
9.304
11.575
301
282
2,813
686
19,250
326
549
8,699
3,091
4,036
1,291
1,258
9
25,150
453
559
1,021
479
6.037
4.692
5.510
5.234
823
342
43
Chicago
33
64
109
87
73
59
2,143
17
67
116
163
824
130
54
28
23
398
49
20
55
49
150
18
15
1
2
301
54
68
109
5
4
8
91
1
70
1
54
15
49
1
9
4
9
9
3
6
1
7
BlPaso
48,964
1
48,924
12
27
2
8
13
4
15
1
1
4
3
1
2
3
Los
Angeles
1.090
519
131
6.877
20
105
1302
21
12
303
71
316
42
33
1
32
228
12
I
105
19
106
1,865
398
1.163
200
104
5,082
54
34
49
7
2
36
1
3
4,944
48
74
3,270
1,007
338
165
42
1
1,141
94
3
101
70
237
80
5
531
3
17
Miami
38
3
3
5
469
101
8
42
10
17
11
44
3
1
179
6
33
9
6
18,014
32
41
13^53
93
57
2,260
28
1,812
27
5,051
2,879
38
26
928
54
4,688
148
255
588
656
1.565
744
732
7,781
191
537
324
227
2,626
1,137
438
1,632
544
125
Newark
98
15
38
75
95
18
2351
12
26
2^12
9
1
1.709
3
482
4
4
101
4
6
2
87
2,592
3
3
13
4
971
330
4
1,246
16
2
New
York
202
62
1,051
1,791
851
157
943
11,469
11
182
21
103
3
535
39
2.122
63
51
273
373
43
2,551
41
130
64
705
13
1,161
210
1,413
12
765
20
128
45
243
18
337
67
670
49
41
4
4
23,168
441
31
20,607
7
192
16
18
10,695
97
3,305
4,711
29
100
1,329
108
2,085
3
50
897
287
791
21
36
4
10,040
113
5
321
105
1,685
2.451
3.936
1.116
173
135
San
Francisco
448
97
26
2,512
53
78
460
17
19
41
136
g
34
4
4
102
12
6
17
9
43
104
87
7
7
3
769
29
41
6
1
692
12
530
48
17
80
5
1
35
5
2
3
8
1
14
I
Washington,
DC
1
57
94
44
7
16
11
10
1,684
11
10
15
2
1
2
6
1,648
16
1,436
152
32
9
3
72
55
Other
677
237
599
2,719
382
254
2388
7,163
16
112
154
136
2
170
68
774
133
227
956
1,047
232
687
44
246
21
247
9
281
503
1,937
134
301
45
91
30
227
131
150
110
530
267
98
34
60
75
23,266
2.557
3,244
12,467
14
107
49
343
5.966
230
932
3,372
234
155
548
517
4,995
127
137
1,970
870
1.287
266
338
3
3,425
50
9
189
67
497
676
1.120
685
79
53
43
59
TABLE 17. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND
STATE OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997
State of intended
residence
AU
countries
Bangladesh
Canada
China,
People's
RepubUc
Colombia
Cuba
Dominican
Republic
Ecuador
El
Salvador
Guatemala
Total
798378
1,613
8,681
8
11,609
52
41,147
145
13,004
13
33,587
9
27,053
1
7,780
6
17,969
5
7,785
Alabama
6
Alaska
1,060
.
36
55
15
1
23
1
10
8
Arizona
8,632
40
312
303
32
38
7
9
70
61
Arkansas
1,428
2
47
79
15
5
-
4
33
21
California
203,305
485
1,339
13,058
737
379
57
436
7,380
3,179
Colorado
7,506
16
155
371
47
48
15
9
43
50
Connecticut
9,528
143
211
405
417
151
265
220
61
115
Delaware
1,148
10
68
105
19
5
15
4
1
16
District of Columbia
3,373
48
32
117
16
11
64
9
562
40
Florida
82,318
300
1,396
726
3,702
28,433
1,663
718
498
503
Georgia
12,623
6,867
147
2
254
70
477
479
124
12
122
1
26
38
3
117
3
53
Hawaii
4
Idaho
1,447
38,128
3,892
2,766
92
16
14
46
353
169
50
77
1,280
269
111
3
236
21
13
11
159
10
1
1
79
5
12
319
12
4
6
170
21
32
16
425
30
Iowa
31
Kansas
2,829
19
67
131
16
9
6
4
32
24
Kentucky
1,939
3,319
817
19,090
17,317
14,727
15
21
160
86
305
121
118
105
138
303
799
137
182
59
1,145
1,270
685
17
51
8
198
271
67
101
145
6
106
48
121
9
8
2
180
1,285
51
6
23
2
96
45
19
13
42
2
1,516
220
18
19
51
Maine
3
252
Massachusetts
198
Michigan
67
Minnesota
8,233
34
178
265
75
31
6
29
34
64
Mississippi
1,118
14
45
51
9
56
5
4
2
5
Missouri
4,190
19
99
336
26
100
12
7
12
38
Montana
375
_
80
30
9
1
-
1
2
Nebraska
2,270
.
24
80
2
50
1
2
33
32
Nevada
6,541
64
103
175
42
371
22
13
235
138
New Hampshire
1,143
7
85
57
30
1
33
6
-
11
41,184
2,610
123,716
5,935
535
8,189
478
5
4,909
20
4
57
280
34
890
291
70
256
1,700
125
9,689
340
12
666
2,004
10
3,350
53
2
61
1,142
114
497
110
11
25
3,240
14,537
28
29
1,390
4
3,935
23
14
594
8
1,782
52
13
308
New Mexico
19
New York
717
42
North Dakota
-
Ohio
32
Oklahoma
3,157
7,699
27
14
53
205
136
460
26
27
7
133
4
4
8
11
20
57
37
Oregon
88
Pennsylvania
14,553
158
320
1,064
198
154
239
61
47
76
Rhode Island
2,543
3
24
91
205
6
507
25
18
183
South Carolina
2,446
3
114
128
93
12
10
1
2
15
South Dakota
490
4,357
57,897
2,840
627
31
505
2
25
221
742
109
94
19
224
1.520
160
36
4
23
385
19
2
6
119
336
4
11
83
9
1
1
8
95
15
13
2,296
49
2
1
20
Texas
369
Utah
37
Vermont
1
Virginia
19,277
345
235
787
170
173
67
93
1,747
283
Washington
18,656
31
657
937
42
35
1
10
75
60
3
418
11
14
38
4
-
3
-
-
Wisconsin
3,175
8
87
225
22
8
11
2
11
27
Wyoming
252
-
19
19
2
1
"
2
U.S. territories and
possessions
Guam
2,083
3
1
55
-
1
-
"
■
Northern Mariana Is
103
-
-
11
-
-
-
-
"
Puerto Rico
4,884
1,110
-
4
6
41
55
2
165
4,162
264
18
4
11
2
Virgin Islands
1
Armed Services Posts ...
93
-
1
4
2
-
-
2
"
"
Other or unknown
7
-
2
-
-
-
1
-
-
See footnotes al end of table.
60
TABLE 17. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND
STATE OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Slate of intended
residence
Foul
Mabaraa
Maska
Vrizona
Arkansas
iTalifomia
Colorado
Connecticut
Jelaware
Jistrict of Columbia
lorida
jeorgia ...
lawaii
daho
Uinois
ndiana ....
Dwa
Kansas
Kentucky .
ouisiana
laine
laryland
lassachusetts ...
lichigan
linnesota
lississippi
lissouri
lontana
ebraska
evada
ew Hampshire
ew Jersey
sw Mexico
:w York
arth Carolina ...
arth Dakota
Iiio
dahoma
■egon
nnsylvania
lode Island
lUth Carolina
luth Dakota ..
■nnessee
xas
ah
;rmont
rginia
ashington
est Virginia ...
isconsin
yoming
S. territories and
possessions
lam
irthem Mariana Is. ..
ertoRico
rgin Islands
med Services Posts
her or unknown
Guyana
7^7
8
3
7
2
109
6
82
10
30
497
79
3
18
7
3
6
3
15
3
234
43
9
71
4
2
3
2
559
5,203
13
26
3
35
I
14
6
53
I
36
22
3
I
3
19
Haiti
15,057
2
15
1
45
9
388
59
26
7,262
54
I
3
140
13
2
5
10
16
3
175
1,123
59
19
13
4
5
8
15
1,256
3,884
13
I
19
2
20
186
72
Honduras
7,616
20
3
34
9
1,030
45
69
4
18
1,959
64
4
5
184
40
12
15
8
328
3
142
156
34
14
14
27
18
43
6
609
11
1,444
47
1
24
31
11
71
India
38,071
159
9
250
75
7,989
150
533
117
51
1,239
857
24
21
3,311
271
110
174
152
208
16
1,280
856
1,241
305
135
241
13
74
98
66
4,757
98
4,833
493
12
809
245
169
1,303
42
5
24
227
29
1
-
8
1
12
15
356
72
22
710
2,569
606
26
44
39
-
2
11
8
27
189
1,257
469
35
43
501
173
1
-
53
10
8
19
232
39
2
4
I
-
-
2
.
5
18
9
;
12
1
2
1
12
-
-
-
-
-
Iran
9,642
55
4
109
14
4,794
82
60
9
32
283
220
5
17
190
55
17
58
44
26
2
439
169
135
98
16
64
4
9
55
7
160
6
427
115
89
88
145
5
Jamaica
17,840
610
331
98
32
7
24
4
12
11
1,185
9
7,461
36
1
71
4
10
427
31
15
13
117
5
5
123
14
3
32
6
30
footnotes at end of ubie.
Korea
14,239
20
45
3
68
9
85
5
29
260
4,016
21
179
941
103
54
53
87
18
5,246
211
231
383
2
287
2
12
169
588
24
79
-
79
4
48
12
58
17
29
6
7
817
197
266
180
14
95
8
37
61
32
1,079
22
1,832
155
I
140
93
188
458
11
41
17
73
501
39
14
709
577
11
60
4
118
3
Mexico
146,865
160
111
4.764
487
68,450
2,542
192
95
40
3,131
1,545
83
747
10,466
791
548
974
145
98
5
329
70
994
516
56
311
20
736
3,002
27
655
1,567
1,774
466
11
304
1,120
2,145
655
54
237
41
347
30,862
878
6
528
3,124
10
530
79
35
1
Nigeria
7,038
42
2
28
8
584
42
57
28
154
233
323
1
328
44
13
16
22
39
1
941
207
177
112
26
64
7
8
9
526
5
1,222
125
103
57
15
160
77
25
1
68
951
14
1
100
29
8
32
2
Pakistan
12,967
46
5
56
17
1,739
52
220
30
35
609
219
5
6
951
85
16
58
40
66
4
489
169
316
47
28
67
5
18
43
1,026
13
3,451
113
6
146
50
19
251
18
24
65
1,207
36
6
900
103
15
59
2
61
TABLE 17. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND
STATE OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
State of intended
residence
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Russia
Taiwan
Ukraine
United
Kingdom
Vietnam
Other
Total
10,853
49,117
12,038
16,632
6,745
15,696
10,708
38,519
192,863
Alabama
13
67
14
44
7
13
69
95
491
Alaska
13
379
8
50
1
7
20
17
206
Arizona
35
293
40
115
47
38
160
222
1,453
Arkansas
14
41
27
37
11
13
38
120
274
California
1,660
21,827
382
2,798
3,439
3,196
2,263
15,697
35,977
Colorado
75
247
81
287
58
141
174
628
1,933
Connecticut
329
310
695
207
35
112
236
224
2,747
Delaware
16
54
7
22
8
9
45
4
281
District of Columbia
65
82
4
52
12
8
58
243
1,459
Florida
2,183
1,495
312
352
129
185
1,152
954
16,947
Georgia
87
276
34
287
68
185
392
2,210
3,751
Hawaii
7
4,266
7
19
57
3
28
214
1,277
Idaho
14
57
7
20
4
8
25
47
280
Illinois
170
2,757
4,372
755
108
1,037
317
727
8,427
Indiana
17
200
54
116
25
60
77
158
1,223
Iowa
6
52
6
73
20
21
36
516
980
Kansas
17
104
2
64
20
24
76
401
455
Kentucky
8
69
8
62
2
30
45
157
626
Louisiana
31
157
12
38
29
6
90
611
862
Maine
6
36
12
32
1
18
26
39
410
Maryland
327
875
53
504
195
228
285
438
6,938
Massachusetts
111
214
300
783
102
538
331
976
6,915
Michigan
35
581
403
409
91
233
309
445
6,760
Minnesota
29
182
34
334
21
154
83
684
4,602
Mississippi
7
128
2
22
9
1
39
127
292
Missouri
14
210
23
183
57
41
75
402
1,628
Montana
2
33
4
16
4
6
11
6
116
Nebraska
6
54
15
46
3
12
25
542
432
Nevada
44
799
20
36
35
11
63
110
928
New Hampshire
3
47
13
38
12
21
68
113
417
New Jersey
2,025
2,392
1,485
614
364
427
467
459
10.003
New Mexico
9
2,089
59
2,614
4
2,829
47
3,833
8
550
5
5,037
34
942
97
702
297
New York
33,283
32
3
37
241
21
309
23
1
77
177
10
569
49
71
55
3
414
180
16
194
499
45
343
2,171
North Dakota
304
Ohio
3,265
Oklahoma
51
105
10
61
23
6
52
206
634
Oregon
22
292
20
382
47
567
121
781
1,800
Pennsylvania
107
463
283
669
105
798
417
784
4,919
15
22
1
25
63
147
20
150
28
11
3
19
51
90
21
127
2
29
5
24
31
22
38
72
41
140
11
115
25
179
23
383
906
787
243
1,745
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
233
1,519
118
551
427
143
612
3,123
7,242
Utah
76
84
11
90
42
35
49
160
808
Vermont
-
18
4
18
2
1
31
73
290
Virginia
623
1,155
34
352
133
78
345
919
7,400
Washington
83
1,514
70
974
193
1,503
225
2,508
5,117
West Virginia
.
33
3
20
8
.
10
3
154
Wisconsin
14
127
52
156
28
100
58
52
1,175
Wyoming
8
17
1
14
4
2
10
3
56
U.S. territories and
possessions
Guam
1
1,739
2
20
-
2
22
114
Northern Mariana Is
-
86
1
1
-
-
-
4
Puerto Rico .
32
1
2
6
1
-
-
4
13
3
308
726
Virgin Islands
Armed Services Posts ...
47
1
-
-
3
23
Other or unknown
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
- Represents zero.
1
62
TABLE 18. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY STATE OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1989-97
Stale of intended
residence
Total
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Aricansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia ...
Hawaii ....
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky .
Louisiana .
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts ...
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico ....
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota ...
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania ...
Rhode Island ...
South Carolina
South Dakota ...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia ..
Wisconsin
Wyoming
U.S. territories and
possessions
Guam
Northern Mariana Islands
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Other or unknown
1989
1,090,924
1.792
1,013
11,238
1,074
457,417
7,101
8,430
708
4,759
48.474
8.093
7.292
1.875
69,263
2,580
1,760
3,842
1,396
3.925
795
14.258
20,990
9,552
5,704
845
3,320
376
1,120
5,242
1,140
42.187
7,210
134,766
4,634
323
7,185
4,366
4,773
12.895
3,134
1.787
265
2,763
112,927
2,926
436
15,690
13,630
500
4,210
461
1,775
140
4,691
1,767
109
1990
1,536,483
1.775
1,207
23,737
1,245
682,979
9.125
10.678
868
5.467
71.603
10,431
8,441
1,815
83,858
3,392
2,252
3.925
1,365
4.024
883
17,106
25,338
10,990
6,627
931
3,820
484
1,573
8,270
1,191
52.670
8,840
189,589
5,387
448
7,419
5,274
7,880
14,757
3,683
2.130
287
2.893
174.132
3,335
614
19,005
15.129
552
5,293
542
1,851
105
7,138
1,733
397
1991
1,827,167
2,706
1.525
40,642
2.559
732,735
13,782
12.365
1,937
5.510
141.068
23,556
8,659
7,088
73,388
4,512
3,331
5,620
1,753
4,917
1,155
17,470
27,020
16,090
7,461
1,254
4,470
826
3,020
10,470
1,421
56,164
13.519
188,104
16,772
565
8,632
6,403
24.575
20.033
3,644
3.836
519
3,828
212,600
5,737
709
24,942
33,826
763
5,888
566
2,113
114
10,353
2,083
2,569
1992
973,977
2,109
1.165
15.792
1.039
336.663
6,553
10,345
1,034
4.275
61.127
11.243
8.199
1,186
43,532
3.115
2.228
2.924
2,119
4,230
847
15.408
22,231
14,268
6,851
842
4,250
493
1,486
5,086
1,250
48.314
3.907
149,399
6.425
513
10,194
3,147
6.275
16,213
2,920
2,118
522
2,995
75,533
2,744
668
17,739
15,861
723
4,261
281
2.464
67
6,347
1,754
1993
703
904,292
2,298
1.286
9,778
1,312
260,090
6,650
10.966
1.132
3,608
61,423
10,213
8,528
1,270
46.744
4.539
2,626
3,225
2,182
3,725
838
16,899
25.011
14.913
7,438
906
4,644
509
1,980
4,045
1.263
50.285
3.409
151,209
6,892
601
10.703
2,942
7.250
16,964
3,168
2.195
543
4,287
67,380
3,266
709
16,451
17,147
689
5,168
263
3,072
158
7,614
1,610
276
1994
804,416
1,837
1,129
9,141
1,031
208,498
6.825
9.537
984
3.204
58,093
10.032
7.746
1,559
42,400
3,725
2,163
2,902
2,036
3,366
829
15.937
22,882
12,728
7,098
815
4,362
447
1,595
4,051
1.144
44.083
2.936
144,354
6.204
635
9,184
2,728
6,784
15,971
2,907
2,110
570
3,608
56.158
2.951
658
15.342
18.180
663
5,328
217
2,531
120
10,463
1,426
209
1995
720,461
1,900
1,049
7,700
934
166,482
7,713
9,240
1,051
3,047
62.023
12,381
7,537
1,612
33,898
3,590
2,260
2,434
1,857
3,000
814
15,055
20,523
14,135
8,111
757
3,990
409
1,831
4,306
1,186
39,729
2,758
128,406
5,617
483
8,585
2.792
4.923
15,065
2,609
2,165
495
3,392
49,963
2,831
535
16.319
15.862
540
4.919
252
2,419
171
7.160
1,511
135
1996
1997
• RepresenLs zero. X Not applicable.
915,900
1,782
1,280
8.900
1.494
201.529
8.895
10.874
1,377
3,784
79,461
12,608
8,436
1,825
42,517
4,692
3,037
4.303
2.019
4,092
1.028
20.732
23.085
17,253
8,977
1,073
5,690
449
2,150
5,874
1,512
63,303
5,780
154,095
7,011
606
10,237
3,511
7,554
16,938
3,098
2,151
519
4,343
83,385
4,250
654
21,375
18,833
583
3,607
280
2,820
176
8,560
1,384
119
798378
1.613
1,060
8.632
1.428
203,305
7.506
9.528
1,148
3,373
82,318
12,623
6,867
1,447
38,128
3,892
2,766
2,829
1,939
3.319
817
19.090
17,317
14,727
8,233
1,118
4,190
375
2,270
6,541
1,143
41,184
2,610
123,716
5,935
535
8,189
3,157
7,699
14,553
2,543
2,446
490
4,357
57,897
2,840
627
19,277
18,656
418
3,175
252
2,083
103
4,884
1,110
100
63
TABLE 19. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND SELECTED
METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Metropolitan statistical area '
AU
countries
Bangla-
desh
Canada
China,
People's
Republic
Colom-
bia
Cuba
Domi-
nican
Republic
Ecuador
El
Salvador
Total
New York, NY
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
Miami, FL
Chicago, IL
Washington, DC-MD-VA
Orange County, CA
Houston, TX
San Jose, CA
San Francisco, CA
Oakland, CA
San Diego, CA
Boston-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA
Dallas, TX
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
Newark, NJ
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Detroit, MI
Atlanta, GA
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
Sacramento, CA
Jersey City, NJ
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL
Orlando, FL
Honolulu, HI
Fresno, CA
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
Denver, CO
Baltimore, MD
Fort Worth-ArHngton, TX
Las Vegas, NV
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury, CT
El Paso, TX
Ventura, CA
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
Hartford. CT
San Juan, PR
San Antonio, TX
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
Salinas, CA
Bakersfield. CA
Stockton-Lodi, CA
St. Louis, MO-IL
Providence- Warwick-Pawtucket, RI
Other MSA
Non-MSA
Unknown
See foomoles at end of table.
798^78
107,434
62,314
45,707
35,386
31,444
18,190
17,439
17,374
16,892
15,723
14,758
13,937
11,061
10,858
10,801
10,692
10,646
10,019
9,823
9,788
9,518
9,167
7.654
7,529
6.859
6,320
6,081
5.858
5,374
5,326
5,161
5,057
5,022
4,634
4.591
4.344
4,101
3.850
3.821
3.298
3,264
3,135
2.979
2.825
2.821
2.749
2.747
2.725
2.490
2.470
121,547
54,674
101
8,681
4.661
295
33
82
457
32
84
41
17
17
16
83
96
190
46
26
72
279
141
162
40
168
7
46
7
12
38
91
61
2
12
32
13
33
257
14
43
1
4
59
9
9
II
3
650
229
11,609
412
338
151
289
198
136
181
190
127
149
110
240
184
144
68
273
329
492
192
57
55
61
27
28
103
147
56
130
135
43
18
221
248
80
58
83
73
116
8
20
11
52
4
47
52
9
25
6
63
24
3,672
1,670
4
41,147
8,683
4,203
161
1,117
1,367
498
709
1,564
3,178
1,751
549
1.061
396
832
337
743
134
357
348
311
185
500
249
191
209
336
441
68
75
464
56
89
193
200
353
96
110
93
6
60
5
136
18
45
186
22
32
54
218
88
6,150
1,916
13,004
2,833
313
2.095
221
290
83
219
38
43
60
49
235
65
139
693
21
749
38
100
599
54
401
13
462
59
18
112
247
270
9
2
129
26
27
35
15
26
246
1
4
5
87
26
25
16
2
8
9
13
205
1.117
450
1
33,587
250
187
24,682
155
86
24
90
13
45
15
47
41
107
45
263
14
720
28
60
71
16
26
6
729
20
125
29
773
350
2
997
33
28
55
28
365
39
5
1
2
81
76
44
4
1
2
25
6
1,838
938
27,053
13,867
15
1.104
69
274
8
46
4
3
5
3
1.201
6
248
498
1
173
12
22
1.137
11
527
2
813
5
1
493
53
176
1
76
6
12
18
4
21
150
5
43
2.687
6
11
2
506
898
1,822
7,780
3.655
289
390
310
170
28
42
9
15
15
9
26
17
34
534
6
125
12
33
185
32
240
3
522
27
5
71
30
68
3
2
35
9
4
12
11
10
124
2
11
1
19
3
1
5
1
2
3
25
438
155
17,969
860
4.834
261
165
3.601
284
1.625
135
834
374
65
189
407
27
163
23
78
6
100
93
260
870
54
240
20
20
38
35
50
103
19
55
32
60
48
136
34
6
64
8
12
3
27
5
34
66
9
3
18
987
529
64
TABLE 19. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND SELECTED
METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Metropolitan statistical area '
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
India
Iran
Jamaica
Korea
Mexico
Nigeria
Pakistan
Total.- „
New York, NY
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
Miami, IT-
Chicago, IL
Washington, DC-MD-VA
Orange County, CA
Houston, TX
San Jose, CA
San Francisco, CA
Oakland, CA
San Diego, CA
Boston-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA
Dallas, TX
PhUadelphia, PA-NJ
Newark, NJ
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Detroit, MI
Atlanta. GA
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
Sacramento, CA
Jersey City, NJ
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL
Orlando, FL
Honolulu. HI
Fresno, CA
Tampa- St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
Denver, CO
Baltimore, MD
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Las Vegas, NV
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury, CT
El Paso, TX
Ventura, CA
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
Hanford, CT
San Juan, PR
San Antonio, TX
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
Salinas, CA
Bakersfield, CA
Stockton-Lodi, CA
St. Louis, MO-IL
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, RI
Other MSA
Non-MSA
Unknown
See footnotes at end of table.
7^7
4,922
46
142
18
262
5
30
5
2
16
24
13
30
286
10
125
8
62
62
18
227
3
112
71
2
74
18
99
3
1
41
7
I
21
3
2
9
44
10
1
I
312
100
15,057
3,475
21
3.048
126
166
14
9
2
2
1,097
2
160
910
22
1,476
7
45
39
5
346
55
9
19
22
1,566
481
70
9
4
15
1
8
346
1
15
I
4
I
2
72
1,046
337
1
7,616
1,239
644
1,402
160
287
43
413
52
67
29
41
132
97
34
117
16
179
9
50
47
45
118
18
265
9
16
71
115
59
4
12
83
21
18
25
23
40
48
6
15
13
12
2
30
8
3
II
I
8
8
1,094
356
I
38,071
3.587
1.318
153
3,133
1.772
508
1.057
1,835
371
1.315
126
694
698
1,015
801
392
184
931
627
850
256
665
353
720
276
131
1,565
90
180
24
389
266
162
81
376
169
49
221
28
101
13
171
8
97
243
47
125
148
170
39
7,502
2,038
I
9,642
231
2,477
48
175
748
512
259
496
226
297
253
115
168
92
51
150
43
73
193
41
79
122
110
15
95
71
24
27
65
3
22
46
90
63
105
43
40
26
3
33
1
15
41
33
3
14
11
27
4
1.370
393
17,840
6,707
147
1,590
167
601
13
65
3
6
34
18
260
15
373
482
8
2,148
75
206
367
470
11
48
27
7
50
654
308
1
1
143
8
14
142
13
11
308
523
2
4
35
I
II
31
1,292
426
14,239
1,535
2,211
16
521
922
497
122
267
166
152
116
165
208
412
103
324
34
130
286
648
112
153
78
39
136
138
98
14
29
264
19
41
52
118
351
39
56
41
19
35
2
36
2
12
35
34
20
14
49
10
2,149
1,201
8
146,865
1,498
17,470
507
9,585
538
5,988
6,036
2,164
1,720
3,099
5.994
60
4,409
433
96
597
166
426
775
179
5.263
127
1,389
87
319
879
80
241
311
30
3.687
480
2,304
1.424
92
1,559
1,538
90
3,556
2,004
3,033
30
5
1,867
58
2,080
1,861
1,476
97
53
29,413
19,692
7,038
1.081
223
68
307
907
21
480
24
21
128
31
191
272
156
299
21
30
132
291
33
40
77
43
35
108
13
80
5
39
1
12
39
25
32
236
74
4
3
3
2
27
11
15
5
39
74
1,074
198
12,967
2,836
411
161
911
1,086
159
646
187
84
272
39
134
230
227
194
90
136
208
178
124
92
347
112
197
45
14
221
36
117
5
26
54
33
44
178
139
32
58
6
II
87
22
34
3
13
130
30
10
1,895
662
1
65
TABLE 19. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND SELECTED
METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Metropolitan statistical area '
Peru
Philip-
pines
Poland
Russia
Taiwan
Trinidad
Ukraine
United
Kingdom
Vietnam
Total.
New York, NY
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
Miami, FL
Chicago, IL
Washington, DC-MD-VA
Orange County, CA
Houston, TX
San Jose, CA
San Francisco, CA
Oakland, CA
San Diego, CA
Boston-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA ,
Dallas, TX
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
Newark, NJ
Seattle-Bellevue-Everen, WA
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Detroit, MI
Atlanta, GA
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
Sacramento, CA
Jersey City, NJ
MinneapoUs-St. Paul, MN-WI
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ .
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL ...
Orlando, FL
Honolulu, HI
Fresno, CA
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
Denver, CO
Baltimore, MD
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Las Vegas, NV
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury, CT
El Paso,TX
Ventura, CA
McAUen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
Hartford, CT
San Juan, PR
San Antonio, TX
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
Salinas, CA
Bakersfield, CA
Stockton-Lodi, CA
St. Louis, MO-IL
Providence- Warwick-Pawtucket, RI .
Other MSA
Non-MSA .
Unknown .,
10,853
1,675
650
1,325
156
902
151
101
121
226
190
51
88
69
45
476
56
457
5
63
795
76
319
28
432
24
14
213
71
132
5
12
89
26
46
38
15
30
87
5
32
2
172
18
7
10
2
8
3
9
15
978
333
49,117
2,111
6,281
223
2,553
1,228
944
505
2,076
2,685
2,519
2,784
149
206
414
463
1,021
140
366
143
502
874
313
503
607
129
230
358
96
215
3,126
177
161
201
138
217
65
580
87
43
373
93
71
2
105
92
249
296
335
110
60
6,453
5,397
48
12,038
2,390
100
42
4,314
48
35
34
46
36
47
37
121
24
227
332
63
66
355
25
593
8
297
28
162
32
8
155
34
19
4
1
59
33
46
28
28
16
159
1
390
12
47
2
21
27
1,162
316
16,632
3,309
710
93
680
518
80
163
325
520
197
176
605
154
398
130
444
44
261
243
186
47
186
364
31
299
535
100
45
32
12
28
34
62
205
226
81
24
70
3
20
64
1
II
260
9
13
133
45
3,429
1,026
1
6,745
435
1,439
23
99
236
241
200
714
262
367
96
85
124
66
108
178
21
44
56
74
83
75
29
16
20
39
87
7
29
53
13
14
28
32
46
28
33
17
4
18
3
12
4
6
12
42
2
769
348
6,409
3,239
64
247
20
392
3
83
8
5
6
12
136
13
157
182
3
346
19
50
62
7
242
1
63
12
1
38
69
101
2
75
2
6
140
4
4
21
19
2
4
5
9
386
145
15,696
4,757
920
49
1,024
113
33
30
169
753
114
125
354
71
623
130
920
27
188
157
77
19
78
906
40
147
733
61
21
12
2
2
21
15
114
162
22
8
21
1
2
60
3
268
4
2
31
31
1,918
358
10,708
680
554
155
271
372
176
244
431
269
186
150
258
150
280
155
135
227
191
249
78
71
97
82
25
60
89
90
109
162
20
20
150
98
78
111
33
49
126
1
47
5
47
I
35
34
13
13
30
45
29
2,720
1,004
3
38,519
409
2,094
24
620
1,266
5,274
1,359
3,458
513
1,020
817
718
706
629
68
1,537
57
115
2,059
30
468
73
596
38
547
794
41
40
323
209
29
297
130
529
109
557
63
81
1
73
4
99
65
93
44
13
122
207
24
7,918
2,159
Ranked by the number of immigrants. See Glossary for definition of melropolilaii statistical area. - Represents zero.
66
TABLE 20. IMMIGRANT BENEFICIARIES OF OCCUPATIONAL PREFERENCES ADMITTED
BY TYPE OF ADMISSION AND OCCUPATION
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Occupation
All occupations ■
Professional specialty and technical occupations ....
Architects
Engineers, surveyors, and mapping scientists
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosticians
Doctors
Others
Health assessment and treating personnel
Nurses
Others
Teachers (postsecondary)
Teachers (except postsecondary)
Counselors (educational and vocational)
Librarians, archivists, and curators
Social scientists and urban planners
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Lawyers and judges
Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes
Technologists and technicians (health)
Technologists and technicians (except
health)
Executive, administrative, and managerial
occupations
Sales occupations
Administrative support occupations (including
clerical)
Precision prxxluction, craft, and repair occupations ....
Operator, fabricator, and laborer occupations
Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations
Service occupations
No occupation
Homemaker
Unemployed or retired
Students and/or children under age 16
Unknown or not reported
- Represents zero.
Total
798378
62,674
555
10.387
2,612
3,546
6,182
5,387
795
9,089
6,187
2,902
3,430
7,882
263
128
726
3,557
903
5,239
1,478
6,697
26,353
14,291
18,345
20,460
71,718
13,402
53,301
479,939
124,352
104,613
250,974
37,895
Employment-based principals
Total
40332
20,510
73
3,825
1,525
2,357
1,876
1,713
163
3,673
2,798
875
1,164
465
44
11
130
2,658
40
1,063
433
1,173
8,641
313
664
1,772
1,040
139
5,682
656
27
266
363
915
1st pref.
9,139
3,163
7
392
222
1,035
204
183
21
SO
5
45
505
91
7
2
43
4
5
596
5,658
1
317
2nd pref.
8393
7,108
25
2,213
606
1,224
1,534
1,439
95
160
40
120
523
114
16
7
74
19
23
88
168
314
872
23
88
47
3
56
196
3rd pref.
(skilled
worker or
profes-
sional)
14,668
7,346
40
1,211
696
97
114
70
44
3,443
2,739
704
106
170
18
2
11
27
10
327
254
820
1,713
238
460
1,466
473
106
2,553
35
1
20
14
278
3rd pref.
(other
workers)
4,036
74
2
I
5
3
2
8
7
I
2
16
I
3
14
14
50
43
65
226
537
28
2,961
52
4th pref.
3,652
2,779
I
3
2
1
5
4
1
23
71
3
1
2,605
I
36
2
24
31
3
34
31
29
1
110
577
5
238
334
57
5th pref.
444
40
I
3
16
16
7
3
4
5
3
317
6
17
2
1
1
2
43
21
8
14
15
All other
immi-
grants
758,046
42,164
482
6,562
1,087
1,189
4306
3,674
632
5,416
3,389
2,027
2,266
7,417
219
117
596
899
863
4,176
1,045
5,524
17,712
13,978
17,681
18,688
70,678
13,263
47,619
479,283
124,325
104,347
250,611
36,980
67
TABLE 21. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Region and country
of birth
Total
Occupation
Total
Profes-
sional
specialty
and tech-
nical
Executive,
admini-
strative,
and man-
agerial
Sales
Admini-
strative
support
Precision
produc-
tion, craft,
and repair
Operator,
fabricator,
and
laborer
Fanning,
forestry,
and
fishing
Service
All countries
Europe
Albania
Bulgaria
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Moldova
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other republics
Unknown republic .
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former .
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Other & unknown
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, People's Rep.
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
798378
119,871
4,375
2,774
2,568
5,723
1,049
949
1,001
1,982
1,059
12,038
1,665
5,545
49,071
2,094
1,450
3,062
1,347
16,632
15,696
3,312
2,534
2,944
1,241
958
1,063
10,708
10,750
6,392
4,358
5,352
265,812
1,129
8,681
1,085
1,638
41,147
5,577
38,071
906
9,642
3,244
2,448
5,097
4,171
14,239
1,935
3.568
1,051
12,967
49,117
1,128
2,269
6,745
3,094
3,145
280,544
43,957
1,486
1,361
1,167
2,795
438
365
605
838
512
6,000
586
2,321
12,223
688
421
741
315
4,054
4,096
534
727
647
511
387
509
5,102
4,615
2,882
1,733
2,136
93,425
307
2,235
392
624
17,040
2,463
13,859
314
3,016
1,045
931
1,504
1,092
3,657
373
1,168
524
3,535
18,127
513
660
2,772
709
1,400
62,674
15,032
674
711
434
1,021
150
171
215
244
200
1,831
40
1,099
4,345
299
115
212
86
1,771
1,293
140
257
172
228
149
205
1,827
660
187
473
828
29,124
89
465
119
46
5,879
586
6,776
86
1,037
184
344
409
312
1,340
26
377
192
1,214
6,184
219
301
1,157
159
500
26353
5,016
55
110
311
543
61
44
90
180
149
214
34
110
735
23
22
26
12
338
191
32
62
29
71
97
114
1,604
129
30
99
365
13,742
29
132
42
15
3,203
773
2,065
76
536
46
164
549
154
697
5
188
124
611
2,515
88
82
911
85
196
14,291
1,874
55
57
61
200
33
13
19
24
19
215
17
93
504
45
19
25
10
153
175
30
28
19
24
26
26
220
143
80
63
125
5312
37
361
49
214
385
156
703
22
300
36
94
59
97
168
3
97
19
207
650
26
47
134
108
63
18345
3315
58
107
82
403
19
32
78
49
39
412
29
193
848
51
25
54
23
333
257
40
38
27
45
36
73
436
192
106
86
184
6398
10
82
41
17
1,510
503
819
41
227
24
73
145
80
326
12
86
49
151
1,293
55
33
279
76
106
20,460
3,716
252
64
34
132
37
22
36
35
17
1,200
139
197
820
63
22
62
27
195
295
52
48
56
26
10
22
171
342
194
148
160
5,578
20
66
42
112
339
104
293
7
261
50
49
31
76
227
33
128
23
97
835
16
58
30
49
151
71,718
7,009
118
69
43
138
53
29
51
82
33
841
113
235
2,674
76
119
199
96
618
1,114
103
137
212
54
26
16
295
1,966
1,522
444
173
12,968
22
117
31
86
1,829
101
401
22
214
487
86
27
164
290
191
105
19
227
1,483
13
39
46
44
94
13,402
631
69
13
7
7
14
1
9
3
7
303
46
21
26
2
1
1
5
13
1
1
2
3
4
3
27
58
8
50
10
7,026
1
80
61
2,734
2
1,558
24
4
6
5
39
27
46
15
2
174
1,400
1
21
23
26
17
53301
7364
205
230
195
351
71
53
107
221
48
984
168
373
2,271
129
99
162
60
641
758
136
156
130
60
39
50
522
1,125
755
370
291
13,277
99
932
68
73
1,161
238
1,244
60
417
214
115
279
170
582
57
172
96
854
3,767
95
79
192
162
273
See footnotes at end of table.
68
TABLE 21. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Region and country
of binh
Total
Occupation
Total
Profes-
sional
specialty
and tech-
nical
Executive,
admini-
strative,
and man-
agerial
Sales
Admini-
strative
support
Precision
produc-
tion, craft,
and repair
Operator,
fabricator,
and
laborer
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
Service
No occu-
pation or
not re-
ported '
Vietnam ....
Yemen
Other Asia .
Africa
Cape Verde ..
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Other Africa .
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
Other Oceania .
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Cuba
Dominican Rep.
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad &
Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other C. America
Other N. America .
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
BrazU
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Venezuela
Others. America .
Unknown or not rep.
38,519
1,663
3.536
47,791
920
5,031
948
5,904
5,105
1,387
2,216
2,359
7,038
1,884
4,005
2,093
2,030
6,871
4,342
1,630
1,549
1,163
307,488
11,609
146,865
105,299
33,587
27,053
15,057
17,840
6,409
5,353
43,676
1,330
17,969
7,785
7,616
6,331
1,981
664
39
52,877
1,964
1,734
4,583
1,443
13,004
7,780
7,257
10,853
3,328
931
197
13,879
400
886
18323
153
2,107
268
1,902
2,117
474
741
933
3,251
713
891
893
870
3,010
1,923
848
583
492
102,935
4,742
39,293
42,288
16,750
8,845
4,537
7,453
2,379
2,324
16,598
439
7,155
2,889
2,444
2,874
602
195
14
19,898
823
628
1,765
604
4,916
3,011
2,422
4,264
1,094
371
83
766
25
332
5,923
20
919
75
393
581
172
238
216
1,435
191
52
423
167
1,041
637
360
102
175
8,662
2,112
945
4,565
1,198
1,271
494
895
383
324
1,037
65
215
171
219
221
119
27
3
3,267
274
84
440
127
710
302
389
558
297
86
29
253
10
193
1,697
3
390
13
97
75
75
79
88
186
49
26
215
57
344
314
192
54
68
3,991
1,390
624
1360
347
401
150
200
137
125
613
37
142
102
141
134
37
20
4
1378
110
38
322
59
304
132
161
232
190
30
15
1,199
24
54
1,455
6
124
14
221
141
39
38
90
397
49
33
45
48
210
112
44
50
IS
4302
196
994
2,403
1,156
387
387
255
110
108
709
12
320
107
105
127
32
6
1,231
54
24
81
46
177
281
141
343
63
21
263
7
90
1,923
3
186
47
303
213
56
96
102
360
114
30
84
67
262
197
70
92
35
5,090
275
1,057
2,757
673
672
218
775
261
158
1,000
20
287
204
142
176
149
22
1
1,416
71
46
109
46
220
270
238
316
70
30
2,447
2
32
1,168
24
75
19
91
456
12
25
98
89
43
27
32
15
162
130
31
58
41
8,199
117
1,961
4,911
2,243
1,099
795
310
257
207
1,210
31
501
240
261
120
38
19
1,662
43
71
83
53
253
450
426
225
30
28
6,509
280
41
2,077
57
133
38
180
149
34
66
85
162
56
494
31
319
273
181
56
56
69
43,277
313
22,208
14,409
8,272
3,227
1,288
936
361
325
6344
206
2,351
1,073
986
1,591
102
35
3
6,194
158
101
354
161
2,393
843
413
1,411
286
74
12
731
25
4
166
9
8
3
8
42
2
13
10
49
2
2
3
4
11
63
5
29
29
5,157
30
3,566
1,296
165
462
370
251
10
38
265
3
161
46
36
14
1
4
359
4
7
6
3
20
92
195
21
2
9
1,711
27
140
3,914
31
272
59
609
460
84
186
244
573
209
227
60
193
707
289
90
142
57
24,257
309
7,938
10,587
2,696
1,326
835
3,831
860
1,039
5,420
65
3,178
946
554
491
124
62
3
4,191
109
257
370
109
839
641
459
1,158
156
93
24,640
1,263
2,650
29,468
767
2,924
680
4,002
2,988
913
1,475
1,426
3,787
1,171
3,114
1,200
1,160
3,861
2,419
782
966
671
204,553
6,867
107,572
63,011
16,837
18,208
10,520
10,387
4,030
3,029
27,078
891
10,814
4,896
5,172
3,457
1,379
469
25
32,979
1,141
1,106
2,818
839
8,088
4,769
4,835
6,589
2,234
560
114
Includes homemakers, students, unemployed or retired persons, and others not reporting or with an unknown occupation.
- Represents zero.
69
II.
This section presents information on persons wtio are admitted to ttie United States
because of persecution abroad, including tlie number and cfiaracteristics
of persons applying, approved, arriving, and adjusting to lawful
permanent resident status.
A refugee is an alien outside the United States who
is unable or unwilling to return to his or her
country of nationality because of persecution or a well-
founded fear of persecution. (See Appendix 3, p. A. 3-9.)
Claims of persecution must be based on race, religion,
nationality, membership in a particular social group, or
political opinion.' Persons within their country of
nationality may be treated as refugees, provided that the
President, after consultation with Congress, declares that
they are of special humanitarian concern to the United
States. The definition of refugee set forth in the
Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended by the
Refugee Act of 1980, (see Appendix 1, p. A. 1-18)
conforms to the 1967 United Nations Protocol on
Refugees.
U.S. Refugee Program
The United States first recognized refugees for entry into
the country in fiscal year 1946. After that time many
different refugee programs were enacted on an ad hoc
basis, including the Displaced Persons Act (see Appendix
1, p. A. 1-10) and the Cuban and Indochinese Refugee
Adjustment Acts. During the first decade of refugee
programs, virtually all refugees entered the United States
as immigrants. Since 1957, most refugees either have been
paroled into the United States under special authority
granted to the Attorney General by the Immigration and
Nationality Act, or have entered in a statutory refugee
status, to be adjusted to lawful permanent resident status at
a later date.
Chart F depicts initial refugee admissions and adjustments
to lawful permanent resident status for the period 1946-97.
This graph demonstrates the time lag between initial
admission and adjustment to immigrant status. At the
The Illegal Immigration Reform and Individual Responsibility Act of
1996, enacted September 30, 1996, Sec. 601, stipulates that a person
qualifies as a refugee or asylee persecuted for political opinion if forced
to undergo, has a well-founded fear of being compelled to undergo, or
resists a coercive population-control procedure. Also, the Act set a
combined annual ceiling of 1,000 persons who may be granted refugee or
asylee status under this provision.
onset of parole programs there generally were no
mechanisms for adjustment to permanent status, thus
creating a recurring need for special legislation. The
Refugee Act of 1980 addressed this situation by providing
for routine adjustment of status by refugees one year after
arrival.
Admission ceilings
At the beginning of each fiscal year, the President, after
consultation with Congress to review the worldwide
refugee situation, determines the number of refugees in
need of resettlement who are of special humanitarian
concern to the United States. The President then
establishes the authorized number of admissions for that
fiscal year. During the year, changes in the need for
resettlement may require revisions in the overall limit on
refugee admissions or reallocation among areas of the
world. The admission ceiling of 78,000 for 1997 was
established and later reallocated among geographic
regions as follows:
Geographic region of origin
Initial
ceiling
Final
ceiling
78,000
7,000
10,000
52,500
4,000
4,500
Total 78,000
Africa 7,000
East Asia 10,000
Eastern Europe / Soviet Union (fmr.) 48,000
Latin America / Caribbean 4,000
Near East / South Asia 4,000
Unallocated, funded 5,000
- Represents zero.
The authorized admission levels set the maximum number
of refugees allowed to enter the United States in a fiscal
year from each of the geographic areas of chargeability.
The authorized ceiling was lowered from 90,000 in 1996
to 78,000 in 1997, continuing a downward trend since the
peak of 142,000 in 1992. An unallocated funded reserve
of 5,000 was placed in the 1997 ceiling to allow for small
increases in one or more areas as needed without
subtracting refugee numbers from other areas.
70
Chart F
Refugee and Asylee Initial Admissions and Adjustments to Lawful Permanent
Resident Status: Fiscal Years 1946-97
Thousands
350-1
300-
250-
200-
150-
100-
50
0-
Initial admissions
Adjustments to lawful permanent
resident status
1946 1950
1955
1949-53 Displaced Persons Act
1954-57 Refugee Relief Act
1 1/56-7/58 Hungarians paroled
1959 Hungarian adjustments began
1966-80 Refugee conditional entrants
1 1 1 1
1960 1965 1970 1975
1 — 1 1 1
1980 1985 1990 1997
Major refugee programs
1978-84 Indochinese Refugee
3/75-3/80 Indochinese refugees paroled
Adjustment Act
1980 Refugee-Parolee adjustments began
2/70-3/80 Refugee-Parolees admitted
4/80 Refugee Act admissions began
1/59-3/80 Cubans paroled
1 98 1 Refugee Act adjustments began
1967 Cuban adjustments began
4/80-10/80 Mariel boatlift
1985-87 Mariel adjustments
NOTE: For the period 1946-56, admissions to lawful permanent resident status and initial admissions were the same. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
Source: Tables 24, 28, and 32.
The ceiling for East Asia includes certain Vietnamese
Amerasians, who enter the United States with immigrant
visas. Although these aliens are immigrants rather than
refugees, they are included in the refugee ceiling since they
are eligible for refugee benefits in the United States. Only
809 Amerasians, including their family members, entered
the United States in 1997. They are included in the
immigrant rather than the refugee tables in the Statistical
Yearbook. The Amerasian program is ending, since most
of the eligible persons have already been identified and
entered the United States.
Criteria for refugee status
During 1997, refugees were interviewed and approved for
admission to the United States by officers in ten of the
Service's thirty-nine overseas offices. To qualify for
admission to the United States as a refugee, each applicant
must meet all of the following criteria: be a refugee as set
forth in the Refugee Act of 1980; be among the types of
refugees determined to be of special humanitarian concern
to the United States; be admissible under the Immigration
and Nationality Act; and not be firmly resettled in any
foreign country. Spouses and minor children of qualifying
refugees also enter the United States as refugees, either
accompanying or following to join the principal refugee.
Occasionally these family members gain refugee status
after arriving in the United States; this was the case with
196 people in 1997.
Special program for applicants from the former
Soviet Union (Table 22)
Beginning in 1990, the administrative processing of
refugee applicants residing in the Soviet Union was shifted
to the United States. The resulting change in the
71
Table D
Refugee Status Applications Filed and Approved, and Refugees Admitted, by Selected
Nationality: Fiscal Year 1997
Nationality
Refugee applications
filed
Refugee applications
approved
Refugee arrivals
Total 122,741 77,600 69,276
Yugoslavia 39,561 28,730 21,360
Bosnia-Herzegovina 38,381 27,840 21,357
Croatia 1,170 884
Other & unknown 10 6 3
Soviet Union, former 35,329 27,623 27,072
Vietnam 19,552 6,522 6,660
Cuba 9,102 1,860 2,911
Somalia 6,510 5,599 4,974
Iraq 4,573 3,289 2,679
Congo, Democratic Republic ' . 2,664 651 45
Iran 2,244 1,234 1,305
Liberia 1,620 893 231
Sudan 602 393 277
Other 984 797 1,762
' In May 1997 Zaire was formally recognized as the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Represents zero. Source: Tables 23 and 25.
application procedure created discontinuity with prior INS former Soviet Union. During fiscal year 1997, the WPC
data on refugee applications. Applicants from the former received 25,416 questionnaires and scheduled 53,436
Soviet Union are now required to submit an initial persons for Moscow interviews. About 19 percent of these
questionnaire to the State Department's Washington potential applicants did not appear for their interviews.
Processing Center (WPC) in Rosslyn, Virginia. The WPC Applicants from the former Soviet Union who were in
establishes interview priority for applications based on other countries at the start of fiscal year 1990 are still
information supplied on the initial questionnaires and allowed to submit applications for refugee status directly to
schedules interviews in Moscow. On the day of their other INS refugee processing posts. Only 49 Soviet
interview, applicants submit completed refugee applications were filed outside of Moscow in 1997,
applications to Service officers in Moscow. Since 1990, including 18 spouses and children who received refugee
those applications have been counted as filed on the status in the United States,
interview date. The 45,825 applications pending in
Moscow at the end of fiscal year 1989 were r-j ♦ r»
administratively closed and forwarded to the WPC to iJaia Overview
receive a priority and an interview date; therefore, the Applications (Tables D, 22, 23)
count of pending applications declined by this number The number of applications for refugee status filed with
between 1989 and 1990. The 45,825 applications were INS decreased by 21 percent from 1996 (155,868) to 1997
added to the pool of initial questionnaires submitted to the (122,741) (Table 22). The leading countries of
WPC beginning in 1990 (Table 22). chargeability of the applicants were Bosnia-Herzegovina
with 31 percent of the applications, the former Soviet
The number of initial questionnaires received at the WPC Union (29), Vietnam (16), Cuba (7), and Somalia (5)
provides only a rough indication of the potential number of (Table D and Table 23). Among those countries of
applications, because a questionnaire may include more chargeability from which at least 600 applications were
than one person, and some potential applicants submit filed in 1997, the largest percentage increases over 1996
duplicate questionnaires. Some questionnaires never result were in applications filed by nationals from the
in formal applications for refugee status, because they Democratic Republic of the Congo (formeriy Zaire) (from
might exceed the yearly admissions allocated for the 65 to 2,664), Liberia (310 to 1,620), and Bosnia-
72
Herzegovina (19,242 to 38,381); the largest percentage
decreases were in applications filed by nationals of
Vietnam (from 69,802 to 19,552) and Somalia (14,383 to
6,510). The large increase in number of applications filed
by nationals of Cuba (from 1,566 to 9,102) was due to a
reporting procedural change that took place in the INS
Mexico City district. Beginning in 1997, offices in
Mexico City district adopted a reporting guideline that was
consistent with all other overseas offices and reported their
refugee processing workload in terms of number of
individuals instead of cases processed.
Approvals (Tables D, 22, 23, 24)
The number of refugees approved for admission to the
United States increased from 74,491 in 1996 to 77,600 in
1997 (Table 24). The leading countries of chargeability
were Bosnia-Herzegovina with 27,840 approvals, the
former Soviet Union (27,632), Vietnam (6,522), Somalia
(5,599), and Iraq (3,289) (Table D and Table 23). These
five countries accounted for 91 percent of all approvals in
1997. The number approved from the former Soviet
Union dropped for the fifth straight year, reflecting the
downward trend in applications. The number of refugees
approved from Vietnam declined by 24 percent and from
the East Asia geographic region declined by 43 percent in
1997, reflecting a substantial drop in the proportion of
successful applications. All Vietnamese refugee processing
centers outside Vietnam were closed by the end of 1997.
Residents of former refugee camps were asked to return to
Vietnam. Their cases are processed through a special
program called the Resettlement of Vietnamese Returnees
(ROVR) in Vietnam. The ROVR program adjudicated 607
cases and approved 565 cases in 1997.
Dependents
Refugee figures include spouses and children who are
cleared to join principal refugees already in the United
States, and they count against the annual ceiling. Because
of these family reunification cases, the data continue to
show refugees being approved and arriving for some time
after active refugee processing has ended for nationals of
certain countries. Most of the refugee flow from Eastern
Europe in fiscal year 1997, other than from the former
Yugoslavia, was family reunification cases. Most of the
caseload from Afghanistan and Ethiopia also fell into this
category. Overall, 3.1 percent of the applications and 3.6
percent of the approvals were family reunification cases.
Arrivals (Tables 24, 25)
Refugee arrivals into the United States declined to 69,276
in 1997 from 74,791 in 1996 (Tables 24 and 25).' The
decline was largely attributed to the decrease in
Vietnamese refugee arrivals. Arrivals from Bosnia-
More than 69,000 refugees arrived
in the United States during 1997.
Herzegovina increased significantly (78 percent) against
an overall declining trend. The former Soviet Union,
former Yugoslavia, Vietnam, and Somalia were the leading
countries for refugee arrivals in 1997, comprising 87
percent of the total. The time lag between approval of a
refugee application and the refugee's arrival in the United
States may be several months or more. After approval,
refugees must undergo health and security clearances, have
sponsorship and placement arranged, and in some cases go
through orientation and English language training. This
time lag accounts for the discrepancies between approval
and arrival figures in any given year.
Adjustment to permanent resident status
(Tables 5, 26, 35, 36)
Under the Refugee Act of 1980, refugees are eligible to
adjust to lawful permanent resident status, exempt from
any limit, after 1 year of residence in the United States.
When they adjust status, their date of admission is
recorded as their date of entry as refugees, so that the
length of time spent in refugee status is counted toward the
residency requirement for naturalization. For all refugees
who adjusted status in 1997, the median length of
residence in the United States was about 2 years. This
analysis and others indicate that refugees tend to adjust
soon after they become eligible. Nearly 79 percent of the
1997 refugee-adjustment cohort entered the United States
in 1995-96.
The number of refugees adjusting to lawful permanent
resident status decreased by 14 percent from 1996
(118,528) to 1997 (102,052) (Table 5). The leading
countries of birth for these refugees were: the former
Soviet Union (30,101), the majority of whom were from
the republics of the Ukraine (11,930), Russia (6,671),
Uzbekistan (2,845), and Belarus (2,452); Cuba (30,039);
Vietnam (22,291); the former Yugoslavia (6,951), most of
whom were from Bosnia-Herzegovina (6,013); and
Somalia (3,428). These countries accounted for 91 percent
of all refugee adjustments. The number of refugees
adjusting status from both Somalia and Cuba increased
significantly from 1996, 119 percent and 36 percent,
respectively. Adjustments decreased significantly for
refugees from the former Soviet Union (27 percent) and
Vietnam (25 percent).
^ Refugee arrival data are from the Bureau for Refugee Programs,
Department of State. See Data Collection section.
73
The leading states of residence for refugees (and asylees)
adjusting status in 1997 were Florida (28,672), California
(23,046), New York (13,638), and Washington (6,305)
(Table 36). These four states accounted for 64 percent of
all refugee and asylee adjustments. Nearly 26 percent of
all refugees and asylees who adjusted status in 1997 live in
Florida and about 21 percent in California. The leading
metropolitan areas of residence for these refugees and
asylees were Miami, FL (23,857), New York, NY
(12,613), and Orange County, CA (4,306) (Table 35).
Understanding the Data
Data Collection
The Immigration and Naturalization Service collects data
on refugees at three points during processing: when they
apply for refugee status abroad; when they are admitted to
the United States; and when they adjust to lawful
permanent resident status. The INS overseas offices
collect data on applicants for refugee status. Each office
completes INS Form G-319, Report of Applicants for
Refugee Status under Section 207, which reports refugee
casework by the country to which each applicant is
chargeable.
Since 1987, the INS's Nonimmigrant Information System
has collected data on refugee arrivals. The system
compiles refugee arrival data by country of citizenship on
a monthly basis from INS Form 1-94, Arrival/Departure
Record (see Nonimmigrants section). Since it records
each entry of a person with nonimmigrant status, a refugee
traveling abroad and returning to the United States may be
counted more than once during a fiscal year.
Both the Bureau for Refugee Programs (Department of
State) and the Office of Refugee Resettlement
(Department of Health and Human Services) collect data
on refugees admitted to the United States. The Bureau for
Refugee Programs collects data through the
Intergovernmental Organization for Migration, which is
the agency responsible for arranging the transportation of
refugees to the United States. The Office of Refugee
Resettlement, responsible for the disbursement of funds
for refugee benefits, collects detailed data on the
characteristics of refugees at the time they are initially
admitted to the United States.
The Immigration and Naturalization Service collects data
on refugees adjusting to lawful permanent resident status
as part of its immigrant data series gathered by the
Computer Linked Application Information Management
Systems (CLAIMS). The data collected include
demographic variables as well as immigration-oriented
variables (see Immigrants section). This is the only stage
in the refugee process where the INS collects detailed
information about the characteristics of refugees.
Limitations of Data
Prior to the 1996 edition, refugee arrival data presented in the
Statistical Yearbook were derived from the INS's
Nonimmigrant Information System (NIIS). However, since
this system records each entry of a person with nonimmigrant
status, a refugee traveling abroad and returning to the United
States may be counted more than once during a fiscal year.
After careful consideration of the reporting requirements and
limitations of data collected in the NHS, it was decided that
the Yearbook would present refugee arrival statistics from the
Bureau for Refugee Programs, Department of State. This
source counts the actual number of refugees arriving in the
United States in each fiscal year. Therefore, any comparison
of refugee arrival data from the 1995 or earlier editions of the
Yearbook to 1996 or later editions must be made with
caution.
I
Refugee detailed tables are located at the end of the Asylees text section
74
III.
This section presents information on persons who come to the United States to seel<
asylum from persecution abroad, including the number and characteristics
of persons who filed, were granted asylum, and adjusted to
lawful permanent resident status.
An asylee is an alien in the United States who is
unable or unwilling to return to his or her country
of nationality because of persecution or a well-founded
fear of persecution. (See Appendix 3, p. A. 3-2.) An asylee
must meet the same criteria as a refugee; the only difference
is the location of the person upon application — the potential
asylee is in the United States or applying for admission at a
port of entry, and the potential refugee is outside the United
States. The Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended by
the Refugee Act of 1980, regulates U.S. asylum policy as
well as governing refugee procedures. The Act, for the first
time, established a statutory basis for granting asylum in the
United States consistent with the 1967 United Nations
Protocol on Refugees.
U.S. Asylum Program
Filing of claims
Any alien physically present in the United States or at a port
of entry may request asylum in the United States.
According to the Refugee Act, current immigration status,
whether legal or illegal, is not relevant to an applicant's
asylum claim. Aliens may apply for asylum in one of two
ways: with an E^S asylum officer; or, if apprehended, with
an immigration judge as part of a deportation or exclusion
hearing. Traditionally, aliens who appear at ports of entry
without proper documents and request asylum were referred
for exclusion hearings; however, the Illegal Immigration
Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA)
(see Appendix 1, p. A. 1-23) made major revisions to the
procedure, that became effective on April 1, 1997. Under
the new law, such aliens are referred to asylum officers for
credible fear interviews. These interviews are not formal
asylum hearings. The purpose of the interviews is to
determine whether aliens might have credible fear of
persecution and thus be eligible to apply for asylum before
an immigration judge. In credible fear interviews, aliens
only need to show that there is a significant possibility that
they might qualify for asylum. To be granted asylum, aliens
must show convincing evidence of a well-founded fear of
persecution. Those who fail to demonsU^ate that they have a
significant possibility for establishing eligibility for asylum
are placed in expedited removal proceedings. However,
upon the alien's request, an immigration judge may review
the outcome of the interview. The data reported in this
section pertain only to asylum cases filed with INS asylum
officers. Aliens denied asylum by the INS may renew
asylum claims with an immigration judge.
Adjudication of claims
On April 2, 1991, the Asylum Officer Corps (AOC)
assumed responsibility within INS for the adjudication of
asylum claims that were filed with the INS. Before that
date, such claims had been heard by examiners in INS
district offices. During fiscal year 1997, asylum officers
worked from eight sites in the United States — Arlington,
VA, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York
City, Newark, NJ, and San Francisco. Applicants who did
not live near these locations were interviewed by asylum
officers who traveled to other INS offices.
In March 1994, the INS published proposed regulations
designed to streamline the asylum decision process,
discourage the filing of frivolous claims, and integrate the
work of asylum officers with the work of the immigration
judges in the Executive Office of Immigration Review
(EOIR, an independent Justice Department agency) in the
case of claims that do not appear to meet the standards for
granting asylum. The final asylum reform regulations
were published in December 1994, and took effect on
January 4, 1995.
Under asylum reform the INS standard is to conduct the
asylum interview within 60 days after the claim is filed,
and to identify and grant in a timely fashion those cases
that have merit. If the INS asylum officer does not find
the claim to be grantable at the interview, the applicant is
referred immediately for deportation proceedings before
EOIR (unless a nonimmigrant status is still valid). The
immigration judge may grant the claim or may issue a
denial and an order of deportation. Under this system INS
asylum officers issue relatively few denials, but an
interview followed by a referral to EOIR represents the
asylum officer's judgment that the application is not
readily grantable. An applicant who fails without good
cause to keep a scheduled appointment for an asylum
interview is referred immediately to EOIR for deportation;
this is considered to be one type of case closure.
75
Starting in 1997, the AOC also began conducting credible
fear interviews as required by IIRIRA, and interviewing
applicants for refugee status at the INS overseas locations.
During fiscal year 1997, asylum officers interviewed
refugee applicants at seven overseas locations — Croatia,
Cuba, Germany, Italy, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, and Vietnam.
Nearly 86,000 asylum
applications were filed in the
United States during 1997.
Data Overview
Trends in asylum applications (Chart G, Tables E, 27)
The annual number of asylum applications filed with the
INS has fluctuated greatly since the effective date of the
Refugee Act of 1980 (see Appendix 1, p. A. 1-18), as
shown in Chart G. In fiscal year 1997, 85,866 asylum
cases were filed or reopened. This represents a 33 percent
decrease from the 128,190 cases filed in 1996 (Table 27).
The sharp decline in 1997 was due largely to a significant
decrease in claims filed or reopened under the terms of the
American Baptist Churches (ABC) v. Thornburgh
settlement (see discussion below) because of the
termination of the ABC filing period. As a result. Central
Americans accounted for about 16 percent of the new
claims and 25 percent of total applications compared with
about 67 percent of both categories in 1996. The trend in
claims from Central America is shown in Table E.
Chart G
Asylum Applications Filed with the INS:
Fiscal Years 1973-97
Thousands
175 n
150-
125-
100-
75-
50-
25-
A
ii
A
L
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997
NOTE: See Glossary for fiscal year definitions. Source: Table 27.
the latter cases are identified by the INS, they are treated as
ABC filings instead of reform filings. During 1997, 3,128
cases were identified as either filed or reopened as ABC
cases.
In the past few years, the trend in asylum claims filed by
persons from Central America has been driven in large part
by ABC cases. Under the terms of this 1991 class action
lawsuit settlement, many nationals of El Salvador and
Guatemala were allowed to file or renew their claims for
asylum. Nationals of Guatemala had a filing deadline of
March 31, 1992, which was the peak year for claims from
this country. The 187,000 Salvadorans who had registered
for Temporary Protected Status (TPS) in 1991 became
eligible to file for asylum at the expiration of their TPS
period in 1992. They were later granted additional time
under deferred enforced departure periods which extended
until December 1994, and they ultimately had until January
31, 1996 to apply for asylum under the ABC agreement.
The number of ABC claims filed by Salvadorans surged
during fiscal year 1996 before the filing deadline. These
claims are heard under the pre-reform regulations.
Applications filed after the ABC filing deadline were
processed as reform filings, except those ABC cases that
were closed by the EOIR or federal courts and were not
previously filed with the INS. Under the settlement, once
Cases filed (Tables 28, 29)
Nearly 13,700 new claims were filed by Mexicans, with
more than 4,700 by Salvadorans. Haiti, with 4,310 new
claims, ranked third, followed by India (3,776),
Guatemala (2,386), the People's Republic of China
(2,377), and Iraq (2,328) (Table 28). Excluding the 3,128
claims filed or reopened under the terms of the ABC
settlement, more than 82,700 applications were received
during 1997, an increase of nearly 17 percent from fiscal
year 1996.
More than 33,600 asylum cases were reopened in 1997,
which accounted for 39 percent of the applications
received and represents a 60 percent increase over the
number of cases reopened in 1996 (Table 29). The number
of reopened cases has increased significantly since May
1995. This is due to an automatic function which triggers
the reopening of cases that were administratively closed
when aliens apply for renewal of their employment
authorization. Those cases were administratively closed
due to a failure to appear for the asylum interview or for an
76
Table E
Asylum Applications Filed with the INS by Central Americans:
Fiscal Years 1991-97
Area of citizenship
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Central America 28,114
Nicaragua 2,219
El Salvador 10,244
Guatemala 14,774
Honduras 808
Other 69
53,966
54,898
62,310
104,228
83,410
21,599
2,075
3,180
4,682
1,908
2,034
1,674
6,781
14,616
18,600
75,860
65,588
8,156
43,915
34,198
34,433
23,202
13,892
9,811
1,127
2,805
4,385
3,163
1,836
1,851
68
99
209
95
60
107
Source: Table 29; applications received and reopened during year.
invalid mailing address. This function also automatically
reschedules an interview. Under the new regulation, those
who do not appear for the scheduled interview can be
placed in removal proceedings immediately. Some of these
reopened cases may qualify for ABC treatment.
Cases completed (Table 27)
During fiscal year 1997, the Asylum Officer Corps
completed work on 129,716 claims, an increase of more
than 4 percent from the 123,706 cases completed in fiscal
year 1996. As of April 1, 1997, a procedural change
occurred which affected asylum case completions. The
IIRIRA requires that a case cannot be granted until identity
and record checks have been finalized. Applicants can be
recommended for approval; however, the final decision can
not be issued by the AOC until FBI fingerprint clearance
has been received. Under previous procedure, these cases
went directly to final approval, and were, therefore,
included as case completions. As a result of the procedural
change, case completions declined while interviewed cases
moved through the processing pipeline to final decision.
However, late in 1997 final approvals increased and have
continued to increase in fiscal year 1998. The number of
cases granted in 1997 was 10,129, representing 19 percent
of the cases adjudicated. These cases encompassed 15,896
persons given asylum. In fiscal year 1996, 13,532 asylum
cases were granted, which was 22 percent of the
adjudicated cases.
The Asylum Program undertook a project to identify active
cases from the pre-reform non-ABC backlog, in fiscal year
1997. Notices were sent to about 90,000 applicants in the
backlog to determine their continued interest in pursuing
their asylum requests. Applicants no longer interested in
pursuing an asylum claim could request withdrawal of the
application, cases without good addresses would be
administratively closed, and the remaining caseload would
be scheduled for interview as slots became available.
Largely due to this project, about 62,900 cases were closed,
a 24 percent increase over 1996.
Coercive population-control procedures
Section 601 of the IIRIRA stipulates that a person qualifies
as a refugee or asylee persecuted for political opinion if
forced to undergo, has a well founded fear of being
compelled to undergo, or resists a coercive population-
control procedure. It sets a combined annual ceiling of
1 ,000 persons who may be granted refugee or asylee status
under this provision. In fiscal year 1997, the INS and the
Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR) granted
asylum status to 606 aliens based on coercive population
control methods. The INS AOC made 147 grants.
Immigration Judges made 340 grants, and the Board of
Immigration Appeals (BIA) made 119 grants. China was
the country of origin of all grants. No one was granted
refugee status in fiscal year 1997 based on coercive
population control measures.
Adjustment to permanent resident status (Table 5)
No limits are set by law on the number of individuals who
may be granted asylum in the United States. Under
immigration law, an approved asylee must reside in the
United States for 1 year following his or her approval to be
eligible to apply for adjustment to lawful permanent
resident status. One year of the asylee's residence prior to
adjustment is counted toward the naturalization residency
requirement. Although asylee adjustments are exempt
from the worldwide annual limitation on immigrants, the
law places a ceiling on the number of asylees who may
adjust each year. The Immigration Act of 1990 (see
Appendix 1, p. A. 1-20) increased the ceiling from 5,000 to
10,000 per year, effective in fiscal year 1991. It also
waived the annual ceiling beginning in fiscal year 1991 for
those asylees who had met the required 1-year waiting
period and filed for adjustment of status on or before June
1, 1990.
77
In 1997, 10,106 asylees adjusted to lawful permanent
resident status (Table 5). The backlog of registered asylees
waiting to adjust status was gone by the end of fiscal year
1993, and the ceiling of 10,000 was sufficient to
accommodate all who applied during 1996 and 1997.
Because more than 10,000 persons have received asylum
each year since fiscal year 1994, a potential backlog is
building again. The largest groups of asylees who adjusted
status in 1997 included 811 Ethiopians, 779 persons from
the former Soviet Union, 775 Haitians, 663 Chinese, 646
persons from the former Yugoslavia, and 605 Nicaraguans.
No other nationality adjusting status accounted for as many
as 600 asylees.
Approximately 145,900 individuals have been granted
asylum by the INS under the provisions of the Refugee Act
from 1980 through 1997. During the same period, 122,744
asylees have adjusted to permanent resident status. At
times the total number of asylees adjusting status might
exceed the number granted asylum by the INS because
immigration judges and the Board of Immigration Appeals
also grant asylum. In addition, persons whose asylum
applications are successful can apply for their spouses and
children to join them from abroad, and these relatives also
adjust status as asylees.
Understanding the Data
Tables 29 and 30 contain a column showing the number of
applications that were reopened during the year. Most of
these are cases that had been closed earlier without a decision.
The number of asylum applications filed is defined here as the
sum of new applications received and applications reopened
during the year. The tabulations also contain columns
showing the number of cases referred to immigration judges,
with and without an interview. A referral due to failure to
keep an appointment for an interview without good cause is
considered comparable, for statistical purposes, to a closed
case. The approval rate is calculated as the number of cases
approved, divided by the number of cases adjudicated, which
is defined as the cases approved, denied, and referred to EOIR
following an interview.
Data Collection
Prior to April 1, 1991, data on asylum applicants reflect
cases filed with INS district directors and, subsequently,
cases filed with INS asylum officers on Form 1-589 (Request
for Asylum in the United States). A centralized, automated
data system (Refugee, Asylum, and Parole System — RAPS)
has been developed to support the processing of the existing
caseload and new asylum applications. The system is
designed to support case tracking, schedule and control
interviews, and generate management and statistical reports.
The system is capable of reporting asylum casework by
nationality and other characteristics of asylum applicants.
Data can be reported by case or by the number of persons
covered, since a case may include more than one person.
Data on asylum applicants have been collected by the INS
for selected nationalities since July 1980, and for all
nationalities since June 1983.
As with refugees, the Immigration and Naturalization
Service collects data on asylees adjusting to lawful
permanent resident status in the Computer Linked
Application Information Management Systems (CLAIMS)
(see Immigrants section). Adjustment to immigrant status
has been the only point at which detailed characteristics of
asylees were collected in past years. The RAPS system is
now able to provide data on selected characteristics of
asylees at an earlier time.
Limitations of Data
The figures shown here for fiscal year 1997 differ slightly
from preliminary statistics that were released by the
Asylum Division in November 1997. The data presented
here were tabulated from the RAPS system three months
after the close of the fiscal year and incorporate late
additions and corrections to the database. Cases that were
entered into the RAPS system during fiscal year 1997
showing filing dates in previous fiscal years were treated as
new cases in these tabulations. Other corrections resulted
in a decrease from 453,580 to 452,246 in the pending
caseload as reported in the 1996 Statistical Yearbook and at
the beginning of fiscal year 1997 in this edition. Another
change between 1996 and 1997 concerns the identification
of applicants from the former Soviet Union whose records
are being recorded to one of the succeeding republics.
Therefore, the pending number of cases from "Unknown
republic" decreased, and the numbers for Armenia, Russia,
Ukraine, and other republics increased.
It is possible for an asylum case to have more than one
action during a year, particularly if the claimant fails to
pursue a claim and later reopens it. Therefore, some claims
may be double-counted as received and reopened, or closed
and denied or granted. For this reason, and due to recent
growth in the number of reopened claims, the pending
caseload at the end of the year can no longer be calculated
by taking the pending caseload at the beginning of the year,
adding claims filed, and subtracting claims completed.
Data on applicants for asylum collected by the
Immigration and Naturalization Service historically have
covered only cases filed with the INS. Information has
not been available on cases filed by apprehended aliens
or cases denied or referred by the INS and renewed with
immigration judges in the Executive Office for
Immigration Review. The two agencies are working to
integrate their data systems to provide these data in the
78
future. Principal applicants whose asylum applications
are successful can apply for their spouses and minor
children, whether they are in the United States or abroad,
and these relatives also receive status as asylees. The
RAPS system collects information on the spouses and
children of asylum applicants only if they are included on
the principal's application. Information regarding
relatives whose principals petition for them after
receiving asylum is collected by the CLAIMS and is not
included in any calculation in this publication. The data
collected by the INS at the time asylees adjust to
permanent resident status include all aliens who adjust
regardless of whether they were granted asylum by the
INS, immigration judges, or the BIA. Adjustment data
also include spouses and children of persons granted
asylum.
79
TABLE 22. REFUGEE-STATUS APPLICATIONS: FISCAL YEARS 1980-97
Year
Applications
pending
beginning of year
Applications
filed during
year
Applications
approved
during year
Applications
denied during
year
Applications
otherwise closed
during year
Applications
pending
end of year
1980 (April-Sept.)..
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
16,642
14,957
18,619
11,668
7,801
12,681
13,707
15,895
20,152
27,441
39,524
20,369
18,238
15,028
15,582
12,471
10,095
5,566
95,241
178,273
76,150
92,522
99,636
80,734
67,310
85,823
105,024
190,597
135,251
123,492
133,786
127,676
142,068
143,223
155,868
122,741
89,580
155,291
61,527
73,645
77,932
59,436
52,081
61,529
80,282
95,505
99.697
107,962
115,330
106,026
105,137
78,936
74,491
77,600
6,149
15,322
14,943
20,255
16,220
18,430
9,679
13,911
11,821
33,179
29,805
12,644
14,886
20,280
20,557
32,412
26.317
22,725
1,197
3,998
6,631
2,489
604
1,842
3,362
6,126
5,632
4,005
24.904
5.700
6,780
5,107
19,485
34,251
59,589
17,270
14,957
18,619
11,668
7,801
12,681
13,707
15,895
20,152
27,441
85,349
20.369
17.555
15.028
11.291
12,471
10.095
5.566
10.712
NOTE: The Refugee Act of 1980 went into effect April 1, 1980. Because of an administfative processing change. 45,825 applications pending in Moscow at the
end of fiscal year 1989 were administratively closed and added to the pool of initial questionnaires submitted to the Washington Processing Center (WPC) beginning
in 1990. Changes in the number of applications pending from 1991 to 1992 and 1993 to 1994 are due to revisions in the data from reporting offices.
80
TABLE 23. REFUGEE-STATUS APPLICATIONS BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CHARGEABELITY
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Geographic area
and country of
chargeability
Applications
pending
beginning of year
Applications
filed during
year
Applications
approved
during year
Applications
denied during
year
Applications
otherwise closed
during year
Applications
pending
end of year
All countries .
Africa
Congo. Democratic
Republic '
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Liberia
Nigeria
Rwanda
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Uganda
Other Africa
East Asia ......
Burma
Laos
Vietnam
Other East Asia .
Eastern Europe and
Soviet Union
Albania
Poland
Romania
Soviet Union, fmr. ..
Yugoslavia, fmr
Bosnia-
Herzegovina ...
Croatia
Unknown
Other Eastern
Europe
Latin America .
Cuba
Near East
Afghanistan
Iran
Iraq
Other Near East
Not reported
5^66
788
83
2
48
44
1
3
4
484
103
2
14
23
23
3^38
38
12
24
6
3,456
3,455
1
2
6
6
1,211
7
396
808
122,741
11,796
2,664
15
210
1,620
69
34
17
6,510
602
17
38
19,905
236
109
19.552
8
74,927
27
5
5
35,329
39,561
38,381
1,170
10
9,102
9,102
6,853
30
2,244
4,573
6
158
77,600
7,854
651
13
195
893
51
28
15
5,599
393
1
15
6,810
210
71
6,522
7
56379
9
6
2
27,632
28,730
27,840
884
6
1,860
1,860
4,539
10
1,234
3,289
6
158
22,725
1,828
274
4
674
16
2
736
108
11
3
2,731
26
38
2,667
10371
18
7,681
2,672
2,642
30
5,902
5,902
1,893
571
1,322
17,270
2,269
1,746
1
9
66
I
355
82
I
8
10383
10,382
1
2,752
3
3
5
2,741
2,736
3
2
1346
1,346
520
4
221
295
10,712
633
76
3
50
31
3
9
3
304
122
6
26
8,963
35
11
24
17
8,874
8,618
253
3
1,112
23
614
475
' In May 1997 Zaire was formally recognized as the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• Represents zero.
81
TABLE 24. REFUGEE APPROVALS AND ARRIVALS BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF CHARGEABILITY
FISCAL YEARS 1990-97
Geographic area of chargeability
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Authorized admissions
Africa
East Asia
Eastern Europe & Soviet Union (ftnr.)
Latin America & Caribbean
Near East
Unallocated Reserve
Approvals
Africa
East Asia
Eastern Europe & Soviet Union (ftnr.)
Latin America & Caribbean
Near East
Not reported
Arrivals '
Africa
East Asia
Eastern Europe & Soviet Union (ftnr.)
Latin America & Caribbean
Near East
111,000
3,500
36,800
58,300
2,400
6,000
4,000
99,697
3,318
30,613
58,951
1,863
4,952
109,078
3,493
38,370
56,912
5,312
4,991
116,000
4,900
38,500
53,500
3,100
6,000
10,000
107,962
4,430
33,560
62,582
2,263
5,127
96,587
4,424
37,262
45,516
4,026
5,359
123,500
6,000
33,500
64,000
3,000
6,000
11,000
115,330
5,667
31,751
68,131
4,121
5,660
114,498
5,491
34,202
64,184
3,777
6,844
116,000
7,000
36,000
51,500
3,500
7,000
11,000
106,026
6,813
38,314
52,090
3,991
4,818
107,926
6,969
38,302
51,278
4,377
7,000
117,500
7,000
41,500
55,000
4,000
6,000
4,000
105,137
5,748
40,639
48,963
2,513
7,229
45
109,593
5,856
40,601
50,838
6,437
5,861
111,000
7,000
39,000
48,000
8,000
5,000
4,000
78,936
4,895
23,023
45,900
1,933
3,068
117
98,520
4,779
35,956
45,703
7,618
4,464
90,000
7,000
25,000
45,000
6,000
4,000
3,000
74,491
9,681
11,891
47,611
982
4,246
80
74,791
7,502
18,343
41,617
3,541
3,788
78,000
7,000
10,000
48,000
4,000
4,000
5,000
77,600
7,854
6,810
56,379
1,860
4,539
158
69,276
6,069
7,781
48,450
2,986
3,990
' In editions of the Statistical Yearbook prior to 1996, refugee arrival data were derived from the Nonimmigrant Information System of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service. However, beginning with the 1996 edition, arrival data are from the Bureau for Refugee Programs, Department of State. Any comparison of
refugee arrival data between this and any pre-1996 editions of the Yearbook must be made with caution (see Refugees section, Data Overview and Data Collection).
Arrivals may be higher than approvals because of the arrival of persons approved in previous years.
NOTE: The authorized admission levels for 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995 were 125.000, 131,000, 142,000, 132,000, 121,000, and 112,000, respecuvely,
including 15,000 Amerasians in both 1990 and 1991, 18,500 in 1992, 16,000 in 1993, 3,500 in 1994, and 1,000 in 1995. Since Amerasians enter the United States on
immigrant visas, they are not included as refugee admissions. As a result, the authorized admission levels for 1990 through 1995 for East Asia have been reduced
accordingly. Beginning in fiscal year 1996, there is no specific allocation for Amerasisns in authorized admissions.
- Represents zero.
82
TABLE 25. REFUGEE ARRIVALS INTO THE UNITED STATES
BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF CHARGEABILITY
FISCAL YEARS 1991-97
Country of
chargeabilily
All countries
Afghanistan
Albania
Bulgaria
Cambodia
China, People's Republic
Congo, Democratic Republic
Cuba
Czechoslovakia, fonner
El Salvador
Eritrea
Ethiopia '
Ghana
Haiti
Hungary
Iran
Iraq
Laos
Liberia
Nicaragua
Poland
Romania
Somalia
South Afirica
Soviet Union, fonner
Sudan
Uganda
Vietnam
Yugoslavia, former '
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Unknown
Other
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
96,587
1.480
1.363
585
38
4
73
3.933
158
6
3.948
7
2.692
842
9.249
1
87
290
4.452
192
19
38,661
24
125
27,957
401
114,498
1,452
1.108
126
141
1
76
3,720
18
2
2,972
54
1
1,949
3.442
7.315
637
1
134
1,499
1,570
15
61,298
113
93
26,690
71
107,926
1.233
458
34
22
199
3.065
3
1
2,765
2
1,307
1.161
4.605
6,967
961
I
54
215
2.753
8
48,627
244
24
31,219
1,887
1,887
111
109,593
21
171
5
6
92
2,670
5
328
5
3,766
1
851
4.984
6,272
610
1
31
67
3.555
43.470
1,220
2
34,248
7,088
7,088
118
98,520
4
51
3
1
85
6.133
239
9
1,485
978
3.482
3.675
52
39
24
2.506
35.716
1.705
10
32.244
9.870
9,870
209
74,791
23
38
3.498
1
14
194
I
39
1.256
2.528
2.201
46
2
II
16
6,436
1
29,536
575
10
16,130
12.030
12.030
204
69,276
45
2,911
197
4
75
1,305
2,679
939
231
3
4.974
1
27,072
277
9
6,660
21,360
21,357
3
512
' In May 1997 Zaire was formally recognized as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ' Data for Eritrea are not available separately from Ethiopia prior to fiscal
year 1994; beginning in 1994. data for Ethiopia exclude Eritrea (see Notice page). ' Data for Bosnia-Herzegovina are not available separately from Yugoslavia prior
to fiscal year 1993. Yugoslavia was officially dissolved as an independent republic in 1992 (see Notice page).
NOTE: In editions of the Statistical Yearbook prior to 1996, refugee arrival data were derived from the Nonimmigrant Infomiation System of the Immigration and
Namralization Service. However, beginning with the 1996 edition, arrival data are from the Bureau for Refugee Programs. Department of State. Any comparison of
refugee arrival data between this and any pre- 1 996 editions of the Yearbook must be made with caution (see Refugees section. Data Overview and Data Collection).
Arrivals may be higher than approvals because of the arrival of persons approved in previous years.
- Represents zero.
83
TABLE 26. REFXIGEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESffiENT STATUS IN FISCAL YEAR 1997
BY CALENDAR YEAR OF ENTRY AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH ^
Region and country
of birth
Total
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
Before
1990
All coiutries
Europe
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Romania
Soviet Union, former .
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Unknown republic ..
Yugoslavia, former ....
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Croatia
Other
Unknown
Other Europe
Asia
Cambodia
Iran
Iraq
Laos
Saudi Arabia
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia
Africa ,
Ethiopia
Kenya
Liberia
Rwanda
Somalia
Sudan
Other Africa
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Cuba
Haiti
Other Caribbean
Central America
Other North America
South America ,
Venezuela
Other South America ,
Unknown
- Represents zero.
84
102,052
37,932
84
260
74
113
96
30,101
198
970
2,452
361
597
196
1,033
6,671
230
60
11,930
2,845
2,558
6,951
6,013
226
24
688
253
27,957
141
1,139
1,647
1,319
111
1,109
22,291
200
5,266
245
276
129
73
3,428
910
205
30,544
10
26
30363
30,039
299
25
139
6
328
161
167
25
12,637
5,617
12
39
10
5
4
3,939
34
136
357
28
98
27
133
1,045
7
12
1,602
205
255
1,577
1,375
51
6
145
31
3,980
9
517
267
7
3,138
26
1,831
38
128
8
19
1.501
101
36
1,123
2
8
1,077
1,057
16
4
35
1
83
21
62
3
67,615
23,167
52
167
52
31
22
18,247
80
582
1,523
211
368
130
579
4,032
119
26
7,218
1,848
1,531
4,471
4,160
151
16
444
125
17,650
25
366
1.020
281
81
228
15,570
79
2,724
127
119
60
33
1,529
720
136
23,621
4
II
23,552
23,493
50
9
49
5
133
79
54
20
15,968
6,988
13
40
9
21
9
6,296
59
190
466
105
117
32
257
1,312
79
19
2,470
632
558
554
435
23
2
94
46
4,566
15
117
314
523
20
473
3,087
17
354
21
20
40
21
155
80
17
3,977
4
5
3,936
3,702
225
9
32
82
52
30
1
3,127
983
2
10
2
7
9
899
1
33
46
9
11
2
36
166
22
1
358
124
90
37
33
1
3
17
731
1
39
31
234
2
206
202
16
237
29
7
16
172
1,164
I
1,153
1,145
6
2
10
1,030
387
1
6
12
355
8
24
31
6
1
4
15
55
1
1
150
22
37
5
5
291
9
20
10
97
73
69
13
89
13
1
5
66
4
253
248
247
I
5
414
151
1
2
3
140
1
1
7
30
2
47
8
22
150
2
21
50
44
29
4
10
6
2
101
101
101
12
4
10
4
6
269
96
4
2
3
12
69
3
6
1
1
3
16
21
2
15
I
1
127
6
14
39
12
46
10
8
3
2
I
2
37
35
35
885
173
1
1
38
25
90
13
1
5
1
2
12
45
3
8
3
1
15
453
74
44
5
86
66
144
34
12
7
1
1
3
241
1
234
234
TABLE 27. ASYLUM CASES FILED WITH INS DISTRICT DIRECTORS AND ASYLUM OFFICERS
FISCAL YEARS 1973-97
Year
Cases
received '
Cases
completed '
Cases
approved
Cases
denied
Cases
adjudicated '
Percent
approved '
1973-97
1973....
1974 ...
1975 ...
1976-80 „
1976
1976. TQ'
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981-85
1981 ...
1982 ...
1983 ...
1984 ...
1985 ...
1986-90
1986 ...
1987 ...
1988 ...
1989 ...
1990 ...
1991-95
1991 ...
1992 ...
1993 ...
1994 ...
1995 ...
1996.
1997.
1311^82
1,913
2.716
2.432
42,173
2.733
896
2.529
3.702
5.801
26.512
161,872
61.568
33.296
26.091
24,295
16,622
281,048
18,889
26,107
60,736
101,679
73,637
605,372
56,310
103,964
144,166
146,468
154.464
128,190
85,866
938,642
1,510
2,769
1,664
10,847
1,914
370
1,939
2,312
2,312
2,000
124,142
4,521
11,326
25,447
54,320
28,528
310,071
45,792
44,785
68,357
102,795
48,342
234,217
16,552
21,996
34,228
53,399
108,042
123,706
129,716
110,740
380
294
562
4,990
590
97
754
1,218
1,227
1,104
25,162
1,175
3,909
7,215
8,278
4,585
24,067
3,359
4,062
5,531
6,942
4,173
31,624
2,108
3,919
5,012
8,131
12,454
13,532
10,129
236.686
1,130
2,475
1,102
5,857
1,324
273
1,185
1,094
1,085
896
73,928
3,346
7,255
16,811
32,344
14,172
75,621
7.882
3,454
8,582
31,547
24,156
71,635
4.167
6,506
17,979
28,892
14,091
2,504
2,434
469373
1,510
2,769
1,664
10,847
1.914
370
1,939
2,312
2,312
2,000
99,090
4,521
11,164
24,026
40,622
18,757
99,688
11,241
7,516
14,113
38,489
28,329
138,891
6,275
10,425
22,991
37,023
62,177
61,983
52,931
23.6
25.2
10.6
33.8
46.0
30.8
26.2
38.9
52.7
53.1
55.2
25.4
26.0
35.0
30.0
20.4
24.4
24.1
29.9
54.0
39.2
18.0
14.7
22.8
33.6
37.6
21.8
22.0
20.0
21.8
19.1
' Beginning in 1992, includes cases newly filed and cases reopened. ' Includes approvals, denials, and cases otherwise closed. Beginning in 1995, also includes
cases referred to an immigration judge (interviewed and not interviewed). Cases otherwise closed are those in which the applicant withdrew the case from
consideration, never acknowledged the request for an interview with the INS, or died. ' Includes approvals and denials. Beginning in 1995. includes cases referred
to an immigration judge following an interview. ' Cases approved divided by cases adjudicated. ' The three-month period — July I through September 30,
1976 — between fiscal year 1976 and fiscal year 1977. At that time, the fiscal year definition shifted from July 1-June 30 to October 1-September 30.
NOTE: The Refugee Act of 1980 went into effect April 1, 1980. Data for fiscal years 1982 and 1983 have been estimated due to changes in the reporting
procedures during those two periods. Since April 1, 1 99 1, authority to decide most asylum claims has resided with the INS Asylum Officer Corps. See Glossary for
fiscal year definitions.
85
TABLE 28. NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS GRANTED ASYLUM BY INS DISTRICT DIRECTORS
AND ASYLUM OFFICERS BY SELECTED NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1991-97
Nationality
1991
1992'
1993
1994
1995
1996
All nationalities .....................
Afghanistan
Albania
Bangladesh
Bulgaria
Burma
Burundi
Cameroon
China, People's Republic
Colombia
Congo, Democratic Republic '
Cuba
Czechoslovakia, former
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Unknown republic
Egypt
El Salvador
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Fiji
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Hungary
India
Iran
Iraq
Jordan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Liberia
Libya
Lithuania
Mauritania
Mexico
Nicaragua
Pakistan
Panama
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Romania
Rwanda
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Soviet Union, former '
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
2,908
46
1
22
7
4
348
4
7
124
2
X
X
2
I
185
405
4
49
1
5
5
13
232
26
6
36
67
53
6
1
2
703
11
3
20
1
6
50
117
142
X
X
X
X
X
3,959
90
23
2
44
22
19
277
16
22
214
11
110
7
347
18
94
120
19
1
78
231
70
31
56
5
81
209
14
I
1
341
83
3
113
16
2
156
2
122
442
2
1
7,464
70
30
33
75
42
26
336
36
45
319
2
28
74
2
352
70
172
636
32
2
357
347
101
35
79
5
65
247
22
5
10
291
176
6
241
58
58
258
13
22
121
923
28
4
I
5
3
11,764
159
47
87
40
87
19
74
414
69
93
494
2
54
187
2
5
667
29
373
1,060
92
13
584
638
214
38
85
15
91
305
20
5
17
9
520
219
1
470
76
3
184
43
48
150
1,175
75
25
2
36
1
See footnotes at end of table.
17,493
335
147
349
59
215
98
160
535
104
214
524
4
2
196
237
2
12
1,096
51
1,065
749
194
27
1,108
785
204
55
33
7
91
615
20
6
275
83
484
512
2
688
54
10
181
148
71
286
1,556
409
78
14
81
17
18,556
216
433
247
45
ISI
91
95
433
92
137
634
1
1
136
195
34
818
35
889
1.491
140
13
1,709
607
918
20
17
18
76
694
6
407
43
418
442
7
464
37
13
80
69
59
529
1,440
334
127
10
70
15
86
TABLE 28. NUMBER OF INDIVmUALS GRANTED ASYLUM BY INS DISTRICT DIRECTORS
AND ASYLUM OFFICERS BY SELECTED NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1991-97— Continued
Nationality
1991
1992'
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Kyrgyzsian
X
.
.
.
6
5
12
Moldova
X
-
3
8
15
12
6
Russia
X
51
233
565
578
477
371
Tajikistan
X
-
1
7
10
11
6
Turkmenistan
X
-
-
1
-
3
17
Ukraine
X
7
54
191
218
215
190
Uzbekistan
X
-
3
22
62
43
39
Unknown republic
142
381
588
242
68
118
50
Sri Lanka
4
44
16
62
69
32
45
Sudan
31
73
133
248
397
343
266
Syria
9
16
638
1,032
680
304
35
3
72
521
906
1,414
2,470
629
Bosnia-Herzegovina
4
4
15
164
289
192
40
4
4
9
52
59
62
47
Macedonia
4
4
-
11
10
33
4
4
1
6
-
1
-
Unknown
3
72
496
684
1,055
2,205
509
Dther
146
241
334
539
1.284
1,008
718
' The 3.959 individuals known to have been granted asylum were in the 2,740 cases in the data system. An additional 1.179 cases were granted asylum, but the
lumber of individuals covered and their nationalities are unknown. ' In May 1997 Zaire was formally recognized as the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Beginning in 1992, some claims filed by persons from the former Soviet Union were recoded under the separate former Soviet republics. ' Data for the
ndependent states of the former Yugoslavia are not available separately from Yugoslavia prior to fiscal year 1993. Yugoslavia was officially dissolved as an
ndependent republic in 1992 (see Notice page).
- Represents zero. X Not applicable.
87
TABLE 29. ASYLUM CASES FILED WITH INS ASYLUM OFFICERS BY SELECTED NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Nationality
Cases pending
beginning
of year'
Cases filed
during
year
Cases
reopened
during year
Cases
granted
during year
Percent
approved ^
Individuals
granted asylum
during year
All nationalities
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Bangladesh
Brazil
Bulgaria
Burma
Cameroon
China, People's Rep. ..
Colombia
Congo, Dem. Rep. '
Coted'lvoire
Cuba
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Ethiopia
Fiji
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guatemala
Guinea
Haiti
Honduras
India
Iran
Iraq
Jamaica
Jordan
Laos
Lebanon
Liberia
Mauritania
Mexico
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Pakistan
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Romania
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Soviet Union, former '
Armenia
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic .
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Syria
Yemen
Yugoslavia, former
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Other & unknown ..
Stateless
Other
452,246
491
316
286
4,686
1,382
992
239
236
15,068
2,132
193
433
4,791
1,662
596
190,428
1,752
831
402
1,597
118,232
281
17,736
3,475
6,801
1,172
256
790
517
1,310
1,006
3,526
254
5,005
20,946
537
2,223
5,428
3,074
3,047
1,979
2,906
406
284
713
8,783
300
3,320
1,250
576
3,337
282
312
376
489
2,773
87
2,686
816
7,998
52^17
219
952
139
260
71
145
300
219
2,377
251
346
41
481
255
180
4,706
961
53
164
43
2,386
105
4,310
473
3,776
811
2,328
75
68
29
70
707
1,355
13,663
658
123
288
548
416
437
30
111
43
122
1,861
1,817
420
554
366
475
2
73
533
31
78
707
57
650
99
1,923
33,649
33
55
40
902
69
74
47
45
3,276
285
29
100
157
401
101
3,450
126
7
167
211
7,425
29
1,068
1,378
1,150
155
23
97
68
36
131
191
55
5,157
1,016
51
244
893
559
952
236
212
92
72
58
914
254
322
124
88
126
42
51
116
59
195
4
191
67
1,282
10,129
151
262
59
73
4
46
159
67
404
27
103
9
245
73
131
390
6
44
15
280
13
586
39
790
282
2,180
3
8
9
26
388
101
20
72
57
76
174
119
10
40
7
15
664
740
150
251
141
186
12
28
207
24
19
462
27
435
41
380
19.1
72.9
42.5
51.3
6.9
5.6
20.8
62.1
47.2
5.8
1 1.9
41.7
8.7
52.8
Z
33.5
3.5
50.5
9.8
21.1
4.6
6.9
12.3
15.3
4.6
26.0
50.5
94.7
2.8
7.8
12.7
14.9
44.4
9.2
.3
6.5
55.9
14.9
20.0
18.8
2.5
.6
10.0
8.2
21.4
50.6
27.5
40.0
23.1
21.7
33.1
70.6
31.1
59.8
38.7
17.9
42.9
46.6
42.7
25.8
18.8
15,896
262
378
81
118
4
64
176
77
497
48
141
15
312
126
172
444
8
56
19
344
13
694
52
886
408
5,540
7
19
15
37
471
101
34
129
88
101
264
243
15
1
55
7
25
708
1,108
241
371
190
256
50
45
266
35
28
629
40
589
53
477
See footnotes at end of table.
88
TABLE 29. ASYLUM CASES FILED WITH INS ASYLUM OFFICERS BY SELECTED NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Nationality
MI natiooalities
Afghanistan
Mbania
Mgeria
Bangladesh
Brazil
Bulgaria
Burma
Cameroon
China. People's Rep. .
Colombia
Congo, Dem. Rep. '....
Coted'Ivoire
Cuba
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Ethiopia
Fiji
3ambia,The
Ghana
Guatemala
Guinea
4aiti
rionduras
india
iran
Iraq
lamaica
(ordan
-aos
Lebanon
Liberia
Mauritania
Mexico
Nicaragua
Viger
Nigeria
Pakistan
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Romania
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Soviet Union, former '
Armenia
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic .
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Syria
Yemen
Yugoslavia, former
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Other & unknown ..
Stateless
Other
Cases
denied
during year
2,434
8
22
7
45
2
38
7
8
Individuals
denied asylum
during year
3,202
13
30
9
53
2
43
9
10
Cases
otherwise closed
during year
62357
110
100
87
1,976
389
272
45
64
Cases to
immigration judge,
not interviewed
13,928
5
16
13
49
17
4
4
2
156
186
5,509
328
9
17
848
161
15
29
51
11
6
7
206
12
7
8
976
40
1
1
1,022
283
10
19
177
12
407
508
5,861
2,081
44
50
269
32
19
32
27
6
5
7
196
20
8
8
713
21
284
329
9,607
1,475
5
5
106
8
368
419
3,134
388
10
12
1,562
225
67
83
2,407
616
24
38
278
30
4
7
55
1
1
3
418
12
8
12
192
8
11
14
77
4
17
23
369
8
53
70
951
23
2
2
30
55
21
50
3,363
6,781
230
351
4,689
97
5
5
242
7
13
19
973
20
42
46
2,603
87
20
47
931
86
13
26
1,227
326
35
43
1,160
12
54
81
888
10
4
4
172
13
1
1
119
3
4
4
94
77
142
212
3,154
82
22
33
195
19
53
71
1,165
35
34
55
384
16
33
52
140
12
-
1
1,270
-
5
12
96
4
17
24
90
14
4
4
181
_
7
7
166
9
47
71
916
30
7
8
20
5
40
63
896
25
2
3
406
3
90
134
3,303
297
Cases to
immigration judge,
interviewed
40,368
48
332
49
947
66
137
90
67
6.449
191
129
89
212
147
135
3,210
339
36
160
303
3,475
88
2,867
792
2,182
252
117
104
86
51
132
432
995
7,330
804
40
422
654
493
371
137
306
74
54
643
1,808
203
781
476
343
5
57
122
34
80
567
24
543
116
1,547
Cases
pending
end of year
399,826
409
568
232
2,432
1,020
700
262
278
6,681
1,339
242
233
3,891
733
449
185,914
1,731
796
278
751
111,957
189
15,270
2,546
5,358
1,237
242
395
341
1,218
635
2,491
437
4,731
16,534
343
1,166
3,103
2,329
2,352
832
1,875
252
280
1,106
5,283
354
1,786
641
384
2,118
191
426
230
324
1,575
62
1,513
383
5,256
The total number of cases pending at the beginning of fiscal year 1997 is lower than the 453,580 reported at the end of fiscal year 1996 because of corrections to
the data base. ^ The number of cases granted divided by the sum of: cases granted; denied; and referred to an immigration judge following an interview. See
Asylum section of text. ' In May 1997 Zaire was formally recognized as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ' Some pending cases filed by persons from the
former Soviet Union were receded under the separate former Soviet republics.
- Represents zero. Z Rounds to less than .05 percent
89
TABLE 30. ASYLUM CASES FILED WITH ENS ASYLUM OFFICERS BY
ASYLUM OFFICE AND STATE OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Asylum office and
state
of residence
Cases pending
beginning
of year '
Cases filed
during
year
Cases
reopened
during year
Cases
granted
during year
Percent
approved '
Total
Asylum office:
Arlington
Chicago
Houston
Los Angeles
Miami
New York
Newark
San Francisco
State:
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Unknown
Guam
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
452^6
45,897
13,387
21,734
160,573
61,748
57,751
57,405
33,751
946
358
1.8II
1,073
182,145
1,486
1,853
1,327
6,408
60,898
6,953
256
192
2,383
427
988
1,131
469
237
144
12,289
12,962
2,242
1,523
80
537
10
2,440
3,144
145
15,464
111
77,558
2,925
6
1,332
278
2,924
2,549
3,158
367
148
871
17,410
642
71
16,659
2,402
28
193
16
2
94
80
101
52^17
4,434
2,232
2,245
16,612
6,908
6,121
3,630
10,035
55
16
458
57
22,610
295
174
27
522
6,767
919
13
43
677
92
85
86
170
73
26
1,232
551
467
313
8
150
3
165
676
33
840
19
7,876
361
51
342
42
239
328
122
68
11
634
1,660
109
7
1,668
582
3
98
1
217
32
144
33,649
3,030
844
538
13,768
4,409
5,281
5,192
587
79
14
184
44
13,709
85
135
192
226
4,262
704
6
11
211
51
44
56
27
13
9
641
237
214
71
9
30
1
108
205
8
1,259
8,368
550
2
83
12
46
198
44
37
7
96
280
33
7
868
64
3
18
3
1
18
66
10,129
933
421
356
1,283
938
1,821
801
3,576
16
2
143
2,555
114
83
7
190
971
247
6
15
240
39
12
16
48
26
291
in
168
72
2
105
44
34
25
206
9
2,192
51
52
51
13
133
173
21
16
6
257
460
69
3
528
241
2
30
1
26
4
3
19.1
33.1
20.7
16.2
10.3
17.9
17.9
7.7
46.5
25.0
8.7
30.2
Z
15.6
35.4
21.4
4.3
57.1
18.9
32.9
33.3
55.6
33.2
40.2
16.4
47.1
44.9
28.6
Z
36.6
22.0
25.7
43.4
10.0
80.2
Z
30.6
4.8
71.4
10.8
50.0
13.0
25.9
98.1
23.3
32.5
56.6
25.1
26.9
30.2
42.9
40.5
30.8
45.4
42.9
48.5
62.3
100.0
28.3
25.0
Z
48.1
19.0
2.3
See footnotes at end of table.
90
TABLE 30. ASYLUM CASES FILED WITH INS ASYLUM OFFICERS BY
ASYLUM OFFICE AND STATE OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Asylum office and
Cases
Individuals
Cases
Cases to
Cases to
Cases
state
denied
denied asylum
otherwise closed
inunigration judge.
immigration judge.
pending
of residence
during year
during year
during year
not interviewed
interviewed
end of year
"otal ..»-.».-....»„.....
2,434
3^02
62,857
13,928
40,368
399,826
isylum office:
irlington
108
151
3,448
1,156
1,775
45,423
hicago
254
335
1,831
129
1,357
12,182
lousion
132
207
586
404
1,711
21,188
OS Angeles
662
906
14,112
7,204
10,475
155,032
liami
415
505
11,704
2,010
3,876
52,836
lew York
199
502
256
603
16,968
13,572
1,300
639
8,142
9,079
38,361
lewark
40,049
an Francisco
162
239
636
1,086
3,953
34,755
tate:
Jabama
1
1
59
42
47
898
Jaska
1
1
10
3
20
351
krizona
7
7
87
62
324
1,753
j-kansas
3
6
23
15
84
1,044
alifomia
783
1,093
14,359
8,063
13.056
177,436
dorado
4
4
79
13
204
1,435
'onnecticut
22
22
389
19
283
1,326
)elaware
25
27
290
12
129
1,034
)istrict of Columbia ...
5
5
340
83
138
6,355
lorida
417
510
11,576
1,960
3,742
52,000
teorgia
14
22
636
403
490
6,644
lawaii
1
1
10
3
11
241
laho
2
2
13
2
10
201
linois
119
151
338
37
363
2,088
idiana
13
15
52
9
45
401
)wa
5
10
44
2
56
987
lansas
1
1
42
16
17
1,172
Kentucky
3
3
45
2
56
503
ouisiana
g
17
25
5
57
200
laine
-
5
2
4
166
laryland
38
43
893
192
466
12,152
lassachusetts
13
17
896
78
380
12,189
iichigan
55
75
917
19
431
1,264
linnesota
13
19
158
9
81
1,549
iississippi
1
1
21
2
17
54
lissouri
5
5
29
6
21
541
lontana
_
.
4
-
1
9
lebraska
6
7
104
19
94
2,423
Jevada
20
26
152
79
659
3,026
lew Hampshire
2
2
19
-
8
127
Jew Jersey
149
184
3,614
293
1,549
11,436
Jew Mexico
444
8
1
18
552
18
1
26
1
24,528
430
2
158
1
1,511
194
23
9
14,250
138
150
110
Jew York
47,505
2,961
forth Dakota
4
)hio
1,324
)klahoma
3
4
12
-
24
279
)regon
4
6
54
14
98
2,898
'ennsylvania
36
46
607
32
481
1,684
thode Island
2
2
5
111
2
39
13
2
3
12
163
5
52
16
109
46
10
70
340
39
8
1,093
33
3
6
32
2
37
330
4
220
34
55
35
8
372
923
81
4
521
133
3,115
336
louth Dakota
138
'ennessee
844
,"exas
17,091
Jtah
583
/ermont
69
/irginia
16,654
Washington
2,581
Afest Virginia
29
Msconsin
7
16
23
3
69
167
A'yoming
-
-
2
-
3
13
Jnknown
-
-
-
-
-
2
juam
.
.
2
.
28
255
'uerto Rico
3
3
31
27
6
29
14
129
69
v'irgin Islands
110
The total number of cases pending at the beginning of fiscal year 1 997 is lower than the 453,580 reported at the end of fiscal year 1 996 because of corrections to
'he data base. ^ The number of cases granted divided by the sum of: cases granted; denied; and referred to an immigration judge following an interview. See
lylum section of text. - Represents zero. Z Rounds to less than .05 percent. 91
h
TABLE 31. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT
RESIDENT STATUS BY ENACTMENT
FISCAL YEARS 1946-97
Enactment
Total
Presidential Directive of 12/22/45
Displaced Persons Act of 6/25/48
Orphan Act of 7/29/53
Refugee Relief Act of 8/7/53
Refugee-Escapee Act of 9/1 1/57 ..
Hungarian Refugee Act of 7/25/58
Azores & Netherlands Refugee Act of
7/25/58
Refugee Relatives Act of 9/22/59
Fair Share Refugee Act of 7/14/60
Refugee Conditional Entrants Act of 10/3/65
Cuban Refugee Act of 1 1/2/66
Indochinese Refugee Act of 10/28/77
Refugee Parolee Act of 10/5/78
Refugee Act of 1980, 3/17/80
Refugees
Asylees
Total
3331,914
40,324
409,696
466
189,025
29,468
30,752
22,213
1,820
19,800
142,103
577,784
175,165
139,287
1,554,011
1,431,267
122,744
1946-50
213347
40,324
173,023
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1951-60
492371
X
236,669
466
188,993
24,263
30,491
10,057
1,432
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1961-70
212,843
X
4
X
28
5,199
258
12,156
388
19,714
39,149
135,947
X
X
X
X
X
1971-80
539,447
X
X
X
2
X
X
X
82
102,625
252,119
137,309
46,058
1,250
X
1,250
1981-90
1,013,620
X
X
X
2
X
1
X
X
3
329
105,898
37,752
92,971
776,664
734,259
42,405
1991-97
860,286
83,820
104
258
776,097
697,008
79,089
NOTE: See Glossary for fiscal year definitions. Data for fiscal years 1987-88 have been adjusted. The data no longer include Cuban/Haitian entrants granted
immigrant status.
- Represents zero. X Not applicable.
92
1
TABLE 32. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESffiENT STATUS
BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEARS 1946-97
Region and country
of birth
Total
1946-50
1951-60
1961-70
1971-80'
1981-90'
1991-95
1996
1997
Jl countries „..,
Urope .._.»....«.» ~
Albania
Austria
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Estonia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Lat\'ia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other republics
Unknown republic ..
5pain
Jugoslavia
Dther Europe
iia
\fghanistan
^^ambodia ...
rhina'
-long Kong .
Jidonesia ....
(ran
jaq
lapan
Korea
^os
Syria
rhailand ...
furkey
Vietnam ....
Dther Asia
:nca ...
■^gypt
Ethiopia
Other Africa
ceama .
orth America .„
Cuba
El Salvador
Nicaragua
Other North America ..
>uth America
Chile
Colombia
Peru
Venezuela
Other South America
nknown or not reported
3331,908
1303344
7,227
17,480
7,099
37,968
12.024
101,856
31,517
76,425
63,629
40,746
28,441
17,641
210,173
5,078
75.466
443,684
51,352
93,400
17,523
54,620
226,789
10,760
105,359
10,771
1^94,158
32,910
128,054
45,113
9,142
17,700
69,078
30,878
4,544
4,634
199,718
5,096
51,963
7,103
666,585
21,640
74^9
8,965
37,289
28,035
407
652,177
603,194
5,250
27,549
16,184
7374
1,080
1,192
2,157
1,474
1,471
159
213347
211,983
29
4,801
139
8,449
7,143
36,633
124
6,086
642
21,422
18,694
129
78,529
12
4,180
14,072
X
X
X
X
14,072
1
9,816
1,082
1,106
319
118
3
4
603
59
20
8
12
7
163
3
1
159
32
NA
NA
NA
32
36
492371
456,146
1,409
11,487
1,138
10,719
4,103
62,860
28,568
55,740
60,657
16,783
8,569
14,336
81,323
3,650
12,057
30,059
X
X
X
X
30,059
246
44,755
7,687
33,422
1
12,008
1,076
8,253
192
130
3,803
3,116
119
15
1,427
2
3,280
1,768
1,354
61
353
75
831
6
1
824
74
5
NA
NA
NA
69
55
212,843
55,235
1,952
233
1,799
5,709
16
665
586
4,044
1,198
49
72
3,134
3,197
1,361
7,158
871
X
X
X
X
871
4,114
18,299
778
19,895
5,308
2,128
7,658
58
119
554
1,316
383
13
1,489
7
862
5,486
5,396
2
88
21
132,068
131,557
1
3
507
123
4
NA
NA
NA
119
15
539,447
71,858
395
185
1,238
3,646
2
143
478
4,358
346
16
23
8
5,882
21
6,812
31,309
X
X
X
X
31,309
5,317
11,297
382
210,683
542
7,739
13,760
3,468
222
364
6,851
56
65
21,690
1,336
1,241
1,193
150,266
1,890
2,991
1,473
1,307
211
37
252,633
251,514
45
36
1,038
1,244
415
217
132
83
397
1,013,620
155312
353
424
1,197
8,204
25
851
1,408
4,942
394
48
37
14
33,889
21
29,798
72,306
X
X
X
X
72306
736
324
541
712,092
22,946
114,064
7,928
1.916
1,385
46,773
7,540
110
120
142,964
2,145
30,259
1,896
324,453
7,593
22,149
426
18,542
3,181
22
121,840
113,367
1383
5,590
1,500
1,986
532
350
251
407
446
19
619,557
260,838
2,859
315
1,419
1,176
548
535
309
1,191
361
1,797
825
17
7,027
11
14,692
221,831
34,622
64,627
10,494
39,808
72,280
271
5,451
203
244,049
8,696
5,878
4,252
488
144
18,914
10,662
18
10
31,546
755
17,383
418
139,860
5,025
28,760
171
15311
13,278
130
83,674
53,828
3,361
20,486
5,999
2,103
89
355
717
661
281
128,565
51,977
154
15
100
25
98
90
33
40
17
359
136
183
1
447
42,356
9,745
16,636
4,144
8,528
3,303
46
7,820
57
42,076
369
210
847
47
30
1,212
3,802
4
2,155
208
1,940
42
29,700
1,510
5,464
66
1,053
4,345
56
28,070
22,542
262
766
4,500
922
21
116
568
150
67
112,158
39,795
76
20
69
40
89
79
11
24
14
272
85
3
143
1
322
30,880
6,985
12,137
2,885
6,284
2,589
29
7,597
41
30,835
356
163
693
19
8
1,447
1,774
3
1,363
146
1,112
35
22,297
1,419
7,651
71
1,056
6,524
59
32,898
30,377
198
666
1,657
890
14
154
489
173
60
30
Data for fiscal years 1971-90 have been adjusted. ' Includes People's Republic of China and Taiwan.
> longer include Cuban/Haitian entrants granted immigrant status.
- Represents zero. NA Not available. X Not applicable.
NOTE: See Glossary for fiscal year definitions. The data
93
TABLE 33. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESffiENT STATUS BY AGE AND SEX
FISCAL YEARS 1990-97
Age and sex
Total
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ....
Unknown age
Male
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ....
Unknown age
Female
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ...
Unknown age
Unknown sex
Percent distribution .
Male
Female
Unknown
Median age
Male
Female
1990
97^64
5.315
9,662
8,839
10,237
10,067
10,831
10,250
8,764
6,527
4.032
3,360
2,611
2,309
2,090
1,144
734
569
23
51,843
2,794
5.057
4,718
5,835
5,748
5,884
5,281
4,629
3,507
2,213
1,787
1,382
1,043
929
492
304
232
8
45,475
2,514
4,599
4,118
4.398
4,313
4,945
4,962
4,132
3,019
1.816
1,571
1,228
1,265
1,161
652
430
337
15
46
100.0
53.2
46.7
Z
27
27
28
1991
139,079
6,721
13,578
12,494
13,270
12,859
14,522
15,044
13,275
10,790
5,871
5,148
3,689
3,780
3,782
2,023
1,266
938
29
72,189
3,549
6,972
6,595
7,417
6,841
7,690
7,870
6,971
5,714
3,249
2,711
1,814
1,594
1,545
828
478
338
13
66,825
3,169
6,597
5.891
5,843
6,011
6,827
7,170
6,303
5,066
2,619
2,437
1,874
2,186
2,235
1,193
788
600
16
65
100.0
51.9
48.0
Z
29
28
29
1992
117,037
5,760
11,304
9,250
12,224
13,280
11,895
10,738
9,170
8,078
6,130
5,207
4.008
3,481
3.002
1.655
991
819
45
60,583
3.062
5,766
4,913
6,724
7,131
6,381
5,487
4,640
4,079
3,293
2,726
2,037
1,630
1,295
702
395
297
25
56,415
2,698
5,534
4,336
5,496
6,145
5.506
5,244
4,528
3,998
2,834
2,479
1,970
1,849
1,707
953
596
522
20
39
100.0
51.8
48.2
28
27
29
1993
127,343
5,563
11,496
9.971
11.654
13,869
12,094
10,703
9,151
9,068
7,949
6,294
5,491
4,747
4,281
2.443
1,305
1,223
41
64,885
2,836
5,910
5,122
6,170
7,337
6,518
5,481
4,544
4,280
4,248
3,383
2,699
2,344
1,924
1,072
535
457
25
62,448
2,727
5,584
4,847
5,483
6.531
5,576
5,222
4,606
4,787
3,699
2,911
2.792
2,403
2,357
1,371
770
766
16
10
100.0
51.0
49.0
30
29
31
1994
121,434
5,181
10,198
9,451
9,596
13,115
11,148
9,978
8,420
8,031
7,827
5,969
6,064
5,053
4,945
3,143
1,649
1,641
25
61,790
2,660
5,259
4,841
5,067
6,987
6,290
5,415
4,176
3,748
4,019
3,168
2,860
2,421
2,306
1,321
644
592
16
59,633
2,519
4,937
4,608
4,527
6,128
4,857
4,563
4,243
4,282
3,808
2,801
3.204
2,632
2,639
1,822
1,005
1,049
9
II
100.0
50.9
49.1
31
30
32
1995
114,664
4,509
9,163
9,287
8,076
13,199
11,491
9,433
7,860
7,546
7,707
5,574
5.862
4,594
4,267
2,905
1,502
1,676
13
59,023
2,279
4.776
4,835
4,282
7,190
6,457
5,274
3,901
3,582
3,816
3,034
2,839
2,289
2,112
1,209
575
569
4
55,638
2,230
4,387
4,452
3,794
6,009
5,034
4,159
3.958
3,964
3,891
2,540
3.023
2,304
2,155
1,696
926
1,107
9
3
100.0
51.5
48.5
31
30
32
1996
128,565
4,303
9,525
10.737
8.153
14.210
14.009
11.897
9.226
8,620
9,078
6.467
6.663
4,846
4,587
3,062
1,494
1,674
14
67,386
2,198
4,950
5,619
4,342
7,590
8,196
6,832
4,867
4,135
4,538
3,575
3,325
2,375
2,313
1,305
626
591
9
61,178
2,105
4,574
5.118
3.811
6,620
5,813
5,065
4.359
4.485
4,540
2,892
3,338
2,471
2,274
1,757
868
1.083
5
1
100.0
52.4
47.6
31
31
33
30
30
31
■ Represents zero. Z Rounds to less than .05 percent.
94
TABLE 34. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESTOENT STATUS
BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEARS 1988-97
Region and country of birth
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
All countries
Europe »....
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia, former ..
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Unknown republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Germany, East
Germany, West
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Bosnia-Herzegovina ....
Croatia
Macedonia
Slovenia
Unknown
Asia
Afghanistan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, People's Republic
Cyprus
81,719
11,418
66
39
4
129
1,164
X
X
1,164
1
19
X
28
94
54
738
2
26
9
4,242
1
3,028
1,642
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1,642
75
5
16
26
X
X
X
X
26
56,006
2,597
1
3
1
9,255
588
7
84,288
18348
55
26
3
126
640
X
X
640
1
36
X
8
100
185
588
44
3,842
3,338
9,264
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
9,264
37
1
1
17
23
X
X
X
X
23
56,751
2,606
3
5,648
500
11
97364
33,111
64
84
1
178
883
X
X
883
1
5
3
34
X
4
150
315
868
86
6
11
4
1
3,903
2
3,186
23,186
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
23,186
84
1
5
23
23
X
X
X
X
23
51,867
2,144
2
4.719
330
139,079
62,946
75
131
1
311
659
X
X
659
3
9
2
34
214
X
X
127
817
1
206
34
1
75
5
1
4,205
2
4,276
51,551
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
51.551
96
10
34
66
X
X
X
X
66
49,762
2,100
2
15
16
2,550
620
4
117,037
42,721
539
90
1
562
319
X
X
319
155
2
13
94
X
X
28
229
2
105
315
157
2
1,512
4,971
33,504
479
1,551
3,008
255
460
123
1,588
7,122
167
30
13,347
1,550
3,824
50
2
4
7
58
X
X
X
X
58
53,422
2,082
2
10
19
1.695
884
127343
53,195
1.198
54
2
303
119
119
1
125
3
15
82
X
X
39
80
32
493
228
7
731
4
3,654
45,900
329
2,790
4,480
213
544
114
2.546
8.965
301
40
16,977
2,475
6,126
37
1
3
7
77
75
51,783
2,233
7
78
808
1,153
121,434
54,978
733
25
2
138
41
41
176
10
84
X
X
65
37
11
568
214
3
334
2
1,199
50.756
342
2.668
5.156
392
595
210
2.154
10.359
534
50
19,366
3,211
5,719
55
2
17
506
337
11
4
154
45,768
1,665
19
114
557
774
3
114,664
46,998
314
15
105
38
2
36
2
83
2
7
61
X
X
50
28
7
387
151
1
245
3
592
40.120
214
1.594
3,421
383
600
155
1,597
8,176
654
71
14,937
3,258
5,060
33
1
9
4744
3,818
117
20
11
778
43314
616
36
136
268
803
2
128,565
51,977
154
15
3
100
25
4
21
9
98
24
90
X
X
33
40
2
17
359
136
2
183
1
447
42,356
182
1,446
3,480
591
624
177
1.415
9.745
535
78
16,636
4,144
3.303
46
3
3
11
7820
6.246
236
20
17
1,301
42,076
369
50
101
210
845
112,158
39,795
76
20
4
69
40
9
31
1
89
18
79
X
X
11
24
14
272
85
3
1
143
1
322
30,880
213
1,000
2,486
425
612
200
1,043
6,985
239
66
12,137
2,885
2,589
29
1
4
12
7,597
6,205
287
19
18
1.068
30,835
356
1
91
82
163
692
See footnotes at end of table.
95
TABLE 34. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESffiENT STATUS
BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEARS 1988-97— Conrinued
Region and country of birth
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Eniirates
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Congo, Democratic Republic
Congo, Republic '
Cote d'lvoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nigeria
147
35
81
6,895
268
10
2
4
7
4
10,348
29
68
101
429
1
4
2
1
67
II
3,587
33
2
21,407
11
2,121
22
1
23
1
25
X
1,723
13
4
18
3
6
54
5
1
8
13
66
27
77
8,167
191
8
4
9
4
4
12,033
116
72
142
361
1
13
4
2
273
2
4,347
175
2
21,883
2,269
19
3
20
49
X
1,784
21
17
3
7
71
30
14
28
8,649
141
16
1
17
2
4
9,824
118
59
157
290
15
3
6
393
3
4,077
276
1
20,537
3
2,212
3
14
14
4
69
X
,682
59
31
5
26
84
3
75
47
12
8,515
193
10
4
15
1
11
9,127
318
93
166
249
33
2
59
252
5
3,603
109
6
21,543
5
4,731
22
9
4
3
5
1
1
57
6
2
1
52
X
3,582
64
32
42
175
9
4
3
6
20
193
34
13
3,093
365
10
5
15
13
8,026
140
129
221
6
19
2
22
96
10
4,048
16
2
32,155
5
1
4,480
25
I
5
1
72
1
2
18
X
3,268
16
1
42
9
25
143
3
1
2
1
9
6
9
90
103
16
3,875
1,856
20
3
42
1
114
6,547
204
37
2
4
3
185
122
2
24
62
115
1
3,724
79
15
30,249
9
5,944
2
13
4
12
1
3
109
3
3
35
43
3,682
1
35
2
42
239
172
I
7
1
3
16
17
14
82
133
41
2,186
4,400
29
4
48
3
94
4,482
88
49
181
103
5
75
1
33
34
3,076
156
7
27,318
4
6,078
3
7
6
14
2
113
15
6
37
200
2,530
37
7
98
851
27
4
4
3
3
3
5
21
48
323
62
1,245
3,848
34
2
64
5
63
3,364
48
44
2
5
197
80
3
126
1
30
258
2
2,932
58
9
28,595
4
1
7,527
3
4
4
33
3
130
2
19
29
204
1,802
54
7
165
855
28
2
10
1
1
47
485
30
1,212
3,802
32
58
4
74
2,155
77
15
3
7
194
80
1
280
1
42
208
2
1,940
42
4
29,700
6
5,464
16
11
1
17
68
4
175
24
66
68
985
1
2
56
21
171
700
24
26
10
5
5
40
See foouiotes al end of table.
96
TABLE 34. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESTOENT STATUS
BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEARS 1988-97— Continued
Region and country of birth
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Rwanda
1
.
1
1
4
8
13
84
140
Senegal
-
-
-
2
2
2
-
1
7
9
Seychelles
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
Sierra Leone
10
.
_
4
3
2
4
25
44
78
Somalia
20
33
38
282
330
885
1,572
3,095
1,700
3,607
South Afhca
38
80
35
77
33
37
6
23
9
7
Sudan
80
97
60
184
369
443
402
935
1,089
1,119
Swaziland
-
.
.
.
.
_
.
1
Tanzania
1
1
1
3
3
1
-
1
3
3
Togo
-
-
-
-
1
2
5
8
17
52
Tunisia
1
-
1
2
1
2
-
1
1
.
Uganda
31
29
54
54
64
87
79
36
24
46
Zambia
3
9
-
17
4
10
3
7
6
3
Zimbabwe
-
3
6
3
4
6
2
-
9
5
Other Africa
13
1
5
1
6
1
5
9
3
34
1
23
63
56
31
Oceania ..
59
Australia
-
1
-
I
-
2
1
-
2
-
Fiji
-
-
-
-
8
31
22
61
54
59
New Zealand
1
11,912
6,740
9,910
2U17
1
15,962
1
15,926
14,204
2
16,265
28,070
Other Oceania
North America „
32,898
Canada
12
6
5
14
5
8
10
5
3
12
Mexico
28
46
60
74
29
29
15
37
47
60
Caribbean „......._....„
10,907
5,272
7,700
8,005
9,969
11,700
12,672
14,888
26,597
31,479
Bahamas, The
1
-
1
3
2
4
-
1
2
1
Cuba
10,846
5,245
7,668
7,953
9,919
11,603
11,998
12,355
22,542
30,377
Dominica
5
3
4
1
-
4
-
-
1
-
Dominican Republic
16
10
20
14
27
18
8
22
19
26
Grenada
-
-
1
-
-
-
.
-
1
-
Haiti
39
11
-
31
16
68
664
2,502
4,028
1,074
Jamaica
-
2
5
2
1
3
1
4
3
-
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
-
-
-
Trinidad & Tobago
-
1
-
-
-
-
2
1
-
964
1,416
1
2,143
1
13,221
4
5,959
4,188
1,507
2
1335
1,422
1
Central America
1,339
Belize
-
8
-
-
-
.
1
2
2
-
Costa Rica
24
170
22
198
37
245
64
1,249
31
743
29
811
20
275
8
283
18
262
20
El Salvador
198
Guatemala
37
33
58
296
169
210
131
158
234
327
Honduras
71
58
66
133
105
165
81
119
119
109
Nicaragua
645
1,075
1,694
11,233
4,668
2,892
966
727
766
666
Panama
17
22
43
246
243
81
33
38
21
19
Other North America
1
260
19
175
8
2
264
21
3
320
8
442
15
1
461
4
383
9
497
11
1
922
13
8
South America
890
Argentina
12
Bolivia
5
2
10
6
3
6
10
9
17
10
Brazil
8
7
6
10
7
11
9
10
18
16
Chile
25
19
20
38
16
17
8
10
21
14
Colombia
66
38
63
46
74
63
70
102
116
154
Ecuador
15
9
17
14
6
25
25
11
15
10
Guyana
-
-
-
1
-
4
3
3
-
7
Paraguay
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
1
1
Peru
59
29
35
73
74
176
153
241
568
489
Suriname
-
-
1
2
27
16
2
4
3
1
Uruguay
5
1
3
2
-
4
2
1
-
3
Venezuela
58
62
87
120
220
135
91
95
150
173
Unknown or not reported
1
4
-
2
1
-
-
-
-
30
' On May 30, 1997, Zaire was formally recognized as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. With this change of Zaire, the Congo is shown in the long
form. Republic of the Congo. NOTE: Data for fiscal years 1987-88 have been adjusted. The data no longer include Cuban/Haitian entrants granted
immigrant status. - Represents zero. X Not applicable.
97
TABLE 35. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS BY SELECTED
COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND SELECTED METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Metropolitan statistical area '
All
countries
Bosnia-
Herze-
govina
Belarus
Cuba
Haiti
Iran
Iraq
Laos
Total
Miami, FL
New York, NY
Orange County, CA
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA
Chicago, IL
Sacramento, CA
Washington, DC-MD-VA
Atlanta, GA
San Jose, CA
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
Portland- Vancouver, OR-WA
San Francisco, CA
San Diego, CA
Boston-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA ...
Oakland, CA
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
Tampa-Sl. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Detroit, MI
Dallas, TX
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Denver, CO
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL
Houston, TX
Tacoma, WA
Jersey City, NJ
St. Louis, MO-IL
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
Orlando, FL
Nashville, TN
Des Moines, lA
Baltimore, MD
Las Vegas, NV
Newark, NJ
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Yolo, CA
Lincoln, NE
Kansas City, MO-KS
Springfield, MA
Memphis, TN-AR-MS
Spokane, WA
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
Greensboro-Winslon-Salem-High Point, NC
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Louisville, KY
Columbus, OH
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, PA
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI
Utica-Rome, NY
Other MSA
Non-MSA
See foouiotes at end of table.
112,158
23.857
12,613
4,306
3,988
3,793
3,608
3,267
2,992
2,985
2,971
2,795
2,604
2,175
2,035
1,875
1,514
1,361
1,108
1,048
1,011
957
918
886
830
757
749
724
698
690
672
627
591
525
517
503
441
410
405
353
343
318
310
281
281
259
256
249
249
234
235
11,247
3,737
6,205
3
128
42
152
199
833
34
90
316
213
47
180
185
66
174
34
29
42
93
128
2
102
10
51
5
387
71
59
45
338
28
53
26
34
4
1
20
13
12
13
32
27
25
10
56
6
21
27
107
1,329
303
2,486
5
908
12
116
47
210
167
8
19
23
87
29
90
II
76
39
38
22
12
4
65
3
II
26
70
I
1
26
1
I
41
212
35
30,377
22,445
191
19
111
12
124
6
65
48
9
19
123
38
44
35
10
40
922
27
99
627
24
718
72
1
642
24
4
322
64
53
350
219
22
II
I
67
1
49
13
48
40
58
81
12
28
30
8
1,567
834
1,074
244
117
15
19
21
9
15
5
29
6
15
136
90
3
4
1
82
I
5
26
174
21
1,447
5
52
18
892
13
26
16
75
25
34
9
4
14
34
3
18
3
1
1
14
2
2
10
12
7
4
8
85
35
1,774
26
II
137
191
2
60
40
15
15
7
32
235
26
398
68
12
6
3
II
13
I
46
3
3
I
55
13
18
12
16
8
224
36
1363
8
8
21
1
317
7
12
I
393
7
1
16
2
25
15
12
4
3
2
23
19
I
1
378
56
98
TABLE 35. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS BY SELECTED
COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND SELECTED METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Metropolitan statistical area '
Somalia
Soviet
Union '
Sudan
Thailand
Ukraine
Uzbeki-
stan
Vietnam
Yugo-
slavia '
Other
Total — „
Miami, FL
New York, NY
Orange County, CA
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA
Chicago, IL
Sacramento, CA
Washington, DC-MD-VA
Atlanta, GA
San Jose, CA
Minncapolis-St. Paul, MN-Wl
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA
San Francisco, CA
San Diego, CA
Boston-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA
Oakland, CA
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
Tampa- St. Petersburg-Qearwater, FL
Detroit, MI
Dallas. TX
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Denver, CO
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL
Houston, TX
Tacoma, WA
Jersey City, NJ
St. Louis, MO-IL
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
Orlando, FL
Nashville, TN
Des Moines, lA
Baltimore, MD
Las Vegas, NV
Newark, NJ
Foil Worth-Arlington, TX
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Yolo,CA
Lincoln, NE
Kansas City, MO-KS
Springfield, MA
Memphis, TN-AR-MS
Spokane, WA
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Louisville, KY
Columbus, OH
Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlislc, PA
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI
Utica-Rome. NY
Other MSA
Non-MSA
3,607
4
7
33
305
24
6
454
204
24
808
9
5
604
216
II
5
16
35
3
13
I
45
1
145
23
14
53
54
10
42
I
5
301
106
2,589
7
795
5
198
238
146
345
7
5
28
68
178
39
I
65
19
73
18
4
I
3
36
10
4
2
1
125
55
1,119
3
2
2
22
6
2
126
21
I
93
9
6
97
6
13
4
26
24
9
127
1
124
30
1
-
6
2
-
1
16
4
-
39
-
-
2
3
41
.
3
16
I
I
244
56
1,112
6
19
10
226
2
I
2
358
4
4
9
21
1
15
2
15
7
4
1
1
361
34
12,137
13
3,852
22
723
870
704
861
40
133
134
110
676
667
101
288
97
439
I
89
52
10
91
12
7
104
12
20
225
6
g
3
119
3
54
16
74
1
15
147
18
67
14
1
20
17
37
14
I
25
926
198
2,885
10
2,076
I
99
52
35
82
5
53
22
11
37
34
12
9
21
16
7
10
2
3
I
2
34
3
21
6
80
6
73
34
22,297
1
158
3,998
655
1,104
366
425
592
1,777
2,072
224
515
192
439
403
641
279
108
36
360
19
328
17
513
473
14
109
32
168
148
114
45
15
22
335
314
285
99
39
118
51
101
170
2
61
15
93
134
25
2.793
1,300
1,068
3
202
4
16
47
81
5
19
8
11
87
26
9
8
19
7
6
4
66
10
13
1
5
3
8
6
3
1
9
18
4
1
7
4
3
4
8
23
41
16
194
50
13,633
1,102
2,090
125
627
406
504
479
1,367
217
214
318
359
542
277
201
466
232
14
171
156
130
86
36
123
59
57
58
84
38
78
38
146
71
100
43
56
57
21
35
67
20
41
24
23
79
13
50
23
12
19
1,673
406
' Ranked by the number of refugees and asylees. See Glossary for definition of metropolitan statistical area.
independent republics. See Notice of Special Geographic Definitions.
- Represents zero.
Data are for unknown republic; exclude
99
TABLE 36. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESffiENT STATUS
BY STATE OF RESmENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1988-97
State of residence
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Total.
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia .
Florida
Georgia ....
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky ,
Louisiana .
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts ....
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire .
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina ...
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina .
South Dakota ...
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia ..
Wisconsin
Wyoming
U.S. territories and possessions
Guam
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Other
81,719
230
33
593
194
27,423
591
933
39
169
11,257
1,047
449
159
2,366
229
534
530
210
928
119
1,062
4,169
1,071
1,594
191
684
43
137
243
113
1,632
151
6,259
666
40
776
307
881
2,466
476
124
59
591
3,495
492
81
2,052
2.722
9
989
2
14
95
84,288
182
41
655
190
36,136
705
788
28
225
5,750
787
320
125
3,231
113
331
991
129
706
137
1,062
3,758
1,164
2,251
121
510
23
104
248
120
2,335
133
6,289
470
26
1,164
247
912
2,343
469
62
67
512
2,703
306
29
1,808
2,161
8
1,251
62
97,364
127
27
682
76
38,507
578
1,162
48
295
9,145
989
255
114
3,419
130
467
291
66
470
165
1,242
4,724
1,221
2,656
124
534
9
175
358
139
1,339
26
12,871
337
70
770
214
1,315
2,983
395
67
52
448
2,866
364
85
1,692
1,605
5
1,578
6
4
77
139,079
136
72
890
122
45,594
1,342
1,767
107
508
15,064
1,777
261
139
5,679
433
544
508
84
898
281
2,148
5,289
2,384
3,027
80
908
131
221
464
189
3,141
142
22,105
649
42
1,375
204
2,624
3,953
635
130
196
525
4,911
513
139
2,403
2,194
31
2,011
4
6
97
2
117,037
94
56
608
99
38,261
1,114
1,111
39
408
14,035
1,467
245
169
4,411
248
445
691
348
938
141
2,275
3,461
1,916
2,338
120
692
61
143
377
227
2,603
166
14,097
684
49
2,734
404
1,746
3,827
488
74
176
668
3,957
363
68
1,891
5,063
1.302
3
16
120
127343
118
62
973
150
39,516
1,106
1,116
47
355
14,344
1,765
241
146
3,906
457
654
623
286
660
131
1,497
4,303
2,596
2,678
66
1,029
61
663
400
155
3,188
215
16,986
887
180
2,378
258
2,619
3,748
385
150
213
869
4,862
441
67
1,766
6,018
6
1,868
1
1
133
121,434
106
47
708
111
29,284
1,186
904
51
413
14,108
2,287
239
217
4,122
463
467
655
267
614
127
2,774
3,824
2,594
2,989
75
1,338
42
490
297
144
2,680
196
20,846
1,162
311
2,254
419
1,935
3,313
321
120
326
942
4,576
500
70
2,258
6,330
3
1,814
4
109
114,664
67
20
628
91
26,104
1,296
956
37
445
14,527
2,672
240
190
5,060
424
733
473
430
376
135
2,244
3,639
2,979
3,635
38
1,303
15
574
411
185
2,058
179
19,721
863
138
1,791
418
766
3,125
287
154
279
1,152
4,272
414
112
2,054
4,793
6
2,052
1
13
84
5
128,565
95
72
333
96
20,233
1,416
864
59
506
23,535
2,645
208
387
5,040
585
851
755
486
909
257
2,136
3,445
3,001
3,787
116
1,733
48
362
444
257
3,665
282
24,625
884
271
1,668
487
1,813
2,712
284
142
200
1,030
6,415
650
177
2,544
5,271
10
561
4
14
194
1
NOTE: Data for fiscal years 1987-88 have been adjusted. The data no longer include Cuban/Haitian entfanls granted immigrant status.
100
- Represents zero.
IV. TEMPORARY ADMISSIONS
The fiscal year 1997 nonimmigrant data were not available at the time of publication.
This section presents information on the number and characteristics of persons
who come to the United States on a temporary basis (nonimmigrants),
including parolees— persons allowed temporary entrance
under special circumstances.
Nonimmigrants
A nonimmigrant is an alien admitted to the United
States for a specified purpose and temporary
period but not for permanent residence.
(See Appendix 3, p. A.3-7.)
Although the typical nonimmigrant is a tourist who visits
for a few days to several months, there are numerous
classes of nonimmigrant admission, ranging from students
to ambassadors. A total of 24.8 million nonimmigrant
admissions were counted during fiscal year 1996 — the
largest number of nonimmigrant admissions to the United
States in any year. This represents an increase of more
than 2.2 million (9.7 percent) over 1995 — the largest
annual increase in the past several years.
U.S. Nonimmigrant Program
Nonimmigrants were first defined in the Immigration Act
of 1819, but the Act of 1855 was the first to require the
reporting of "temporary arrivals" separately. The Act of
Chart H
Nonimmigrants Admitted by Region of Last Residence: Selected Fiscal Years 1955-96
Millions
26 -I
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
I I North America
V7\ Asia
t<^J Europe
South America
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1981
1985
1990
1996
' No data available for 1980. NOTE: See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
Source: 1981, 1985, 1990, and 1996, Table 37; 1955-75, previous Yearbooks.
101
1924 defined several classes of admission that have been
expanded in subsequent legislation. Though "tourists"
(temporary visitors for pleasure) have consistently been by
far the most numerous nonimmigrant class of admission to
the United States, a wide variety of temporary visitors now
fall within the nonimmigrant classification. Second in
volume to tourists are business people coming to the United
States to engage in commercial transactions (though not for
employment in this country).
Nonimmigrant categories (Tables 37, 38, 39, 40,
43)
Other categories of admission make up a much smaller
share of the nonimmigrant total, such as foreign students
and temporary workers. Temporary workers are admitted
to the United States to perform services of an exceptional
nature (such as artists, athletes, or entertainers) or to
perform temporary services or labor when persons
capable of performing such services or labor cannot be
Table F
Nonimmigrants Admitted Under the Visa Waiver Pilot Program by Country of Citizenship:
Fiscal Years 1995-96
Country of citizenship
1996
Visitors for pleasure
1995
Change
Number Percent
1996
Visitors for business
1995
Change
Number Percent
All countries 11,192,978 9,407,254 1,785,678 19.0 1,370,452 942,538 427,909 45.4
Japan 3,957,102 3,771,807 185,295 4.9 269,298 215,583 53,715 24.9
United Kingdom 2,339,930 1,779,268 560,662 31.5 363,418 240,060 123,358 51.4
Germany 1,511,551 1,226,169 285,382 23.3 176,506 115,469 61,037 52.9
France 820,824 688,899 131,925 19.2 138,319 99,432 38,887 39.1
Italy 487,578 403,018 84,560 21.0 73,225 51,426 21,799 42.4
Netherlands 361,507 294,452 67,055 22.8 79,876 58,094 21,782 37.5
Switzerland 260,581 210,099 50,482 24.0 25,480 18,360 7,120 38.8
Spain 258,763 210,184 48,579 23.1 29,698 20,757 8,941 43.1
Sweden 156,479 114,811 41,668 36.3 52,687 36,183 16,504 45.6
Belgium 155,183 121,351 33,832 27.9 33,377 22,271 11,106 49.9
Austria 140,646 109,172 31,474 28.8 13,482 9,431 4,051 43.0
Ireland' 125,953 50,142 75,811 151.2 13,259 3,547 9,712 273.8
New Zealand 102,926 73,445 29,481 40.1 12,877 8,380 4,497 53.7
Denmark 80,998 58,868 22,130 37.6 22,046 14,280 7,766 54.4
Norway 70,364 50,847 19,517 38.4 20,777 12,593 8,184 65.0
Finland 48,189 37,818 10,371 27.4 15,091 10,526 4,565 43.4
Australia^ 25,922 X XX 4,818 X XX
Argentina 2 25,877 X XX 1,515 X XX
Iceland 11,664 7,494 4,170 55.6 1,541 856 685 80.0
Luxembourg 10,338 7,686 2,652 34.5 793 541 252 46.6
Liechtenstein 950 706 244 34.6 67 56 11 19.6
Brunei 606 465 141 30.3 120 74 46 62.2
Andorra 531 461 70 15.2 44 40 4 10.0
Monaco 478 389 89 22.9 23 14 9 64.3
San Marino 364 252 112 44.4 36 13 23 176.9
Unknown 237,582 189,451 48,177 25.4 21,978 4,552 17,431 382.9
' Admitted April 1, 1995. ' Admitted July 1, 1996. NOTE: Data include entries under the Guam Visa Waiver Program. Slovenia was
added to the program on September 30, 1997; entries began during fiscal year 1998. X Not applicable.
102
found in this country (such as agricultural laborers).
Others who are granted authorization to work temporarily
in the United States include: exchange visitors who enter
to study, teach, or conduct research; intracompany
transferees, to render managerial or executive services in
the United States to international firms or corporations;
and industrial trainees. Though not strictly considered as
employed in the United States, treaty traders and treaty
investors enter temporarily to conduct trade or to invest
substantially in enterprises under the provisions of treaties
of commerce and navigation between the United States
and foreign states.
Nonimmigrants also include several types of temporary
visitors who are connected in some way with a foreign
government or who represent an international
organization. Ambassadors, public ministers, diplomats,
and consular officers serve temporarily in this country,
bringing with them members of their immediate families
as well as personal employees, attendants, and servants.
Officers and employees of international organizations such
as the United Nations add to the list of nonimmigrant
visitors entering the United States each year. The
Glossary contains a detailed definition of nonimmigrants,
a listing of each of the nonimmigrant classes of admission,
and a detailed definition of each class.
Admission policy
The U.S. government has an "open door" policy for most
nonimmigrant classes of admission. There are no
restrictions on the total number of admissions each year;
indeed, tourists (the majority of nonimmigrants) are
encouraged to visit as a boon to the U.S. economy.
Regulations govern such areas as the grounds for
nonimmigrant admission, length and extension of stay,
employment in the United States, accompaniment by family
members, travel restrictions within the United States, and
change of admission status. For example, ambassadors are
allowed to remain in the United States for the duration of
their service, students to complete their studies, visitors for
business for a maximum of 6 months (plus 6-month
extensions), and aliens in transit through the United States
for not more than 29 days (with no extensions).
Employment (Tables 38, 39, 40, 43)
family members
Most types of nonimmigrants are not allowed employment
while in the United States, though exceptions may be
granted, for example to students and to family members of
international representatives. On the other hand, temporary
workers come to the United States expressly for purposes of
employment. Most nonimmigrant aliens may bring
immediate family members with them; the exception is
transit aliens other than foreign government officials.
Transit aliens and fiance(e)s coming to the United States to
marry U.S. citizens are the only nonimmigrants who are
prohibited from changing to another nonimmigrant
category while in this country.
Visa Waiver Pilot Program (Table 39)
The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of
1986 (see Appendix 1, p. A. 1-19) authorized the
establishment of a pilot program that permitted certain
nonimmigrants from qualified countries to enter the
United States on a temporary basis without nonimmigrant
visas. The Visa Waiver Pilot Program (see Appendix 3, p.
A. 3-12) was originally extended only to approved
countries that offered a reciprocal waiver of visas to U.S.
citizens. The program is limited to admissions in the
visitor for pleasure and for business classes of admission,
with admission not to exceed 90 days. The Immigration
Act of 1990 (see Appendix 1, p. A. 1-20-21) revised the
Visa Waiver Pilot Program and extended it through fiscal
year 1994; subsequent legislation has further extended the
program through fiscal year 2000. To date, 26 countries
are members of the Visa Waiver Pilot Program.' Entries
for fiscal year 1995 and 1996 are shown in Table F for
current participant countries.
Slovenia was added to the program on September 30, 1997; entries
began during fiscal year 1998.
Country of
citizenship
Visitors to Guam, FY 1996
For pleasure For business
Total
Korea
Taiwan
United Kingdom ' ..
Japan
Australia
Nauru
Indonesia
Singapore
New Zealand
Malaysia
Western Samoa
Papua New Guinea
Burma
Solomon Islands ....
Brunei
Vanuatu
Unknown
' Includes Hong Kong.
160,413
138,743
13,589
4,745
1,128
965
382
124
65
75
63
5
9
1,819
1,390
97
98
6
88
8
2
11
5
17
500
95
- Represents zero.
103
Guam Visa Waiver Pilot Program
Under the Visa Waiver Pilot Program, certain visitors from
designated countries may visit Guam for up to 15 days
without first having to obtain nonimmigrant visitor visas.
The table above shows the countries participating in this
program and entries for fiscal year 1996.
North American Free-Trade Agreement
(Tables 38, 39, 40, 43)
In December 1992, the Presidents of the United States and
Mexico and the Prime Minister of Canada signed an
agreement, enacted in December 1993, known as the North
American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (see Appendix
1, p. A. 1-22). This law superseded the United States-
Canada Free-Trade Agreement, establishing a special,
reciprocal trading relationship among the United States,
Canada, and Mexico. This agreement extended to the
citizens of Mexico (with certain stipulations) and Canada
the nonimmigrant class of admission exclusively for
business people entering the United States to engage in
activities at a "professional" level. Additionally, the
agreement facilitates entry for Mexican as well as Canadian
citizens seeking temporary entry as visitors for business,
treaty traders and investors, and intracompany transferees.
Entries under NAFTA began in February 1994. Data for
fiscal year 1996 are shown for both NAFTA and the
United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement in Table 39.
A record 24.8 million
nonimmigrants were admitted to
the United States during 1996.
Data Overview
Recent trends in admission (Tables 37, 39)
As noted, the 1996 total of more than 24.8 million
nonimmigrant arrivals represents an increase of more than
2.2 million (9.7 percent) from the previous fiscal year.
Total nonimmigrant admissions numbered about 6.3
million during 1975 and steadily increased to about 11.8
million in both 1981 and 1982. The number stabilized at
about 9.5 million from 1983 to 1985 (recording a low in
1984) then began a steady increase that continued from
1985 to 1996 (Chart I).
Class of admission (Tables 37, 38, 39, 40, 43)
Of the more than 24.8 million nonimmigrants who arrived
in fiscal year 1996, a large majority (76.9 percent) entered
as visitors for pleasure (tourists), with the next highest
class of admission, temporary visitors for business,
accounting for 15.2 percent. More than 215,000 persons
Chart I
Nonimmigrants Admitted: Fiscal Years 1975-96
Millions
25 T
1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996
NOTE: Data estimated for last quarter of 1979 and no data available for
1980. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
Source: Table 37 and previous Yearbooks.
entered as exchange visitors to study, teach, or conduct
research in the United States, bringing with them more than
41,000 spouses and children (Chart J). About 427,000
foreign students entered the United States to pursue a full
course of study (predominantly in academic institutions)
accompanied by more than 32,000 spouses and children
(Chart K).
Nearly 209,000 representatives of foreign governments
(less than 1 percent of total entries) entered the United
States as nonimmigrants in 1996. This figure consists of
more than 118,000 foreign government officials, family
members, and attendants (including ambassadors, public
ministers, career diplomats, and consular officers), nearly
80,000 foreign representatives to international organizations
(including families and attendants), and nearly 11,000
officials serving the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) (including family members).
Country of citizenship (Tables 38, 40, 41, 42)
About 45 percent of all nonimmigrants arriving in 1996
were citizens of one of four countries: Japan (18.2 percent),
the United Kingdom (13.6), Germany (8.2), and Mexico
104
Chart J
Nonimmigrants Admitted as Temporary Workers, Intracompany
Transferees, and Exchange Visitors from Top Twenty Countries
of Citizenship: Fiscal Year 1996
United Kingdom
^/}//?/////////A
North American Free-Trade
Agreement Workers
I Temporary workers and trainees
M Exchange visitors
I I Intracompany transferees
Thousands
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
NOTE: China includes People's Republic of China and Taiwan. "Temporary workers and trainees" includes admission classes H, O, P, Q,
and R (see Nonimmigrant Admission section of text and Tabic 40). Also, see Glossary for definitions of nonimmigrant classes of admission.
Source: Table 40.
105
Chart K
Nonimmigrants Admitted as Students and Their Families for Top Ten Countries of
Citizenship: Fiscal Year 1 996
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
NOTE: China includes People's Republic of China and Taiwan. Source: Table 38.
(5.2). Tourists far outnumbered other classes of entry for
almost every country of citizenship (Chart L). Nearly 89
percent of Japanese nonimmigrants were tourists (visitors
for pleasure), compared to less than 80 percent of citizens
of France, and only about 58 percent of Chinese (People's
Republic of China and Taiwan)
Port of entry (Table 41)
Just as four countries dominated nonimmigrant admissions
to the United States in 1996, so did four ports of entry.
Miami (15.7 percent). New York (15.5), Los Angeles
(11.5), and Honolulu (7.6) together accounted for half of
all entrants. The Miami, New York, and Los Angeles
ports maintained their share in 1996, while Honolulu
decreased slightly from 1995.
Month of admission
Admissions have a high degree of seasonality, with most
nonimmigrants arriving in the United States in the summer
months (peaking in July); there is a lesser but noticeable
secondary peak in December. The trends for 1993 through
1996 are illustrated in Chart M.
Parolees
A parolee is an alien, appearing to be inadmissible to the
inspecting officer, allowed to enter the United States
under urgent humanitarian reasons or when that alien 's
entry is determined to be for significant public benefit.
(See Appendix 3, p. A. 3-8.)
Parole does not constitute a formal admission to the
United States and confers temporary admission status
only, requiring parolees to leave when the conditions
supporting their parole cease to exist.
Authority to grant parole
The Attorney General has the authority to allow the
temporary admission of an alien on a case-by-case basis
who may appear inadmissible but who enters the United
States under urgent humanitarian reasons or when that
alien's entry is determined to be for significant public
benefit. Parole does not constitute formal admission to
the United States. It confers only temporary status, and
parolees are required to leave when the conditions
supporting their admission are ended.
106
Chart L
Nonimmigrants Admitted by Selected Class of Admission from Top Ten Countries of
Citizenship: Fiscal Year 1996
Thousands
500
1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000
NOTE: China includes People's Republic of China and Taiwan. Source: Table 38.
U.S. Parole Program
Parolees are processed as nonimmigrants, but their
numbers are not reported in the nonimmigrant admission
data (Tables 37-43). They are usually classified into three
main categories: deferred inspections, port-of-
entry/district advance parolees, and humanitarian/public
interest parolees. In recent years, more than 100,000
parole admissions have been authorized annually.
Categories of parole
Deferred inspection is used when an alien does not appear
to be clearly admissible. The parole is issued and an
appointment is made for the alien to appear at another INS
office, where more information is available and the
inspection can be completed. These cases are usually
resolved within 2 weeks, and the alien is admitted in the
appropriate category. Deferred inspection has also been
used to admit people in special situations. For example, in
fiscal year 1993 and 1994 more than 12,000 nationals of El
Salvador were given deferred inspection. Many of them
were members of the ABC class (see Asylum section)
admitted to file or renew claims for asylum.
Parole may also be granted by advance arrangement with an
INS DisUnct Office or, more commonly, at a port of entry.
About half of all parole admissions are of this type. These
cases are most common at the land border ports and often
involve the reentry of permanent resident aliens who are not
carrying their documents. Again, these cases are typically
resolved rapidly when the documents are produced.
Within the broad category of humanitarian parole, people
may be admitted to receive medical treatment, to take part
in legal proceedings as witnesses or defendants, or as part
of a special overseas program. The latter category is the
only one that may constitute a long-term admission to the
United States.
Nearly 134,000 parolees were admitted
to the United States during 1996.
Country of citizenship
Table G displays the total number of parolees admitted
from fiscal year 1992 through fiscal year 1996 by the three
major categories of parole. Within each category, the five
countries accounting for the largest number of parole
admissions are shown. Our neighboring countries, Canada
and Mexico, account for the most parolees in the deferred
inspections and port-of-entry/district advance categories.
107
Chart M
Nonimmigrants Admitted by Month and Selected Class of Admission: Calendar Years 1993-96
Thousands
2,400 -I
2,200
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800 -
600 -
400 -
200 -
Visitors for pleasure
ft
- /
Other
Visitors for business
Jan. July Jan. July
1993 1994
— I—
Jan.
— I —
July
1995
Jan.
July
1996
Jan.
Parolees from the United Kingdom and the Philippines
also appear frequently in those categories.
Country of citizenship for humanitarian parole
Table H presents more detail for the same years regarding
admissions under the humanitarian parole categories. The
annual numbers admitted have fluctuated according to the
operations of the special overseas programs that account
for the majority of admissions in this category. In 1994
and especially 1995 and 1996, most of the overseas
parolees were Cubans under the 1994 migration agreement
with Cuba. In 1992 and 1993, a total of about 11,000
Haitians were admitted to file claims for asylum. Most of
the parolees from Vietnam, Cambodia, and the former
Soviet Union arrived under special legislation after being
denied refugee status. ^ These persons are allowed to
adjust to immigrant status after one year of residence in the
United States. As the declining numbers from these
countries show, these admissions are waning.
The Foreign Operations Act of November 21, 1989 (see Appendix 1, p.
A. 1-20). This provision is commonly known as the Lautenberg Amendme u.
About half of the 10,000 humanitarian parolees admitted
annually for medical and related reasons are from Canada
and Mexico. The rest come in small numbers from many
other countries. Likewise, most of the several thousand
annual admissions under public interest parole for legal
and related reasons are from Canada and Mexico.
Understanding the Data
Data Collection
The Nonimmigrant Information System (NIIS) is designed
to provide for each nonimmigrant a record of legal
admission and departure. The system also produces
statistics for such variables as age, country of citizenship,
class of admission, visa-issuing post, port of entry, and
destination in the United States. Many nonimmigrants
enter and leave the United States more than once each year
and the NIIS system records each entry separately.
A description of the principal steps in the process of
nonimmigrant admission to the United States is useful for
108
Table G
Parolees Admitted by Selected Class of Admission from Top Five Countries of Citizenship:
Fiscal Years 1992-96
Class of admission/
Country of citizenship
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
All parolees 137,478 123,490
Deferred inspections 18,970 27,819
Mexico 5,568 6,340
United Kingdom 661 686
Canada 1,046 1,017
El Salvador 548 7,893
Philippines 546 641
Other 10,601 11,242
Port-of-entry & district advance parolees 70,937 63,348
Mexico 12,244 11,548
Canada 3,412 3,288
United Kingdom 2,403 2,195
Philippines 8,078 4,916
Cuba 1,617 1,402
Other 43,183 39,999
Humanitarian, public interest, and
overseas parolees 47,571 32,323
Cuba 1,600 3,220
Mexico 4,585 5,068
Canada 1,700 1,677
Soviet Union (former) 5,426 2,270
Vietnam 16,998 7,585
Other 17,262 12,503
111,403
113,542
23,742
9,311
6,255
1,742
555
404
884
670
4,893
656
524
349
10,631
5,490
58,824
61,019
11,761
15,182
2,754
3,695
1,918
2,456
3,664
3,118
3,998
3,016
34,729
33,552
28,837
43,212
9,149
28,139
4,974
3,454
1,807
2,039
1,909
1,697
4,824
1,477
6,174
6,406
133,503
7,952
1,630
463
452
233
228
4,946
95,415
21,488
6,406
5,371
2,964
2,200
56,986
30,136
17,463
2,539
1,972
1,143
270
6,749
understanding the data produced by the NIIS system.
First, a nonimmigrant visa is secured at a U.S. Consulate
abroad (except for those entering under the Visa Waiver
Pilot Program — see Nonimmigrant Admission section).
These visas may be valid for multiple visits to the United
States. Prior to departing for the United States,
nonimmigrants are screened initially by the transportation
company to insure that their documents are in order.
During the trip, INS Form 1-94 is distributed to non-U.S.
citizens.
At the port of entry, each arriving nonimmigrant presents a
visa, which is usually stamped in the passport, and a
completed Form 1-94 to an immigration inspector. Among
other actions, the inspector checks the form for
completeness, determines the length of admission, and
stamps the class of admission and port of entry on the
form. The arrival portion is torn off and sent to a central
data processing facility. Tlie matching departure section
of the form, usually stapled into the passport, is the
nonimmigrant's proof of legal admission to the United
States. This section of Form 1-94, collected at departure,
is also sent to the data processing facility where it is
processed and matched electronically to the arrival section
of the form.
Other temporary visitors
The Nonimmigrant Information System also includes
information on parolees {e.g., entering for humanitarian,
medical, or legal reasons), withdrawals, stowaways,
deferred inspections (allowed to enter to appear at an INS
office where formal inspection can be completed), and
refugees. Data for these classes of admission are not
shown in the nonimmigrant tables but are included in
summary form in footnotes to the appropriate tables.
Additionally, refugee data are shown in the Refugee
section and parolee data in the Parolee section of the text
and tables.
Temporary visitor information not collected
The Nonimmigrant Information System also does not
include data for permanent resident aliens returning after
short .'isits abroad or for most of the millions of citizens of
Canada and Mexico who cross the border for brief periods
109
Table H
Parolees Admitted by Selected Category of Humanitarian Parole from Selected
Countries of Citizenship: Fiscal Years 1992-96
I
Class of admission/
Country of citizenship
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
All humanitarian parolees 47,571 32,323 28,837 43,212 30,136
Overseas parolees & special programs ' 34,378 16,901 16,471 32,262 19,081
Cuba 1,600 3,220 9,149 28,139 17,463
Soviet Union (former) 5,426 2,270 1,909 1,697 1,143
Vietnam 16,998 7,585 4,824 1,477 270
Haiti 9,199 3,005 212 415 96
Cambodia 998 726 94 57 25
Other 157 95 283 477 184
Humanitarian parolees (medical and
related reasons) 10,680 10,128 10,335 8,878 8,836
Land border countries:
Mexico 3,542 4,265 4,290 2,922 2,184
Canada 1,337 1,177 1,295 1,369 1,377
Other countries:
Pakistan 81 218 472 433 516
India 167 209 344 259 276
China, People's Republic 257 287 381 256 325
Bangladesh 53 65 190 249 184
United Kingdom 288 216 132 198 226
Philippines 683 294 210 185 147
Other 4,272 3,397 3,021 3,007 3,601
Public interest parolees (legal and
related reasons) 2,513 5,294 2,031 2,072 2,119
Land border countries:
Mexico 1,035 796 628 489 338
Canada 359 499 482 612 588
Other countries 1,119 3,999 921 971 1,193
' Includes parole authorized by an INS overseas office and persons from the same countries with other humanitarian parole codes.
of time. Most aliens entering the United States from
Canada or Mexico do not require documentation in the
NIIS system. Canadians may travel for business or
pleasure without travel restrictions for a period of 6 months
without obtaining nonimmigrant visas. Mexicans crossing
the border frequently may apply for border crossing cards
which can be used for admission to the United States for
business or pleasure within 25 miles of the Southwestern
border for a period not to exceed 72 hours.
Limitations of Data
A new data system was developed, and put into place in
mid- 1996. While the new system introduced needed
improvements in many of the data processing functions,
start-up difficulties have led to less complete capture of
some data items for fiscal year 1 996, such as port of entry
and state of intended residence. The detailed tables have
been appropriately footnoted, citing "processing errors"
for the increased number of "unknown" for certain
variables. While the total number of nonimmigrant
admissions has not been affected, caution must be
exercised in interpreting the data. As noted, data for fiscal
year 1997 do not appear in this edition due to data
inconsistencies resulting from the reengineering of both
the data entry and data base management components of
the Nonimmigrant Information System.
AS mentioned, the data system records arrivals via
collection of INS Form 1-94; thus, data represent each
arrival event during the year rather than the actual number
of individuals admitted. Nonimmigrants in several classes
of admission, especially students, intracompany
110
transferees, and visitors for business, often enter (and
leave) many times in any given year.
Also, changes in the procedures for processing student
records, whereby certain records were prematurely moved
off-line and subsequently not included in annual totals,
resulted in a substantial underreporting in the number of
student arrivals for 1991 through 1993. These procedures
have been revised and new student arrival figures developed
for these years. Table 39 reflecst revised student arrival
counts as well as minor differences in numbers for other
classes of admission and country of last residence.
Missing information
Finally, there are gaps in the historical nonimmigrant data
series due to the unavailability of arrival and departure
records for July to September 1979, all of 1980, and for most
characteristics for 1981 and 1982. Country of last residence
and class of admission are the only variables available for
1981 and 1982. No reliable data are available for 1997.
Ill
TABLE 37. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE
SELECTED FISCAL YEARS 1981-96
Region and country of
last residence
All classes ' (in thousands)
1981
1985
1990 =
1995'
1996 =
Visitors for pleasure (in thousands)
1981
1985
1990 =
1995 =
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Czech RepubUc
Slovak Republic
Unknown republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany '
Germany, East
Germany, West
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Moldova
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Croatia
Macedonia
Slovenia
Unknown
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
China"
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Other Asia
See fooUiotes at end of table.
11,757
4,537
58
118
1
5
X
X
5
62
42
441
754
66
13
11
102
264
5
217
84
41
33
6
10
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10
144
174
183
1,669
29
X
X
X
X
X
6
2,290
4
111
75
88
21
17
131
1,372
17
77
15
26
33
28
100
57
27
21
18
6
35
9,540
3,129
48
67
2
6
X
X
6
59
37
358
3
5
537
51
13
8
73
240
5
139
71
46
26
5
6
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
6
103
121
155
923
22
X
X
X
X
X
6
2,627
4
183
101
85
32
40
115
1,555
14
91
22
19
40
28
107
60
37
28
16
11
24
17,574
6,875
108
137
7
16
X
X
16
105
107
742
3
7
1,186
61
23
14
108
402
10
291
114
72
40
15
86
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
86
245
299
296
2,338
36
X
X
X
X
X
10
4,937
6
329
176
125
47
18
175
3,298
19
235
18
13
44
41
143
53
54
45
34
12
31
22,641
8,777
170
203
9
53
18
17
18
111
70
919
1,818
62
41
17
154
527
17
400
105
54
52
15
162
5
1
3
2
4
1
116
22
2
1
3
305
216
386
2,857
24
1
10
2
2
9
30
7,000
13
614
223
155
74
11
215
4,380
13
612
21
10
67
40
171
68
97
94
46
23
52
24,843
9387
184
224
10
59
29
16
14
125
79
962
1,917
62
46
20
185
542
19
423
118
67
56
21
183
4
1
4
3
5
2
134
25
3
2
1
324
248
405
3,041
28
1
12
3
1
11
36
6,913
13
618
236
176
79
9
245
4,049
16
737
24
11
79
38
166
67
114
96
54
27
59
9,515
3,601
49
91
1
3
X
X
3
45
31
341
618
37
10
9
88
189
4
165
50
34
23
3
4
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
4
109
135
150
1,388
21
X
X
X
X
X
4
1,704
2
53
54
57
11
12
102
1,155
8
29
8
16
21
18
60
27
19
12
11
3
18
6,609
2,048
34
39
I
4
X
X
4
36
24
226
3
3
373
34
10
5
55
155
3
82
41
40
18
3
2
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2
64
71
110
598
15
X
X
X
X
X
1
1,866
2
83
64
52
19
33
80
1,277
7
26
10
12
19
17
59
31
23
15
9
6
14
13,418
5,383
87
95
5
12
X
X
12
75
83
566
3
5
969
43
15
10
81
308
8
214
80
55
30
10
53
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
53
183
230
236
1,899
23
X
X
X
X
X
3
3,830
4
187
111
75
28
16
128
2,846
13
120
12
10
27
27
76
33
32
25
20
7
15
17,612
7,012
146
153
4
36
12
11
13
78
47
738
1,550
44
29
14
126
427
15
308
71
36
40
8
54
4
1
2
1
1
Z
33
10
1
Z
1
248
142
321
2,342
14
Z
5
1
1
7
19
5,666
8
378
162
75
44
9
160
3,986
8
427
13
7
40
27
85
45
61
59
27
14
31
112
TABLE 37. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE
SELECTED FISCAL YEARS 1981-96— Continued
Region and country of
last residence
All classes ' (in thousands)
Visitors for
pleasure (in
thousands)
1981
1985
1990'
1995'
1996'
1981
1985
1990'
1995'
1996'
Africa „
225
177
186
228
258
130
101
105
137
157
Egypt
34
27
27
30
34
21
16
16
16
19
Kenya
6
6
8
11
12
4
3
4
6
6
Liberia
6
6
5
2
1
4
4
4
I
1
Morocco
8
7
11
12
14
5
4
7
8
9
Nigeria
54
44
22
17
20
25
25
11
10
12
Senegal
3
3
5
6
6
1
1
2
3
3
South Africa
61
52
379
40
45
365
40
67
679
85
66
611
99
73
651
45
23
315
26
22
282
26
34
562
59
35
478
70
Other Africa
38
Oceania „.......„
512
Australia
230
255
466
428
448
188
195
380
327
342
Fiji
5
6
6
6
5
4
4
4
4
4
New ZctUond '
109
34
2,817
135
90
14
2,189
154
177
31
3,245
216
139
37
3,091
152
45
3,187
225
95
27
2,480
74
9
1,664
153
25
2,463
115
31
2,240
127
38
2314
252
75
79
119
127
121
Mexico
1,768
945
1,348
1,214
1,275
1,634
773
1,061
893
908
Caribbean »-.»....„...
614
774
1,231
1,088
1,154
526
584
963
831
907
Antigua-Baibuda
9
12
25
22
22
7
9
16
15
14
Aruba
Z
Z
14
24
23
Z
Z
10
19
19
172
19
231
24
345
47
266
49
310
51
163
15
211
17
332
34
234
36
292
Barbados
37
British Virgin Islands
4
5
16
15
19
3
4
8
9
10
Cayman Islands
5
24
38
38
43
4
18
31
31
34
Cuba
7
10
34
10
6
5
8
33
8
3
Dominica
19
6
16
17
16
16
4
11
12
11
Dominican Republic
78
87
189
186
185
65
57
137
138
140
Guadeloupe
9
5
8
11
12
8
4
6
9
11
Haiti
43
79
72
56
52
30
56
57
43
39
Jamaica
112
126
213
201
215
93
74
132
130
144
Netherlands Antilles
27
4
38
4
48
11
40
12
34
14
23
3
27
2
31
7
32
8
27
St. Lucia
9
Trinidad & Tobago
81
90
99
82
90
70
71
81
64
70
Turks & Caicos Islands
4
16
300
6
16
316
9
33
449
9
50
536
12
52
531
3
12
245
4
12
228
7
20
320
8
35
387
9
36
376
Belize
11
11
18
21
22
8
8
12
15
16
43
39
83
58
50
71
86
66
124
123
87
135
122
86
131
36
33
74
41
38
53
62
46
91
91
63
99
87
El Salvador
62
Guatemala
97
Honduras
47
55
80
60
61
32
37
52
37
36
Nicaragua
25
17
16
38
35
20
14
13
28
25
Panama
52
54
59
73
75
42
38
43
54
54
Other North America
1
1,449
Z
832
Z
1,343
1
2,481
1
2,539
Z
1,256
Z
606
Z
1,016
1
1,978
1
South America
2,000
Argentina
227
89
175
383
413
206
66
136
320
339
Bolivia
23
17
21
25
26
18
10
14
16
17
Brazil
201
200
393
847
867
164
148
300
710
723
Chile
62
40
75
154
164
48
28
54
117
121
Colombia
206
164
164
238
257
173
123
122
174
187
Ecuador
82
53
75
100
103
71
42
57
77
78
Guyana
11
11
10
14
16
8
7
6
9
11
Paraguay
8
6
9
19
21
6
3
6
14
16
Peru
72
59
124
145
151
60
44
97
98
101
Uruguay
21
10
21
46
51
17
7
16
37
40
Venezuela
530
173
264
500
462
481
122
199
400
362
Other South America
Z
60
Z
221
Z
308
Z
453
8
1,908
Z
30
Z
40
Z
60
Z
101
5
Unknown '
1,204
' Excludes classes of admission processed in the Nonimmigrant Infomiation System in the following years: for all counuies — 1985 - 64,487 parolees. 3,239
withdrawals and stowaways, and 68,044 refugees; 1990 - 90,265 parolees, 19,984 withdrawals and stowaways, and 110,197 refiigees; 1995 - 113,542 parolees,
21,567 withdrawals and stowaways, and 95,576 refugees; 1996 - 133,504 parolees, 17,653 withdrawals and stowaways, and 66,966 refugees. ' Includes admissions
under the Visa Waiver Pilot Program. See Nonimmigrant section of text ' Prior lo fiscal year 1982 and after fiscal year 1990, data for East and West Germany are
included in Germany. ' Includes People's Republic of China and Taiwan. ' Prior to fiscal year 1985, data for Niue are included in New Zealand. ' Due to
processing errors, the number of unknown is significantly higher for fiscal year 1996.
NOTE: Totals may not add due to rounding. X Not applicable. Z Less than 500 admissions.
113
TABLE 38. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996
Region and country of
citizenship
All
classes '
Foreign
govern-
ment
officials '
Temporary
visitors
for
business ^
Temporary
visitors
for
pleasure '
Transit
aliens ■*
Treaty
traders
and
investors •
Students
Spouses
Tempo-
and
rary
children
workers
of
and
students
trainees '
AU countries
Europe ,
Austria
Belgium
Czechoslovakia, former
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Unknown republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former ...
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Croatia
Other republics
Unknown republic
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
China'
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates ..
Other Asia
Africa
Egypt
Morocco
24,842,503
10,418,936
207,841
222,753
63,947
31,613
18,083
14,251
142,799
90,567
1,083,229
2,034,744
70,666
48,947
22,336
229,026
655,819
15,353
526,649
130,484
74,449
75,217
23,611
198,941
145,536
26,610
24,683
2,112
373,351
274,307
395,904
3,375,618
38,243
15,068
7,337
15,838
44,135
7,684,952
15,542
721,724
154,784
234,527
87,641
20,461
261,161
4,521,152
22,117
849,581
20,999
18,230
95,786
49,879
204,983
55,828
101,898
104,807
64,351
15,734
63,767
284342
39.617
16,430
118,157
35,845
494
664
557
264
223
70
414
628
4,054
3,442
632
475
67
347
1,615
102
760
732
652
435
542
4,372
2,608
631
1,100
33
1,396
674
1,239
9,960
687
234
346
107
905
41,700
329
1,043
20
1,017
1,555
2
4,361
12,459
1,126
3,951
1,326
195
1,037
1,644
1,643
3,217
2,050
1,269
991
470
1,995
7,866
2,598
870
3,770326
1391,089
24,466
43,359
11,659
5,950
3,636
2,073
33,101
22,332
159,791
239,446
10,161
8,407
3,025
31,435
96,432
1,505
101,456
30,590
12,567
11,961
5,314
68,879
55,131
7,011
6,201
536
45,895
72,898
45,229
497,346
5,664
2,569
1,208
1,887
8,171
923,109
1,747
197,289
24,379
44,147
15,003
1,477
45,894
286,691
3,723
155,950
2,361
3,508
23.565
6,156
30,477
6,824
26,716
22,547
12,008
1,988
10,659
65,464
8.801
2.353
19,110,004
8,193,113
174,808
168,408
44.711
22.145
11.463
11,103
98,371
58.813
859.762
1,700,994
48,039
34,101
17,574
182,938
528,049
13,308
399,583
85,583
49,992
56,852
12.639
76,891
53.034
12.336
10,465
1,056
298,545
178,727
330,808
2.724,605
22,804
7.376
4.349
11.079
26.208
5,987,630
10,014
421.750
115.900
106.967
51.187
17.116
193.319
4,005,967
13,882
584,954
12,930
11,663
56,365
30,361
108,944
35,112
66,657
62.823
36.162
9.416
36,141
164383
22,330
10,769
325,538
59,174
490
286
471
165
174
132
1,392
357
1,713
3,696
5,309
900
50
415
3,857
20
2,447
2,794
3,807
2,847
1,997
7,881
6,020
1,413
292
156
1.153
1,161
324
10,928
3,084
2,618
81
385
1,795
128,098
182
20,615
5,616
8,589
6,259
114
615
7,395
131
24.674
39
167
1.687
690
45,208
678
723
2,143
1,278
12
1,283
5,281
744
203
138,568
51,932
808
1,010
35
5
27
3
1,084
624
5,289
12,558
31
6
1
271
4,188
27
2,121
1.223
31
9
15
59
35
24
1,701
1,304
1,991
17,398
124
53
61
10
24
77,679
3
3,890
24
35
20
38
3,802
60,723
4
7,370
2
5
10
503
726
18
31
247
218
3
7
91
13
17
426,903
90,690
1,506
1,227
1,355
612
529
214
1,270
1,081
8,698
13,191
3,280
1,062
496
913
5,549
88
2,886
2,758
1,402
836
887
6,617
4,557
882
1,094
84
8,563
5,556
6,648
10,224
2,397
799
538
1,060
2.200
246,227
1,720
39,225
6,139
17.354
10.579
405
2.762
66,699
1,625
45,413
3,009
855
8,580
3,732
1,524
4,816
3,259
12,259
7,257
3,096
5,919
12,072
1,286
1,031
32,485
2,995
48
55
57
33
15
9
40
62
264
296
50
49
141
22
130
72
87
54
39
141
506
379
64
61
2
133
65
187
310
61
15
10
36
126
23,875
207
5,657
70
1.004
379
77
254
2.733
100
7,156
933
17
554
207
81
2,791
154
135
231
595
540
784
188
19
227,440
75,966
1,129
1,311
615
344
186
85
1,020
804
8,201
8,373
884
645
203
2,282
3,645
83
3,482
1,136
1,231
359
363
6,208
4,882
806
474
46
3,847
1,907
1,556
25,198
726
290
68
368
758
70,248
423
6.181
1.111
31.417
397
170
2.417
10,634
325
3,127
30
660
1,040
1.883
7,014
82
628
442
1,128
8
1,131
4,996
630
243
See footnotes at end of table.
114
TABLE 38. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
Region and country of
citizenship
All
classes '
Foreign
govern-
ment
officials '
Temporary
visitors
for
business '
Temporary
visitors
for
pleasure'
Transit
aliens '
Treaty
traders
and
investors ■
Students
Spouses
and
children
of
students
Tempo-
rary
workers
and
trainees '
Spouses
and
children
of temp,
workers
and
trainees '
Nigeria
South Africa
Other Africa
Oceania
AustraUa
New Zealand
Pacific Island Triist Territory
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean .„ _
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cayman Islands
Dominica'
Dominican Republic '
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad & Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Unknown '
25,359
94,286
108,650
667369
458,100
165,696
29,365
14,208
2,990316
97,672
1,298,885
1,062,775
20,199
296,088
49,347
26,373
12,858
191,963
61,397
222,954
94,200
87,396
530,764
21,176
119,053
90,752
131,022
61,185
37,187
70,389
220
2,616,125
427,988
27,341
882,952
171,900
273,396
105,706
20,591
20,051
166,047
53,022
460.457
6,674
180,463
120
585
3,693
4,486
3,843
353
46
244
12,406
445
2,533
5,851
172
1,009
631
1
62
567
1,219
1,082
404
704
3,577
166
310
664
803
558
150
926
14,820
2,309
551
3,424
1,671
1,637
1,125
119
318
990
584
2,033
59
1,034
7,214
20,565
26,531
117,760
91.289
24.660
17
1,794
620,293
11,471
309,141
184318
6,664
10,340
10,856
4,930
3,055
38,482
11,214
59,406
16,420
22,951
115342
5.141
27.480
19.504
28.230
13.213
7.600
14.174
21
410,272
62.356
6,068
102,625
33,664
57,800
18,664
5,589
3,447
27,509
9,164
81,792
1.594
42,339
14,464
64,138
52,682
512,086
339,666
134,474
27,983
9,963
2,119,438
7,370
915,918
825,003
12,838
280,287
36,204
20,981
8,777
142,242
45,705
148,210
72,075
57,684
370,958
14,683
84,466
64,001
95,350
35,951
25,647
50,860
189
2,017,113
344,065
16,550
727,553
124,736
192,642
78,702
13,298
14,661
105,632
39,868
355,071
4,335
116.241
206
1,275
2,853
4,650
2,641
513
20
1,476
60,637
646
13,858
20,016
57
437
554
88
496
5,462
1,988
6,433
1,781
2,720
26,114
584
3,584
4,336
4,238
9,367
2,569
1,436
3
64,778
4,757
2,148
13,213
5.254
7.194
2,776
856
548
24,428
1,293
1,913
398
2,920
4
23
34
520
496
19
2
3
3,904
2.620
980
85
2
8
1
5
14
1
22
5
27
219
1
86
21
14
60
12
25
2,175
775
107
186
19
792
12
1
103
23
1
91
65
2.267
760
1.109
7.886
2,966
2,092
654
4
216
37,270
9,341
10,887
11,606
292
3,269
537
346
205
847
420
2,384
1,542
1,764
5,435
335
899
575
822
807
349
1,648
1
30,929
3,101
677
11,286
1,159
4,412
1,999
185
364
1,734
260
5,661
91
6,749
25
79
473
198
141
33
24
1,946
371
1,027
361
13
116
12
5
7
31
3
81
37
56
187
4
57
19
35
29
16
27
2,573
277
26
742
198
260
83
11
25
99
53
799
114
617
1,952
1,554
6,965
4,330
1,223
1.291
121
48380
10.386
26.536
9,278
71
244
228
4
179
2.926
384
3.795
979
468
2,180
31
455
399
340
368
165
422
18326
2.913
204
4.377
985
2,666
538
136
75
1,966
197
4,444
25
2,359
238
1,098
376
1,188
971
209
8
5,037
2,231
1,965
525
4
59
16
4
11
250
4
70
75
32
316
12
88
44
53
36
18
65
4315
612
44
1,357
218
439
120
23
18
381
47
1,249
7
298
See footnotes at end of table.
115
TABLE 38. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
Region and country of
citizenship
Intemational
represen-
tatives '
Represen-
tatives of
foreign
information
media '
Exchange
visitors
Spouses
and
children of
exchange
visitors
Fian-
ces(ees)
of U.S.
citizens '
Intra-
company
transferees
Spouses
and
children of
intra-
company
transferees
NATO
officials '
North
American
Free-Trade
Agreement
workers '
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Czechoslovakia, former
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Unknown repubUc
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former ....
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Croatia
Other republics
Unknown republic
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
China'
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates ...
Other Asia
Africa
Egypt
Morocco
79328
29,194
477
1,241
335
154
141
40
787
512
4,650
2,893
405
325
78
514
1,780
47
1,644
626
413
371
256
3,001
1,969
327
693
12
1,177
1,028
591
4,926
498
163
117
218
619
16^17
460
1,257
72
2,855
518
411
472
1,810
235
729
199
363
425
1,126
2,402
245
155
325
580
47
1,831
10,464
735
380
33,596
19,081
315
430
247
136
90
21
224
279
1,742
3,889
209
183
14
276
968
13
708
253
265
167
139
511
407
27
76
1
863
615
565
5,730
323
171
38
114
153
8,861
7
555
116
201
197
29
161
5,476
26
1,348
24
37
95
52
109
55
50
102
160
4
57
499
86
50
215,475
133,849
1,983
1,614
3,320
1,510
1,405
405
2,545
2,002
13,310
24,517
1,020
1,941
372
6,797
4,949
53
4,251
2,481
2,731
506
766
16,230
10,682
2,118
3,353
77
6,463
4,991
2,857
24,575
1,292
580
436
276
2,283
41,697
171
6,119
401
3,327
787
121
2,473
10,986
433
4,565
51
426
1,129
1,512
1,098
629
432
1,998
2,703
67
2,269
6,659
1,151
331
41,250
11,916
188
232
256
118
103
35
316
300
1,199
1,738
110
372
162
225
582
1
313
318
346
75
150
1,775
1.308
236
204
27
653
356
645
1,218
100
52
29
19
286
21,485
71
3,346
32
1,257
269
74
1,480
6,005
181
4,931
34
54
387
716
243
899
178
185
677
23
443
1,239
457
55
10,023
2,506
16
13
13
6
7
7
17
71
172
35
24
1
86
34
66
17
142
29
91
1,049
733
228
70
18
40
33
13
422
37
9
7
21
78
4,751
5
602
31
360
25
252
14
259
93
209
113
24
79
1,533
3
12
157
39
941
547
20
31
140,457
66,357
759
1,478
80
53
10
17
1,102
1,616
8,088
10,259
174
145
56
1,644
2,336
51
3,792
943
188
297
47
1,519
1,296
116
97
10
1,626
3,086
1,981
24,872
110
37
15
58
108
41,668
25
8,281
521
2,255
200
36
1,074
24,284
70
2,179
22
63
434
221
917
213
435
72
247
119
1,131
156
33
73305
31,007
214
780
57
20
15
22
518
922
4,806
4,462
34
84
31
581
779
45
1,831
379
126
112
28
1,074
863
86
114
11
640
1,471
967
10,902
76
21
13
42
88
25,823
16
3,677
249
1,440
168
22
845
16,124
38
1,756
29
28
296
183
302
199
259
40
113
39
808
135
25
10,945
8,243
7
392
12
5
3
4
354
6
92
3,569
222
7
2
23
460
7
642
396
23
258
4
29
22
2
5
180
17
24
1,502
8
2
3
3
7
973
2
129
31
35
17
5
55
15
6
112
3
6
18
11
33
10
21
21
423
5
15
43
5
2
34,681
See footnotes at end of table.
116
TABLE 38. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
Represen-
Spouses
Fian-
ces(ees)
of U.S.
Spouses
North
Region and country of
citizenship
International
represen-
tatives of
foreign
Exchange
visitors
and
children of
Intra-
company
children of
intra-
NATO
officials '
American
Free-Trade
Unknown
tatives '
information
media'
exchange
visitors
citizens '
transferees
company
transferees
Agreement
workers '
Nigeria
649
45
365
106
248
171
122
5
.
.
331
8,369
1,894
135
183
993
1,733
3,079
5,671
217
404
879
20
228
116
579
192
4,882
432
94
2,034
15
16
80
-
Other Africa
3
Oceania „.»
1
Australia
1,239
841
4,168
692
76
3,919
1,631
65
-
-
New Zealand
444
2
143
1,427
161
29
947
393
14
:
-
Pacific Island Trust Territory
-
209
7,303
9
1,100
76
12391
26
2,226
11
1,442
16
13306
10
7319
1
1,078
34,681
1
North America ....„.„
159
Canada
1,820
144
3,698
602
478
7,037
4,015
547
34,438
12
Mexico
1,314
534
4,461
1,142
395
4,759
2.787
258
243
147
Caribbean
2,193
307
1,583
176
398
631
254
190
-
-
Antigua-Barbuda
58
1
18
-
1
3
1
4
-
-
Bahamas, The
88
21
63
30
5
41
23
48
-
-
Barbados
164
11
72
12
4
20
14
11
-
-
Cayman Islands
2
1
4
.
_
2
-
5
-
-
7
283
1
61
18
348
3
47
13
107
12
165
4
96
3
35
_
-
Dominican Republic '
-
Haiti
261
18
107
10
27
19
5
12
-
-
Jamaica
394
31
676
32
112
157
31
38
-
-
Trinidad & Tobago
421
8
149
34
27
159
66
18
-
-
515
1,974
33
154
115
2
128
2,646
117
8
306
6
102
171
6
53
878
41
14
263
8
16
83
6
-
-
.
Belize
-
Costa Rica
472
359
323
26
42
16
648
616
431
84
13
107
18
28
18
271
100
160
89
21
56
20
10
26
-
-
El Salvador
-
Guatemala
-
Honduras
245
6
286
41
49
122
38
9
-
-
Nicaragua
304
7
292
17
7
28
2
4
-
-
Panama
238
16
256
38
45
156
49
8
-
-
Other North America
2
.
3
.
-
1
-
-
-
-
South America
13,011
2,674
14,184
3340
584
10,437
5,729
447
.
18
Argentina
1,935
453
1,555
516
20
1,524
754
66
-
-
BoUvia
636
11
222
21
3
42
25
6
-
-
BrazU
2,591
1,072
6,295
1,308
95
4,175
2,490
162
-
1
Chile
1,467
265
931
292
30
590
390
29
-
2
Colombia
1,698
246
1,411
241
242
1,128
541
43
-
4
Ecuador
502
54
708
69
28
211
91
23
-
1
Guyana
283
1
23
8
31
17
2
7
-
1
Paraguay
174
38
161
48
8
34
25
4
-
-
Peru
1,797
161
506
119
90
393
180
32
-
7
Uruguay
904
68
277
84
4
139
69
10
-
Venezuela
957
305
2,073
633
32
2,179
1,158
65
2
Other South America
67
1,145
388
22
1,024
1
165
1
77
5
2,676
4
585
81
_
Unknown '
1
' Excludes the following classes of admission processed in the Nonimmigrant Information System: for all countries — 133,504 parolees; 17,653 withdrawals and
stowaways; and 66,966 refugees. ' Includes admissions under the Visa Waiver Pilot Program. See Nonimmigrant section of text. ' Includes spouses and unmarried
minor (or dependent) children. ' Includes foreign government officials and their spouses and unmarried minor (or dependent) children in tfansit. ' Excludes workers
(and their spouses and children) under the North American Free-Trade Agreement (shown separately). ' Includes People's Republic of China and Taiwan. A total of
609.234 nonimmigrant visas were issued in these two countries in fiscal year 1996: 379,355 to Taiwan and 229.879 to People's Republic of China. (SOURCE: U.S.
Department of State. Bureau of Consular Affairs. Visa Office.) ' Includes minor children of fiances(ees). * Due to misreporting. reliable counts by country of
citizenship are not available; therefore, data are given the same distribution as for country of last residence (see page 10). The number of nonimmigrant visas issued in
fiscal year 1996 for Dominica was 1,761 ; the Dominican Republic. 72.054. (SOURCE: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Visa Office.) ' Due to
processing errors, the number of unknown is significantly higher than in previous Yearbooks.
NOTE: See Glossary for detailed descriptions of classes of admission.
- Represents zero.
117
TABLE 39. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY CLASS OF ADMISSION
SELECTED FISCAL YEARS 1981-96
Class of admission '
1981
1985
1990
1993'
1994
1995
All classes '
Foreign government officials and families
Ambassadors, public ministers, career
diplomatic or consular officers (Al)
Other foreign government officials or
employees (A2)
Attendants, servants, or personal employees
of Al and A2 classes (A3)
Temporary visitors
For business (B I)
Visa Waiver, business
For pleasure (B2)
Visa Waiver, pleasure
Transit aliens
Aliens in transit (CI)
Aliens in transit to the U.N. (C2)
Foreign government officials and families
in transit (C3)
Transit without visa (C4)
Treaty traders and investors and families
Treaty traders (El)
Treaty investors (E2 )
Students
Academic students (Fl)
Vocational students (Ml)
Spouses and children of students
Academic students (F2)
Vocational students (M2)
Representatives (and families) to
international organizations
Principals of recognized foreign
governments (Gl)
Other representatives of recognized
foreign governments (G2)
Representatives of nonrecognized foreign
governments (G3)
International organization officers or
employees (G4)
Attendants, servants, or personal
employees of representatives (05)
Temporary workers and trainees '
Registered nurses (HIA) '
Specialty occupations (HIB) '
Performing services unavailable in the
United States (H2)
Agricultural workers (H2A)
Nonagricultura! workers (H2B)
Industrial trainees (H3)
Workers with extraordinary
ability/achievement (Ol) '
Workers accompanying and assisting in
performance of Ol workers (02) '
Internationally recognized athletes or
entertainers (PI) '
11,756,903
84,710
NA
NA
NA
10,650,592
1,135,422
X
9,515,170
X
214,218
NA
NA
NA
NA
80,802
NA
NA
240,805
NA
NA
31,056
NA
NA
54,223
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
44,770
X
NA
NA
X
X
NA
X
X
X
9,539,880
90,190
21,168
67,084
1,938
8,405,409
1,796,819
X
6,608,590
X
236,537
138,957
1,804
7,010
88,766
96,489
65,406
31,083
257,069
251,234
5,835
28,427
27,747
680
57,203
8,316
6.989
271
40,397
1,230
74,869
X
47,322
24,544
X
X
3,003
X
X
X
17,574,055
96,689
22,018
72,511
2,160
16,079,666
2,661,338
294,065
13,418,328
4,528,112
306,156
153,801
1,296
6,190
144,869
147,536
78,658
68,878
326,264
319,467
6,797
28,943
28,490
453
61,449
8,256
8,110
376
43,104
1,603
139,587
X
100,446
35,973
18,219
17,754
3,168
X
X
X
21,566,404
102,121
23,783
76,393
1,945
19,879,443
2.961,092
640,397
16,918,351
8,624,006
331,208
173.149
796
7.923
149.340
144,644
65.362
79,282
370,620
362,700
7,920
32,652
32,103
549
72,755
9,032
8,962
362
52,856
1,543
162,976
6.506
92.795
29,475
14,628
14,847
3.126
3.105
964
17.109
22,118,706
105,299
24,237
79.143
1.919
20318,933
3,164.099
786.739
17,154,834
8,969,404
330,936
175.285
875
8.359
146.417
141,030
60.196
80,834
394,001
386,157
7,844
33,720
33,071
649
74,722
9,662
9,344
352
53,768
1,596
185,988
6.106
105,899
28,872
13.185
15.687
3,075
5,029
1,455
22,500
22,640,539
103,606
23,259
78,299
2,048
20,886,867
3,275,334
942,538
17,611,533
9,407,254
320333
168,602
903
9,099
141,729
131,777
53,557
78,220
364,220
356.585
7.635
31,260
30.849
411
71,982
9.319
9,497
290
51,410
1,466
196,760
6,512
117,574
25,587
11,394
14,193
2.787
5.974
1.813
22.397
See footnotes at end of table.
118
TABLE 39. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY CLASS OF ADMISSION
SELECTED FISCAL YEARS 1981-96— Continued
Class of adnussion '
1981
1985
1990
1993'
1994
1995
1996
Artists or entertainers in reciprocal
exchange programs (P2) '
Artists or entertainers in culturally unique
programs (P3) "
Workers in international cultural exchange
Droerams (01) '
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
422
4,036
994
4,444
613
4,942
1,546
5.951
660
5,315
1,399
6,742
1.727
5,938
2,056
Workers in religious occupations (Rl) ' ....
8,992
pouses and children of temporary
10,110
10,110
X
X
X
12,632
12,632
X
X
X
28,687
28.687
X
X
X
39,704
37,833
322
498
1,051
43,207
40.490
549
562
1,606
46380
43,247
751
592
1,790
53,572
50.106
Spouses and children of HI, H2, and H3
workers (H4)
Spouses and children of 01 and 02
workers (03) '
877
Spouses and children of PI, P2, and P3
workers (P4) '
667
Spouses and children of Rl workers (R2) '
1,922
epresentatives (and families) of foreign
information media (11)
16,708
16,753
20,252
21,032
27,691
24,220
33.596
xchange visitors (Jl)
pouses and children of exchange visitors (J2)
80,230
27,793
110,942
30,271
174,247
40.397
196,782
42,623
216,610
42,561
201,095
39,269
215.475
41.250
iances(ees) of U.S. citizens (Kl)
5,456
742
6,975
832
6.545
673
8,541
816
8,124
764
7,793
768
9.011
hildren of fiances(ees) of U.S. citizens (K2)
1.012
itracompany transferees (LI)
38,595
26,449
65,349
41,533
63,180
39,375
82,606
49,537
98,189
56,048
112,124
61,621
140.457
pouses and children of intracompany
transferees (L2) ... ...
73,305
ATO officials and families (Nl-7)
7,124
8,323
8.333
8,902
9,135
8,579
10,945
rofessional workers, U.S. -Canada Free-
Trade Agreement (TC) '
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
5.293
594
X
X
16,610
2,386
X
X
5,031
498
19,806
5,535
X
X
23,904
7.202
X
pouses and children of U.S. -Canada Free-
X
rofessional workers. North American Free-
Trade Agreement (TN) '
26,987
pouses and and children of North American
Free-Trade Agreement workers (TD) '
7.694
142,520
77
189
446
878
779
310
' See Glossary for detailed descriptions of classes of admission.
Data for fiscal year 1993 differ from data published in previous Yearbooks due t(
itries for other classes of nonimmigrant admission. See Nonimmigrani section of
Excludes classes of admission processed in the Nonimmigrani Information Syst
ilhdrawals (R4) and stowaways (R5). and 68,044 refugees (RF); 1990 - 90.265 p
IF); 1993 - 123.628 parolees. 26,435 withdrawals (WD) and stowaways (ST), an
owaways (ST), and 114,471 refugees (RE); 1995 - 113,542 parolees. 21.567 w
arolees, 17.653 withdrawals (WD) and stowaways (ST), and 66,966 refugees (RE)
Excludes admissions under the U.S.-Canada Free-Trade Agreement and the Nort
Admissions began October 1, 1990 (fiscal year 1991).
Prior 10 October 1, 1991 (fiscal year 1992), HIB admissions were termed "Distir
Admissions began in April 1992.
Admissions under the U.S.-Canada Free-Trade Agreement began January 1989
greemenl began January 1, 1994.
) corrections in the underreporting
text.
em in the following years: for all
u-olees (Rl-3). 19,984 withdrawal
d 113,152 refugees (RE); 1994-
ithdrawals (WD) and stowaways
ti American Free-Trade Agreemer
guished merit or ability."
and ended December 31, 1993. A
of student entries and more mino
counuies — 1985 - 64.487 parolee
s (R4) and stowaways (R5), and 1
111.403 parolees, 22.461 wiUidra
(ST), and 95,576 refugees (RE);
t (shown separately).
idmissions under die North Amen
adjustments to
s (Rl-3), 3,239
10,197 refugees
wals (WD) and
1996 - 133,504
can Free-Trade
NOTE: "Family," "immediate family," and "spouse and children" are defined as
NA Not available. X Not applicable.
spouse and unmarried minor (or
lependenl) children.
119
TABLE 40. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AS TEMPORARY WORKERS, EXCHANGE VISITORS, AND
INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREES BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996
Workers
Other temporary workers
Intra-
Total
Registered
nurses
(HIA)
with
specialty
occupations
(HIB)
(H2)
Industrial
trainees
(H3)
Exchange
visitors
(Jl)
company
Region and country
of citizenship
Agricultural
(H2A)
Non-
agricultural
(H2B)
trans-
ferees
(LI)
610359
276,172
360
2,046
241
144,458
52,054
11
9,635
63
14345
1,513
1
2,986
1,212
215,475
133,849
338
140,457
66357
Albania
3
Austria
3,871
4
617
-
56
15
1,983
759
Belgium
4,403
2
1,021
-
128
18
1,614
1,478
Bulgaria
1,065
-
212
-
1
2
624
33
Czechoslovakia, former
4,015
1
281
2
36
21
3,320
80
Czech Republic
1,907
-
139
-
8
9
1,510
53
1,601
1
111
1
22
11
1,405
10
507
31
1
6
1
405
17
Denmark
4,667
411
4,422
2
2
811
15
612
;
49
7
59
35
1
10
2,545
321
2,002
1,102
Estonia
15
Finland
1,616
France
29,599
15
6,076
2
47
154
13,310
8,088
Germany
43,149
14
6,117
3
136
239
24,517
10,259
Greece
2,078
-
632
1
39
3
1,020
174
Hungary
2,731
-
349
-
9
18
1,941
145
Iceland
631
-
121
-
-
372
56
Ireland
10,723
20
1,137
8
76
47
6,797
1,644
Italy
10,930
7
2,558
-
16
80
4,949
2,336
Latvia
453
-
47
-
6
-
369
17
Lithuania
689
-
67
-
2
541
6
Luxembourg
187
-
73
-
1
-
53
51
Malta
107
11,525
7
2
2,694
5
108
81
72
4,251
28
Netherlands
3,792
4,560
4,150
1
2
675
696
28
40
28
9
35
2,481
2,731
943
Poland
188
Portugal
1,162
-
254
-
5
2
506
297
1,176
23,957
1
2
245
2,805
2
158
1
39
766
16,230
47
Soviet Union, former
1,519
16,860
3,040
2
2,190
338
1
88
12
27
11
10,682
2,118
1,296
Ukraine
116
3,924
_
254
1
55
1
3,353
97
133
_
23
-
3
-
77
10
Spain
11,936
9,984
6
3
2,529
1,457
3
1
30
78
123
27
6,463
4,991
1,626
Sweden
3,086
Switzerland
6,394
3
1,126
1
107
61
2,857
1,981
United Kingdom
74,645
2,128
149
18,221
565
7
265
25
182
7
24,575
1,292
24,872
Yugoslavia, former
110
Croatia
907
-
225
-
5
6
580
37
Other republics
519
.
36
-
17
1
436
15
Unknown republic
702
-
304
-
3
-
276
58
Other Europe
64
-
28
-
2
-
18
6
153,613
42
1,503
56,981
4
8
2,668
1^52
41,697
8
41,668
Afghanistan
6
Bahrain
51
-
7
-
-
-
37
3
Bangladesh
619
-
336
-
-
1
171
25
2
72
-
3
-
-
1
41
China'
20,581
7
4,377
436
94
6,119
8,281
767
-
122
1
-
615
20
Hong Kong
2,033
-
821
2
13
401
521
36,999
1,384
71
2
29,239
313
29
4
54
12
3,327
787
2,255
Indonesia
200
327
.
153
-
2
121
36
Iraq
138
-
81
-
11
1
See footnotes at end of table.
120
TABLE 40. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AS TEMPORARY WORKERS, EXCHANGE VISITORS, AND
INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREES BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Total
Registered
nurses
(HI A)
Workers
with
specialty
occupations
(HIB)
Other temporary workers
(H2)
Agricultural
(H2A)
Non-
agricultural
(H2B)
Industrial
trainees
(H3)
Exchange
visitors
(Jl)
Intra-
company
trans-
ferees
(LI)
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Macau
Malaysia
Nepal
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
Jrica
Algeria
Angola
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Cote d'lvoire
Egypt
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Kenya
Mali
Mauritius
Morocco
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Tunisia
Uganda
Zaire
Zambia
I Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Oceania . ..„..
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Pacific Island Trust Territory
« footnotes at end of table.
5.964
45,904
828
9,871
103
1,149
20
2,603
271
586
3,616
9,029
99
924
1,495
533
526
2,512
4,078
75
255
64
95
12,786
197
24
144
25
169
1,937
245
38
516
176
542
115
59
607
1,153
224
61
4,264
78
387
177
233
114
157
290
854
17,518
12,417
44
3,597
1,291
1
10
2
7
4
1,391
1
1
71
26
30
1
4
4
61
33
28
2,000
7,401
310
1,934
20
535
8
876
80
4
1,760
4,173
3
70
553
342
173
183
1,064
1
9
2
24
3,577
72
3
47
1
44
485
54
4
94
9
185
11
25
119
366
30
22
1,648
37
44
40
40
27
13
77
80
4,023
3,203
17
785
112
32
80
6
937
2
259
13
1
971
1
33
24
1
2
250
183
I
66
38
806
78
6
3
3
104
4
11
1
9
31
5
2
1
69
62
2,473
10,986
433
4,565
51
426
1
1,129
137
581
1,512
1,098
96
629
432
143
295
1,998
2,703
67
204
58
42
6,659
96
9
73
20
95
1,151
153
29
347
81
288
72
27
331
365
151
26
1,733
32
330
123
144
32
83
160
708
5,671
4,168
11
1,427
1,074
24,284
70
2,179
22
63
8
434
25
1
221
917
213
435
18
11
72
247
6
4
14
1,131
7
11
4
4
156
21
1
13
2
6
1
5
33
171
8
11
579
4
8
12
1
9
20
11
33
4,882
3,919
3
947
121
TABLE 40. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AS TEMPORARY WORKERS, EXCHANGE VISITORS, AND
INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREES BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
Workers
Other temporary workers
(H2)
Intra-
Total
Registered
nurses
with
specialty
Industrial
Exchange
company
Region and country
trans-
of citizenship
(HIA)
occupations
(HIB)
Agricultural
(H2A)
Non-
agricultural
(H2B)
trainees
(H3)
visitors
(Jl)
ferees
(LI)
Tonga
61
_
13
_
_
1
13
3
41
67
101,064
47,915
141
23
2
3
12,525
4,192
9,103
127
9,406
1,738
261
74
4
48
1231
3,698
_
Other Oceania
10
13306
Canada
7,037
Mexico
35,949
73
5,273
8,833
5,539
141
4,461
4,759
Caribbean
11,492
43
1,846
137
2,009
30
1,583
631
Anguilla
7
-
-
-
7
-
Antigua
92
-
25
-
21
-
18
3
Aruba
21
-
7
-
6
6
1
Bahamas, The
348
3
166
_
3
2
63
41
Barbados
320
156
-
4
72
20
Bermuda
121
-
78
-
11
-
3
13
British Virgin Islands
5
-
1
-
-
-
1
1
10
_
4
_
.
_
4
2
Cuba
218
-
15
-
4
-
29
209
3,439
2
16
325
15
68
533
10
18
348
12
Dominican Republic ^ ....
165
Grenada
56
13
24
12
3
Haiti
510
1
95
-
3
4
107
19
Jamaica
4,628
28
415
122
1,235
2
676
157
Netherland Antilles
31
33
46
68
3
14
7
10
15
2
8
4
11
27
13
1
St Kitts & Nevis
2
6
St. Vincent & Grenadines
23
Trinidad & Tobago
1,287
6
474
-
88
4
149
159
Turks & Caicos Islands
12
21
5,704
2
4
1
U14
6
120
16
3
19
2,646
2
Other Caribbean
1
Central America
878
Behze
189
14
2
117
41
1,374
1,115
931
1
357
151
166
6
9
12
18
6
I
1
648
616
431
271
100
Guatemala
160
Honduras
776
-
161
-
43
5
286
122
Nicaragua
485
-
68
-
1
-
292
28
Panama
834
1
297
-
37
1
2.56
156
Other North America
4
_
.
_
.
3
1
South America
43,147
23
13,602
344
413
133
14,184
10,437
Argentina
5,992
2
2,169
-
49
11
1,555
1,524
Bolivia
468
1
154
1
1
222
42
Brazil
14,847
4
3,365
21
28
6,295
4,175
Chile
2,506
-
735
45
29
9
931
590
Colombia
5,205
3
1,700
18
36
1,411
1,128
Ecuador
1,457
3
391
-
-
3
708
211
Guyana
176
-
58
-
1
3
23
17
Paraguay
270
69
-
1
-
161
34
Pern
2.865
4
1,356
299
47
5
506
393
Suriname
52
-
17
-
-
22
5
Uruguay
613
-
165
-
-
-
277
139
Venezuela
8,696
6
3,423
-
246
37
2,073
2,179
Unknown '
6,059
6
1,696
4
62
28
1,024
2,676
See footnotes at end of table.
122
TABLE 40. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AS TEMPORARY WORKERS, EXCHANGE VISITORS, AND
INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREES BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Workers
with
extraordinary
ability or
achievement
(01)
Workers
accom-
panying and
assisting in
performance
ofOl
workers
(02)
Inter-
nationally
recognized
athletes or
entertainers
(PI)
Artists or
entertainers
in reciprocal
exchange
programs
(P2)
Artists or
entertainers
in culturally
unique
programs
(P3)
Workers
in inter-
national
cultural
exchange
programs
(Ql)
Workers in
religious
occupations
(Rl)
North
American
Free-Trade
Agreement
workers
(TN)
11 countries
urope
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia, former
Czech Republic
Slovak RepubUc
Unknown republic ....
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic ....
I Spain
(Sweden
'Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Croatia
Other republics
Unknown republic ....
Dther Europe
..ia
Afghanistan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Cambodia
China'
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
footnotes at end of table.
7,177
4,628
87
49
II
30
16
7
7
71
3
35
495
437
26
24
7
97
370
2
1
1
1
179
72
24
9
2
276
225
29
14
8
198
114
76
1,900
22
11
4
7
9
667
3
4
70
5
31
52
5
2
9
93
220
2.112
961
9
12
1
15
9
6
4
74
93
3
2
1
52
31
10
3
7
6
116
110
5
1
60
6
8
439
4
3
1
583
1
49
148
76
1
2
32
19
86
25,968
9,680
299
59
146
142
107
18
17
14
48
32
669
697
91
147
69
526
175
10
10
3
233
46
200
21
16
2,236
1,775
352
98
11
471
151
113
3,016
40
12
7
21
1,484
20
I
401
I
10
84
4
I
137
392
1,727
205
1
20
13
6
1
2
1
4
17
10
21
4
11
2
3
3
27
23
4
3
6
62
1
1
5,938
1,717
13
6
33
31
21
1
9
2
II
107
70
59
52
127
67
58
44
15
125
22
90
342
291
29
22
198
6
8
216
15
3
12
16
2,279
-
22
4
40
31
413
.
1
10
38
17
1,195
2
41
-
6
11
7
12
296
2,056
1,559
3
6
399
326
14
5
136
28
250
18
I
100
98
2
11
3
3
239
250
117
14
1
50
8,992
2,133
4
19
14
36
22
8
6
24
1
36
159
224
6
44
5
166
201
2
4
4
82
23
65
37
7
105
53
27
24
I
214
58
44
502
47
24
3
20
2,457
2
18
24
186
2
24
599
13
4
3
105
424
26,987
123
TABLE 40. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AS TEMPORARY WORKERS, EXCHANGE VISITORS, AND
INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREES BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Macau
Malaysia
Nepal
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Cote d'lvoire
Egypt
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Kenya
Mali
Mauritius
Morocco
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Tunisia
Uganda
Zaire
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Pacific Island Trust Territory
Tonga
Western Samoa
Other Oceania
Workers
with
extraordinary
ability or
achievement
(Ol)
66
19
5
10
34
2
9
3
2
3
20
88
3
16
3
3
6
36
363
290
5
68
Workers
accom-
panying and
assisting in
performance
ofOl
workers
(02)
1
92
25
1
10
22
1
9
7
1
11
47
34
13
Inter-
nationally
recognized
athletes or
entertainers
(PI)
193
64
4
18
75
3
19
1
32
5
15
2
1
435
1
3
2
66
2
7
78
31
3
53
33
II
97
1
II
20
343
267
2
71
Artists or
entertainers
in reciprocal
exchange
programs
(P2)
34
Artists or
entertainers
in culturally
unique
programs
(P3)
24
18
17
5
90
4
56
2
1
3
16
3
23
2
355
15
15
27
3
23
4
7
28
19
87
16
12
5
31
19
36
1
7
41
27
14
Workers
in inter-
national
cultural
exchange
programs
(Ql)
58
2
52
43
1
13
12
Workers in
religious
occupations
(Rl)
4
400
3
6
35
22
18
306
3
24
24
2
170
13
4
7
12
308
I
4
1
1
25
14
27
2
18
76
2
1
85
15
12
3
5
10
1,625
170
5
90
1,291
31
35
3
See footnotes at end of table.
124
TABLE 40. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AS TEMPORARY WORKERS, EXCHANGE VISITORS, AND
INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREES BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
Workers
Workers
accom-
Inter-
Artists or
Artists or
Workers
North
with
panying and
nationally
entertainers
entertainers
national
cultural
exchange
Workers in
American
Region and country
extraordinary
assisting in
recognized
in reciprocal
in culturally
religious
Free-Trade
of citizenship
ability or
performance
athletes or
exchange
unique
occupations
Agreement
achievement
ofOl
entertainers
programs
programs
(Rl)
workers
(Ol)
workers
(02)
(PI)
(P2)
(P3)
(Ql)
(TN)
orth /Vmerica „
852
426
11,547
1,267
1,073
169
1,610
26,987
Canada
481
207
1,522
1,125
253
49
595
26,794
Mexico
171
65
5,463
66
302
98
512
193
Caribbean „ „
148
150
4,063
57
461
22
312
.
Anguilla
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Antigua
-
-
17
-
-
-
8
.
Aniba
-
-
-
-
,
_
1
_
Bahamas, The
3
9
10
33
_
3
12
_
Barbados
1
-
63
.
-
-
4
_
Bermuda
-
-
.
.
.
_
16
_
British Virgin Islands
-
-
1
-
_
_
1
_
Cayman Islands
Cuba
25
7
39
_
95
_
4
.
Dominica ^
10
1
85
1 886
11
3
9
-
7
124
Dominican Republic'
Grenada
_
4
_
Haiti
2
-
176
4
50
16
33
-
Jamaica
99
130
1,483
7
214
-
60
-
Netherland Antilles
2
4
1
1
1
2
8
288
2
7
83
3
2
3
6
26
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
Trinidad cS: Tobago
_
2
52
4
499
19
57
;
1
191
Other Caribbean
Central America ... .
.
Belize
-
-
-
3
_
12
_
Costa Rica
6
4
9
2
14
172
107
2
2
3
11
25
8
-
42
31
28
El Salvador
_
Honduras
4
2
124
5
2
.
22
-
Nicaragua
2
-
59
5
7
-
23
-
Panama
27
-
23
2
1
_
33
_
Other North America
458
61
2,197
75
437
7
776
Argentina
110
29
400
15
2
2
124
-
6
-
11
-
21
_
9
_
Brazil
130
11
483
13
122
1
199
_
Chile
19
3
77
15
2
2
49
_
Colombia
64
2
601
4
55
1
182
_
Ecuador
2
-
19
7
83
-
30
-
ouyana
2
1
6
-
47
-
18
_
Paraguay
-
-
-
1
-
-
4
_
Peru
25
5
71
4
87
_
63
_
Suriname
.
-
.
-
_
.
8
_
Uruguay
4
2
12
4
6
-
4
_
Venezuela
96
8
517
12
12
I
86
-
Iiknown '
121
23
282
12
36
6
83
-
Includes People's Republic of China and Taiwan. The number of nonimmigrant visas issued in fiscal year 1996 for People's Republic of China were: 9 HlAs,
21 HlBs. no H2As, 588 H2Bs, 92 H3s. 4,438 Jls. 4.256 Lis. 52 Ols, 14 02, 316 Pis, 4 P2s. 284 P3s. 124 Qls, and 20 Rls. The number of nonimmigrant visas
led in fiscal year 1996 for Taiwan were: no HlAs, 1,120 H IBs, no H2As. 2 H2Bs, 7 H3s, 1,007 Jls, 308 Lis, 9 Ols. 23 02s, 2 Pis, no P2s, 155 P3s, no Qls, and
Rls. (SOURCE: U.S. Department of State. Bureau of Consular Affairs, Visa Office.) ' Due to misreporting, reliable counts by counUy of citizenship are not
lilable; therefore, data were given the same disuibution as for country of last residence (see page 10). The number of nonimmigrant visas issued in fiscal year 1996
Dominica was 1.761; the Dominican Republic, 72.054. (SOURCE: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Visa Office.) ' Due to processing
iprs, the number of unknown is significantly higher than in previous Yearbooks.
ROTE: See Glossary for detailed descriptions of classes of admission. - Represents zero.
j 125
TABLE 41. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED PORT OF ENTRY AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996
Region and country
of citizenship
All ports
Agana
Atlanta
Boston
Chicago
Detroit
Honolulu
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia, former ..
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Unknown republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Croatia
Other republics
Unknown republic
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
China'
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Other Asia
See footnotes at end of table.
24,842,503
10,419,084
207,845
222,754
11,923
63,947
31,613
18,083
14,251
142,800
90,570
1,083,235
2,034,764
70,667
48,952
22,336
229,029
655,824
15,353
526,656
130,485
74,458
75,219
23,614
198,941
145,536
26,610
24,683
2,112
373,355
274,309
395,907
3,375,682
38,244
15,069
7,337
15,838
32,215
7,685,185
15,546
721.778
154,786
234,609
87,643
20,468
261,164
4,521,163
22,120
849,593
20,999
18,238
95,789
49,892
204,998
55,829
101,903
9,802
104,809
64,351
15,734
53,971
1,227,442
8,085
174
58
44
32
4
16
12
121
59
630
820
62
9
2
75
249
2
191
78
8
276
8
104
93
6
4
1
93
194
315
4,430
45
40
5
6
1,189,605
46
20,491
4,537
311
797
5
40
982,316
1
169,332
239
22
10,507
9
531
44
200
14
1
154
582,135
433,938
12,248
15,871
590
3,948
2,056
1,303
589
3,756
2,879
29,286
128,245
2,209
4,384
62
15,272
8,519
405
19,751
4,382
2,103
890
1,176
7,014
4,662
1,160
1,141
51
15,621
7,166
26,790
118,012
2,137
1,024
495
618
1,222
68,814
166
1,907
307
9,076
436
743
2,157
37.368
430
8,181
312
321
359
748
386
560
235
148
334
3,178
225
1,237
422397
368,637
5,435
8,398
272
1,218
548
445
225
3,649
1,997
28,020
72,793
5,241
942
1,649
30,666
21,511
547
15,515
2,978
1,253
6,879
391
1,739
1,040
255
413
31
5,511
7,604
17,361
124.979
1,181
458
323
400
908
32,090
304
761
364
7,513
715
502
3,868
3,266
693
1,588
1,018
1,199
800
1,129
532
1.665
539
245
670
2.261
743
1.715
1,113,145
735,714
11,783
30,977
888
4,355
2,062
1,286
1,007
13,101
5,205
69,998
166,498
3,563
1,775
98
11,134
42,965
932
22,156
8,482
20,444
1,351
3,446
15,343
9,790
3,812
1,643
98
5,975
50.765
33,041
203,824
4,171
1,251
612
2,308
3.444
263,352
522
19.987
4,481
18,515
1,925
1,302
5,888
148,464
3,972
24,842
4,263
1,208
1,822
3,077
6,555
1,469
2.722
533
4.317
2,727
1,486
3,275
457,104
229,617
4,608
3,281
86
1,506
831
377
298
2,247
1,116
30,736
88,181
1,477
947
29
1,334
7,186
372
22,164
1,842
1,724
422
452
1,450
616
391
404
39
1,461
4,806
3,324
46,508
1,608
373
468
767
750
197,035
305
22,083
3,598
6,289
2,804
892
966
86,585
1,102
38,523
330
1,235
1,492
1,055
16,923
635
1,937
395
5,641
774
566
2.905
1,879,942
63,152
979
276
30
128
92
25
11
884
230
9,402
16,065
57
55
20
731
1,871
72
1,665
474
108
803
16
198
176
9
11
2
241
1,191
2,276
25,220
92
64
11
17
68
1,720,278
87
60,833
17,097
935
11,373
72
327
1,481,314
15
112.288
54
14
6.721
93
6.995
98
14,042
158
6,884
79
35
764
126
TABLE 41. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED PORT OF ENTRY AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Africa «...
Egypt
Ghana
Kenya
Morocco
Nigeria
South Africa
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
Pacific Island Trust Territory
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean ..„
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cayman Islands
Dominica'
Dominican Republic '
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
Trinidad & Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America .„
Argentina
Bolivia
BrazU
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Unknown '
All ports
Agana
Atlanta
Boston
Chicago
Detroit
Honolulu
Houston
284356
39.617
10,948
11,033
16,430
25,362
94,289
86,677
667391
458,120
165,698
29,365
14,208
2,989,799
97,129
1,298,885
1,062,790
20,199
296,088
49,348
26,373
12,858
191,963
61,397
222,960
12,173
13,856
94,206
61,369
530,775
21,177
1 19,053
90,753
131,028
61,185
37,188
70,391
220
2,616,158
427,995
27,341
882,957
171,905
273,399
105,706
20,594
20,051
166,050
53,022
460,464
6,674
180,530
75
9
5
2
1
2
30
26
24,791
3,405
731
19,727
928
209
37
78
53
5
6
1
1
5
16
13
6
41
2
1
9
4
4
3
18
279
15
12
150
19
28
5
1
1
33
I
14
4,398
8,205
896
262
784
181
1.498
1,763
2.821
2,243
1,821
399
1
22
40,518
1.546
26.411
11,520
7
6.218
48
223
7
46
33
3,936
12
12
129
849
1,039
10
647
49
90
75
29
139
2
23,663
758
40
20,126
609
365
87
47
91
185
1.002
340
13
4,754
7,589
1,116
248
710
203
873
1,869
2,570
4,146
3,299
831
1
15
3,818
1,932
767
858
3
70
31
12
9
110
121
91
13
8
73
317
247
27
46
35
33
37
12
57
14
2,407
408
34
709
370
266
90
17
5
100
31
370
7
3,710
11,575
1,638
422
796
306
1,372
3,178
3,863
10,172
7,453
2,669
I
49
72,290
4,474
63,612
2307
8
235
63
10
17
167
750
764
13
22
129
129
1,892
53
590
185
634
107
67
256
5
8,796
1,683
196
1,958
1,689
905
307
26
51
895
326
750
10
11,246
5,413
702
329
503
148
1,105
1,083
1,543
2,542
1,827
668
20
27
17,199
8,917
7,209
702
6
90
82
18
18
31
43
163
4
6
170
71
365
36
64
96
62
55
30
22
6
1,758
231
59
526
229
161
47
25
12
141
24
287
16
3,540
485
27
15
21
12
18
308
84
86,644
50,636
23,197
8,643
4.168
2,182
572
1,104
209
4
10
25
4
4
18
2
20
2
48
72
296
10
53
41
98
26
13
55
1
2,185
365
29
892
270
227
56
5
30
186
35
87
3
5.016
5,217
814
157
211
126
1,690
857
1.362
2,444
1.879
542
3
20
225,602
1.516
162.714
920
1
46
7
312
1
85
18
90
1
1
75
283
60,451
5.187
9,068
12,321
14,182
9.669
3,099
6.925
1
18,990
898
148
819
639
11,275
3,819
7
54
497
127
698
9
4,632
See footnotes at end of table.
127
TABLE 41. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED PORT OF ENTRY AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Los Angeles
Miami
Newark
New York
Orlando
San
Francisco
Washington,
DC
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia, former ..
Czech RepubHc
Slovak Republic
Unknown republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Croatia
Other republics
Unknown republic
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
China '
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
PhiHppines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Other Asia
See footnotes at end of table.
128
2,860,784
824,577
19,594
12,739
572
3,754
2,110
939
705
12,477
3,511
98,084
189,692
2,602
3,193
177
10,342
47,963
1,418
42,785
6,516
2,575
2,505
1,201
14,529
9,793
1,164
3,317
255
9,458
15,655
42,561
276,584
2,664
1,013
315
1,336
1,426
1308,964
1,209
238,512
30,201
16,463
33,274
4,527
13,588
595,093
1,253
163,666
1,081
1,909
46,363
2,232
64,097
3,022
36,725
1,573
40,799
3,881
1,547
7,949
3,905,505
1,099,906
29,457
15,562
437
4,115
2,222
1,023
870
11,863
15,721
124,121
213,679
4,870
2,950
404
12,115
127,244
1,030
80,396
9,617
2,680
11,358
1,145
8,564
7,238
560
642
124
94,087
20,536
44,994
257,516
2,868
1,490
301
1,077
2,577
124,962
435
8,681
1.905
11,146
1,366
550
17,663
55.673
623
6.771
859
1,251
918
1.545
6,195
1,449
640
386
679
3.926
339
1,962
770306
604,845
5,320
5,669
484
9,820
3,421
3,116
3,283
21,444
4,709
77,621
84,512
1,174
979
146
5,999
57,762
231
9,761
39,521
8,558
10,973
399
3,361
1,725
1.159
381
96
33,254
56,951
9,767
151,531
2,363
1,132
461
770
2,536
91,891
485
16,034
566
9,172
687
649
27,677
20,369
392
3,133
196
1,020
1,100
1,785
1,967
768
881
447
1,776
1,009
697
1,081
3,838,619
2,154,413
55,742
59,897
5,743
18,444
10,190
4,859
3,395
28,400
32,588
220,031
388,500
33,592
22,158
5,528
78,048
213,102
4.085
88.883
12.238
22.256
25.403
10.710
86,161
62.148
13.157
10.326
530
135.652
36,040
90.743
458.803
10.618
3.465
2.468
4.685
11.048
821,892
8.939
48.255
8.890
83.626
7.539
3,123
152,488
244.848
8,870
104,672
7,369
4,789
7.776
27.628
14.033
23,024
8,347
2,477
6,701
31,257
1,731
15.510
1,034,994
864325
4.370
9.238
54
339
179
115
45
2.033
704
4.592
60.932
867
822
4.171
14.898
3.875
1,603
24.337
2.965
698
725
137
1.033
864
49
104
16
2.673
4.226
5,138
712,150
255
65
19
171
1,490
24,157
46
316
502
1,715
203
117
4,470
4,317
193
249
983
168
566
282
435
6,097
244
103
131
1,350
444
1,226
1,294,444
466,626
11,886
9,678
297
2,285
1,452
403
430
5.873
5.510
70.156
105.592
1.149
1,018
83
9.275
12.840
990
22.332
3,929
921
2,276
437
11,028
9.506
664
720
138
5.311
9,041
17,277
155,517
1,033
480
112
441
892
702,586
298
170,953
44,201
16,883
13,393
1.409
4.098
242.466
458
102.969
371
449
14.907
932
45.546
731
22.638
423
14.294
1.290
407
3.470
641,980
453310
8.987
21.893
674
2.427
1,115
1,004
308
3,452
1,970
58,123
94.463
2,300
1,940
42
3,930
28,704
488
46,338
2,230
1,791
1,084
962
15,865
11,387
1,523
2,770
185
9,629
5,274
31,582
105,803
2,117
978
484
655
1,242
103,920
770
3,705
355
12,180
945
1,683
2.003
39.478
1.149
12.216
1.397
1.366
716
2,191
1.309
9.220
417
795
2,590
3,277
2,582
3,576
TABLE 41. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED PORT OF ENTRY AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Los Angeles
Miami
Newark
New York
Orlando
San
Francisco
Washington,
DC
Other'
Africa — ,
Egypt
Ghana
Kenya
Morocco
Nigeria
South Africa
Other Africa
Oceania .„ .........~.~.
Australia
New Zealand
Pacific Island Trust Territory
Other Oceania
North America ..„.„,«.„.„,„.„.<
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean .„....».„.. .„..
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas. The
Barbados
Cayman Islands
E)ominica ■
Dominican Republic '
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
Trinidad & Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America » „.„..,.,
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Bohvia
BrazU
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Unknown '
12,803
3.021
289
548
424
956
4,479
3.086
339,103
228.530
103,791
42
6,740
256,507
2,918
191,474
1,664
14
141
128
21
42
204
57
375
31
36
275
340
60,446
1.988
9.794
21.192
22.732
1.775
1.468
1.497
5
101,610
15.111
542
50,420
8,848
8,010
1,683
59
639
13,805
1,229
1,188
76
17,220
34,686
896
268
505
766
943
27,162
4,146
14,691
11,306
3,177
22
186
949,464
3,571
141.632
503,854
2,148
148,136
17,791
20,477
4,003
69,495
38,826
125,702
471
2,063
49,234
25,508
300,401
10,314
68,269
37,712
62,706
40,718
29,049
51,633
6
1,647,989
283,953
22,532
429,050
124,012
199,360
77,659
5,759
14,802
121,366
32,241
332,115
5,140
33,807
10,156
828
352
621
299
1,016
2,936
4,104
5,958
4,374
1,549
15
20
33,195
1,466
16,999
13,561
172
1,051
59
12
347
7,373
136
3,689
24
10
149
539
1,151
57
155
220
372
119
56
172
18
18,707
1,163
90
2,335
656
7,507
1,230
143
27
4,514
283
732
27
5,554
121.678
22,423
6,269
2,461
10,959
9,223
31,820
38,523
31,684
25,309
6,078
17
280
257,559
5,700
61,222
174,876
1,869
1.280
13,119
85
2,299
53,577
13,154
48,916
213
1,562
34,207
4,595
15,736
200
4,758
4,827
2,866
1,380
264
1,441
25
429,097
77,766
814
196,558
13,160
21,351
12,879
10,605
1,779
4,881
11,407
77,385
512
22.296
3,921
477
34
192
111
257
2,199
651
1,862
1,448
399
15
53,413
483
24,692
13,971
9
9,824
38
1,102
2
48
51
2,600
5
11
93
188
14,259
24
8,041
33
6,053
37
30
41
84,407
2,807
18
80,143
299
192
86
66
21
75
61
609
30
2,909
4,404
459
75
237
156
378
1,565
1,534
51,785
48,109
3,361
13
302
51,067
2,616
41,577
503
5
38
31
13
12
68
35
118
11
2
93
77
6370
170
1,170
3,010
984
263
360
413
1
8,066
1,112
91
2,942
1,518
490
240
27
65
752
195
584
50
9,910
20,260
2,167
1,042
1,044
501
2,434
1.955
11,117
11^58
8,237
2,963
1
57
2338
1.701
13,929
935
9
369
42
8
3
43
77
121
7
8
100
148
6,739
17
1,536
3,304
1,497
165
106
114
4
24,253
3,010
160
14,721
1,852
440
123
60
55
1,030
1,719
1.051
32
5,671
37,889
4,144
1,181
2,398
2,237
3,597
13,085
11,247
78,068
60,487
15,343
859
1,379
1,003,468
59.680
545.465
336,857
15,939
128.574
17,884
4,075
6,093
60,693
8,094
36,359
11,366
10,115
9,418
28,247
61,342
3,082
14,861
7,719
18,715
6,755
2,602
7,608
124
243,951
38,715
2,576
81,608
17,735
22,822
7,395
3,747
2,419
17,590
4,341
44,254
749
45,867
Includes People's Republic of China and Taiwan. A total of 609,234 nonimmigrani visas were issued in these two countries in fiscal year 1996; 379,355 to
Taiwan and 229,879 to People's Republic of China. (SOURCE: U.S. Department of Stale. Bureau of Consular Affairs. Visa Office.) ' Due to misreporting. reliable
counts by country of citizenship are not available; therefore, data were given the same distribution as for country of last residence (see page 10). The number of
nonimmigrant visas issued in fiscal year 1996 for Dominica was 1.761; the Dominican Republic. 72,054. (SOURCE: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular
Affairs, Visa Office.) ' Includes unknown port of entry. ' Due to processing errors, the number of unknown is significantly higher than in previous yearAoofcs.
NOTE: Includes admissions under the Visa Waiver Pilot program. See Nonimmigrant section of text. Excludes the following classes of admission processed in the
Nonimmigrant Information System: for all countries — 133,504 parolees; 17,653 withdrawals and stowaways; and 66,966 refugees. - Represents zero.
129
TABLE 42. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY AGE AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996
Region and country
of citizenship
All
ages
Under 15
years
15- 19
years
20-24
years
25-34
years
35-44
years
45-64
years
65 years
and over
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia, former
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Unknown republic
Denmark
Fmland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Croatia
Other republics
Unknown republic
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
China'
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
J^an
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
24,842^03
10,419,084
207,845
222,754
11,923
63,947
31,613
18,083
14,251
142,800
90,570
1,083,235
2,034,764
70,667
48,952
22,336
229,029
655,824
15,353
526,656
130,485
74,458
75,219
23,614
198,941
145,536
26,610
24,683
2,112
373,355
274,309
395,907
3,375,682
38,244
15,069
7,337
15,838
32,215
7,685,185
15,546
721.778
9.776
154,786
234,609
87,643
20,468
261,164
4,521,163
22,120
849.593
20.999
18.238
95.789
49,892
204,998
55,829
101,903
9,802
8,512
104.809
64.351
2,030,058
796,886
12.386
14.099
616
2.743
1.291
785
667
8.792
5,811
80,079
118,341
3,446
2,634
2,388
18,123
28,672
1.291
28.279
8.035
4.454
4.470
1.002
14.773
11.269
1.317
2,033
154
20,728
17,561
25,387
368,585
1,899
625
415
859
2,292
545322
1,892
48,782
613
10.786
15.790
6.667
1.957
23.880
282.422
2,150
71,021
4,420
1,148
8.751
6.533
15.936
12.917
11,197
797
724
6,720
3,090
1,160,818
502383
10.275
11.220
714
5,040
2,209
1,804
1,027
7,231
4,957
82,112
100,250
2,541
3,032
1,184
10,480
21,670
851
16.806
6.514
4.987
3,292
907
14,630
10,541
1,633
2,348
108
22,647
13,891
15,770
136,478
3,202
1,141
739
1,322
1,702
275^38
858
19,335
475
6,280
6.319
7,174
652
12.664
160,998
1,261
22,469
1,803
599
3,605
2.921
7,235
3.317
3.543
261
355
5.771
3.715
2,160,845
729,563
19.746
16.739
1.350
10.430
5.406
2.745
2.279
14,398
5,673
80,633
133,574
5,278
5.877
2,078
26,496
48,642
937
33,033
11,676
7,674
5,076
1,712
14,824
10,245
2.134
2.307
138
30,333
25,650
36,090
183,505
4,318
1,941
820
1,557
3,821
950,870
1,535
40,093
1,934
14,146
23,604
10,652
862
24,645
695,192
2,036
60,928
2.999
1.406
12.057
4.573
12,430
5,760
7,902
872
581
11,271
7,803
6323,820
2337,236
54,871
54.899
2,729
14,752
7,505
4,053
3,194
34.189
20.476
246.437
541.372
16.368
11.231
4.368
61.167
216.992
3,773
142,493
28,496
13,842
16,856
5,704
42,510
31.234
5,910
4.957
409
107.985
61.361
105.839
711.369
8.746
3.910
1.599
3.237
8.411
2,225,957
3,782
199.772
2.622
45.171
74.140
20.022
4,124
46,892
1,382,358
5,581
231,318
5,024
5.117
25.890
11.734
53.492
14,607
31,435
2,488
2,023
26,176
18,978
5,011333
2,119,763
41,634
50,272
2,719
12,534
5,998
3,943
2,593
27,090
21,530
218,744
396,443
14,144
10,042
4,679
41,279
132,457
3,322
112,235
27,244
14,836
17,426
5,064
49,895
36.768
6,547
6.078
502
79.054
52.076
73.872
696.529
7.703
3.173
1.501
3.029
6.940
1398,087
3.313
168.401
1.457
34.905
39.103
17.257
3.821
52.214
693.105
4,060
200,147
3,804
3.247
23.141
9.797
52.600
11.838
26,544
2,085
1,523
23,298
12,500
6,675,643
3,095,889
58,686
63,790
3,146
15,735
7.793
4.200
3.742
44.058
28.268
307.263
630.301
22.024
13.438
6.270
58.291
175,143
4,339
162,769
41,554
21,876
22,602
7,014
55,935
41,100
7,974
6,185
676
95,971
90.303
114.924
1,034,325
10,237
3,736
1,882
4,619
7,627
1,913,201
3,710
197.644
2,233
34,109
61.073
22.913
6.152
81.152
1.104.515
6.031
221.024
2,655
5,164
20,026
12,449
50,360
6,550
18,849
2,650
2,572
28,298
15,002
1386,247
637355
10.247
11.735
649
2.713
1.411
553
749
7.042
3,855
67,967
114,482
6,865
2,698
1,369
13,190
32,248
840
31,040
6,966
6,788
5,497
2,211
6.374
4.379
1.095
775
125
16,637
13,465
24,025
244,891
2,139
543
381
1,215
1.422
376,201
455
47,750
442
9.389
14.580
2.958
2.900
19.717
202.569
1.001
42.685
294
1,557
2,319
1,885
12,945
839
2,433
649
734
3,275
3,263
See footnotes at end of table.
130
TABLE 42. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY AGE AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
All
ages
Under 15
years
15- 19
years
20-24
years
25-34
years
35-44
years
45-64
years
65 years
and over
Unknown '
United Arab Emirates
Other Asia
Africa
Egypt
Ghana
Kenya
Morocco
Nigeria
South Africa
Other Africa .
Oceania ......_.... „....-
Australia
New Zealand
Pacific Island Trust Territory
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas. The
Barbados
Cayman Islands
Dominica '
Dominican Republic ' ...
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kjtts & Nevis
St. Lucia
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands
Other Caribbean
Central America ...........
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America .
Unknown '
15,734
35,683
284356
39,617
10,948
11,033
16,430
25,362
94,289
86,677
667391
458,120
165,698
29,365
14,208
2,989,799
97,129
1,298,885
1,062,790
20,199
296,088
49,348
26,373
12,858
191,963
61,397
222,960
12,173
13,856
94,206
8,770
52,599
530,775
21,177
119,053
90,753
131,028
61,185
37,188
70,391
220
2,616,158
427,995
27,341
882,957
171,905
273,399
105,706
20,594
20,051
166,050
53,022
460,464
6,674
180,530
2,792
4,337
24,774
3,678
662
935
1,254
2,512
9,380
6.353
57^31
38,813
14,036
3,402
1,280
311,835
8,581
130,878
115,790
1,830
37,395
5,650
3,898
1,327
19,057
4,616
23,851
1,010
1,130
10,514
1,080
4,432
56,561
2,850
13,313
8,096
17,298
5,407
2,784
6,813
25
287,241
44,107
2,754
98,316
19,510
33,773
13,563
1,669
2.140
13,991
4.277
52,496
645
6,469
1,771
2,157
12,688
1,633
492
705
946
898
4,126
3,888
27,893
19,216
5,733
2,387
557
150,176
4,343
61,280
54,250
899
15,980
2,263
1,659
640
10,361
2,078
11,431
567
555
4,807
649
2,361
30,254
1,237
8,046
4,091
7,838
2,819
1,722
4,501
49
188,282
28,367
2,127
88,313
8,576
16,679
7,465
821
1,912
7,474
2,720
23,527
301
3,858
3,257
4,332
23,021
3,114
727
2,060
1,874
930
6,697
7,619
55,732
38.438
12,928
3,241
1,125
224,974
10,165
100,764
75,808
1,531
26,410
2,938
2,503
943
13,847
2,397
12,516
1,027
1,208
5,309
1,013
4,166
38,226
2,101
8,482
6,016
9,965
4,453
2,194
5,015
11
170,753
29,042
1,725
55,620
9,953
15,367
8,102
963
1,599
12,036
3,068
32,946
332
5,932
4,145
9,066
68,009
8,605
2,494
2,517
4,613
6,311
21,317
22,152
151331
102,871
37,875
7,338
3,247
753,583
32,662
336,292
267368
5,575
82,608
11,297
6,291
3,264
48,008
11,651
56,799
3,288
4,333
18,971
2,517
12,766
117,213
5,490
27,861
20,254
27,272
14,505
6,853
14,978
48
570,483
88,534
5,590
183,965
36,361
62,266
21,220
4,409
4,650
39,908
11,162
111,115
1,303
17,221
2,118
7,809
71313
8,607
3,466
2,177
3,222
7,276
22,305
24,460
136,169
92,925
34,078
5,903
3,263
683398
22,932
280,705
258351
5,225
64,245
12,836
5,457
3,153
45,547
17,882
60,571
3,651
3,557
21,970
1,919
12338
121365
4,449
27,723
21,700
28,367
15,682
9,466
14,178
45
586,229
88,111
6,526
200,606
41,172
65,890
22,684
6,159
4,201
36,462
11.354
101,412
1,652
15,974
1,421
6,649
72,687
11,753
2,875
2,387
3,926
6,603
25,077
20,066
196,968
136,776
50,018
6,199
3,975
700301
17,267
310,197
240346
4,464
60,186
12,260
5,584
2,930
44,926
17,301
46,664
2,273
2,716
26,302
1,372
13,368
132,953
4,092
27,440
24,638
31,287
15,473
10,726
19,297
38
668,113
122,692
6,995
214,593
47,492
64,104
26,150
5,475
4,654
44,057
15,899
113,921
2,081
27,984
230
1,332
11,662
2.227
231
252
595
832
5,387
2,138
41,767
29,081
11,030
895
761
164,801
1,179
78,741
50,874
675
9,262
2,104
981
601
10,217
5,472
11,128
356
357
6333
220
3,168
34,003
958
6,188
5,958
9.001
2,846
3,443
5,609
4
145,051
27,141
1,624
41,541
8,840
15,319
6,522
1,098
895
12,122
4,542
25,047
360
31
28
3
9,410 93,682
' hicludes People's Repubhc of China and Taiwan. A total of 609,234 nonimmigrant visas were issued in these two countries in fiscal year 1996: 379,355 to
Taiwan and 229,879 to People's Republic of China. (SOURCE: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Visa Office.) ' Due to misreporting, reliable
counts by country of citizenship are not available; therefore, data were given the same disuibution as for country of last residence (see page 10). The number of
nonimmigrant visas issued in fiscal year 1996 for Dominica was 1,761; the Dominican Republic, 72,054. (SOURCE: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular
Affairs, Visa Office.) ' Due to processing errors, the number of unknown is significantly higher than in previous Yearbooks.
NOTE: Includes admissions under the Visa Waiver Pilot program. See Nonimmigrant section of text. Excludes the following classes of admission processed in the
Nonimmigrant Information System; for all countries — 133,504 parolees; 17,653 withdrawals and stowaways; and 66,966 refugees.
131
TABLE 43. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND STATE OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1996
State of intended
residence
All
classes '
Foreign
govern-
ment
officials '
Temporary
visitors
for
business ^
Temporary
visitors
for
pleasure '
Transit
aliens'
Treaty
traders
and
investors '
Students
Spouses
Tempo-
and
rary
children
workers
of
and
students
trainees '
Total
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiema
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Guam
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Unknown '
See foowotes at end of table.
24,842,503
41,026
51,710
155,024
17,228
3,303,659
224,398
139,196
20,319
253,400
4,472,099
331,424
1,689,768
12.766
489,661
74,851
31,351
34,293
40,646
143,485
26,825
173,129
467,589
213,388
101,708
13,662
66,340
13,918
16,286
321,937
34,386
407,447
31,596
2,682,395
130,631
6,886
167,993
40,354
74,404
237,097
26,796
63,286
6,531
76,551
705,420
61.081
31.654
202.181
240.233
10.125
77,765
8,907
856,001
162,975
13,590
5.545.132
118,157
919
210
738
124
9,328
511
322
101
19,353
9.166
2.619
2,655
21
2,031
137
53
437
269
730
71
5,731
1,586
533
158
291
1,365
18
25
656
48
1,038
336
12,956
461
117
720
303
112
830
398
160
3
122
7,572
337
22
7,750
1,200
16
121
22
653
949
12
21,741
3,770326
11,369
4,269
36,076
4.460
534.033
43.620
28.612
7.888
76.195
438.139
105,859
37,852
2,363
160,765
22,948
8.030
8.942
13.225
34.422
3.320
30,627
99,924
72,551
31,406
3.086
20.627
1.370
3,780
57,189
7,841
83,536
6,467
390,631
43,827
1,009
56,439
9,860
15,724
68,583
4,977
16,825
821
22.570
206.679
10.641
2.920
41.209
53.599
2.236
21.981
633
8.416
37.347
2,965
749,643
19,110,004
19,792
43,860
102,471
8,040
2.528,427
161,980
82,161
8.683
121.708
3,885.733
187.202
1.632,564
7,562
274,970
33,457
14,204
16,410
16,763
93,135
19.025
95,848
293,441
95,020
54,185
6,848
30.934
10.540
8.405
259.605
20,759
266,734
20,403
2.074,01 1
58.910
4,440
76,205
19,449
43.299
124,685
16.316
36.438
4,402
40,382
397,608
42,563
24,966
109,487
150.111
4.909
41,471
7.153
836.555
115.935
9.757
4,450.083
325,538
657
879
72
9
10,683
100
338
158
386
40,534
747
3,952
3
392
34
11
14
22
5.623
289
735
781
530
32
317
34
25
4
76
24
1,542
6
7,774
246
20
120
41
668
1.734
144
282
3
27
8.610
17
9
769
4,274
1
44
1
2,354
3,364
286
225,741
138,568
1.391
623
882
175
24,060
594
3,091
398
420
12,369
4.031
2.046
81
5,552
1,604
209
210
1,982
408
62
1,251
1,856
4,785
371
73
766
45
76
257
206
9.706
116
19.078
3,034
45
4.318
189
1.204
1,919
174
1,655
38
1.814
7.860
240
181
2.638
2,931
126
447
23
2,105
391
84
8,378
426,903
3.011
382
5,755
1,950
75,548
6,707
6,177
942
4,998
25,469
7,121
6,331
1.077
13,190
6,751
4,319
4,288
2,235
4.058
1.040
5,828
30,864
10,416
5,221
1,426
5,627
689
2,012
1,261
2.150
8,063
1,192
38,989
4,776
370
11,231
6,497
6,172
13.802
2.745
2,351
703
3.914
20,609
3,922
1,475
8,649
13,447
1.576
5.529
313
216
467
151
22.901
32,485
257
28
529
142
3.751
877
334
73
291
1,682
577
272
46
1,483
702
405
336
242
371
39
503
1,720
1,399
387
188
462
45
189
71
136
813
195
2.588
507
35
1.254
544
516
1.344
115
190
79
338
1.898
378
26
1,108
530
125
477
40
10
34
5
1.799
227,440
604
329
1,943
914
33,170
2,551
3,462
409
1,482
20,477
4,942
1,092
584
8,354
1,443
551
612
2,013
976
599
3,369
8,004
5,340
1,725
299
1,268
199
385
965
574
9,723
462
39,868
7,340
100
2,779
880
1,152
4.726
394
844
70
1.661
12,939
906
286
6,315
3.543
147
1,070
185
2,977
2,041
167
18,230
132
TABLE 43. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND STATE OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1996— Continued
State of intended
residence
Total
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Guam
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Unknown '
International
represen-
tatives '
79^28
62
4
31
2
644
63
335
4
15,821
994
114
89
2
109
16
5
6
8
29
9
15,382
282
60
28
1
68
2
5
28
16
1,281
21
24,516
25
8
46
4
13
93
13
14
7
26
392
13
2
10,401
144
1
20
3
23
63
7
8,173
Represen-
tatives of
foreign
information
media'
33^96
58
87
261
16
3,693
125
231
10
2,236
2,364
6,133
643
28
447
55
43
26
66
116
32
687
492
233
82
14
31
23
11
416
23
421
59
6,615
140
15
89
30
83
151
37
303
14
95
365
87
14
566
259
5
67
20
171
121
4
5,183
Exchange
visitors
215,475
1,248
534
2,127
928
22,261
3,560
5,184
792
8,933
6,061
3,748
732
678
8,156
3,578
2,332
1,496
1,442
1,643
1,767
7,018
15,302
5,984
4,150
607
2.701
627
821
419
1,590
6,260
968
26,118
4,102
414
6,027
1,285
2,655
9,960
897
1,514
264
2,514
8,691
875
1,123
4,610
3,353
521
3,591
344
9
272
29
12,660
Spouses
and
children of
exchange
visitors
41,250
259
20
455
85
5,868
663
706
137
455
1,091
629
165
46
1,723
688
327
219
251
364
31
2,243
3,669
1,218
716
98
600
56
184
58
78
1,145
221
3,733
880
42
1,264
169
513
1,962
147
241
23
554
2,391
205
79
933
800
73
511
34
4
30
1
2,193
Fian-
ces(ees)
of U.S.
citizens '
10,023
51
56
161
32
1,898
144
132
25
41
569
184
212
29
399
99
72
66
39
60
38
210
313
332
190
19
97
43
33
77
35
341
60
646
161
18
230
62
160
229
46
66
7
84
657
79
31
309
377
13
119
10
80
23
8
551
Intra-
company
transferees
140,457
376
142
1,119
68
23,027
959
3,955
337
355
13,647
3,555
514
71
5,519
1,416
260
465
1,061
501
91
1,239
3,841
6,720
1,306
44
704
76
73
239
302
7,658
98
18,616
2,826
73
3,291
308
818
3,023
127
1,151
20
1,012
12,028
231
186
2,076
2,019
122
983
31
1,614
1,084
58
9,022
Spouses
and
children of
intra-
company
transferees
73305
255
101
819
66
12,363
562
2,451
189
107
5,852
1,808
345
46
2,970
909
150
269
598
374
41
727
1,932
4,104
685
25
312
12
30
115
169
4,602
81
7,912
1,678
7
2,115
203
545
1,637
71
768
8
641
6,879
131
115
1,191
1,015
100
566
13
611
569
23
3,438
NATO
officials '
10,945
335
17
166
12
681
151
21
12
328
664
169
67
2
106
14
9
89
54
22
7
232
159
48
14
44
52
2
7
106
11
116
574
352
98
6
132
123
10
150
41
12
1
10
1,866
64
1
2,339
122
1
5
2
7
37
11
1,264
North
American
Free -Trade
Agreement
workers '
34,681
152
141
826
73
4,566
579
473
68
137
2,763
711
107
80
1,086
321
135
195
147
371
309
457
1,566
2,036
427
165
212
116
103
280
242
984
210
2,461
822
126
690
131
382
761
74
213
36
258
4,250
197
170
665
1,400
56
309
48
14
10
1,570
Unknown
250
1
1
128
19
4
I
20
3
1
12
1
1
21
14
' Excludes the following classes of admission processed in the Nonimmigrant Information System: for all countries — 133.504 parolees; 17,653 withdrawals and
stowaways; and 66.966 refugees. ' Includes admissions under the Visa Waiver Pilot program. See Nonimmigrant section of text. ' Includes spouses and unmarried
minor (or dependent) children. ' Includes foreign government officials and their spouses and unmarried minor (or dependent) children in transit. ' Excludes workers
(and their spouses and children) under the North American Free-Trade Agreement (shown separately). ' Includes minor children of fiances(ees). ' Due to
processing errors, the number of unknown is significantly higher than in previous Yearbooks.
NOTE: See Glossary for detailed descriptions of classes of admission. - Represents zero.
133
V. NATURALIZATIONS
This section presents information on tlie number and ctiaracteristics of persons wfio
naturalize in ttie United States, including naturalization rates for immigrants
granted legal permanent residence in 1977 and 1982.
AT aturalization refers to the conferring of U.S.
1 ▼ citizenship, by any means, upon a person after
birth. (See Appendix 3, p. A.3-7.) There are five ways of
becoming a U.S. citizen: naturalization in a court
ceremony; naturalization through an administrative
hearing; derivation through the naturalization of parents;
acquisition at birth abroad to citizen parents; and
legislation conferring citizenship upon certain groups of
persons (see Limitations of Data). As part of the
naturalization process, applicants pledge an oath of
allegiance to the United States, thereby renouncing
allegiance to their former countries of nationality.
U.S. Naturalization Program
To naturalize, an immigrant must fulfill certain requirements
set forth in the Immigration and Nationality Act concerning
age, lawful admission, and residence in the United States.
These general naturalization provisions specify that an alien
must: be at least 18 years of age; have been lawfully
admitted to the United States for permanent residence; and
have resided in the country continuously for at least 5 years.
Additional requirements include the ability to speak, read,
and write the English language; knowledge of the U.S.
government and U.S. history; and good moral character. In
1997, immigrants naturalizing under the general provisions
accounted for 96 percent of those for whom the nationality
law provision was reported. (Provision of the law was not
reported for 1 1 percent of naturalizations.)
The special provisions of naturalization law exempt aliens
from one or more of the requirements of the general
provisions. Spouses and children of U.S. citizens and
military classes constitute the main categories of special
naturalization. The majority of people naturalizing as
spouses of U.S. citizens may do so in 3 years rather than
the 5 years prescribed under the general provisions. Of all
new citizens in 1997 with naturalization law provision
reported, 4 percent naturalized under the special
provisions. Children who immigrate with their parents
generally do not apply to naturalize, but derive U.S.
citizenship through the naturalization of their parents.
Children adopted by U.S. citizens are eligible for
administrative naturalization by the INS. These children
may be naturalized in court ceremonies prior to reaching
age 18 — there are no residency requirements. Under
certain conditions, aliens who served honorably during war
time and other conflicts may naturalize without prior
admission to permanent resident status. Also, they need
not have resided in the United States for a particular length
of time. Aliens with lawful permanent resident status who
have served honorably in the Armed Forces of the United
States also are entitled to certain exemptions from the
general naturalization requirements.
Every applicant for naturalization (age 18 and over) must
file an application. Form N-400 Application for
Naturalization. All aliens filing these applications who
meet the preliminary documentary requirements must be
interviewed by INS officers to determine their eligibility to
naturalize. During the interview the officer discerns the
applicant's knowledge and understanding of the English
language, as well as of the history and government of the
United States. Recently, applicants have been allowed to
take standardized tests that are used to determine
knowledge and reading and writing capabilities. Those
applicants found qualified are scheduled for an oath
ceremony before a judge or district director.
More than 598,000 people were
naturalized during 1997.
Data Overview
A total of 598,225 persons were naturalized in fiscal year
1997. This number would have been much higher were it
not for a backlog of more than one million applications
pending a decision at the end of 1997. As a consequence,
caution should be exercised in drawing conclusions from
these data about recent trends in naturalization and in the
characteristics of persons naturalizing.
Despite the backlog, the number of naturalizations in 1997
was the second highest in U.S. history, following the all-
time record of 1,044,689 in 1996. Until 1994, the annual
number of persons naturalizing had never exceeded
400,000 except during World War II in 1944 (Chart N).
134
Chart N
Persons Naturalized: Fiscal Years 1908-97
Thousands
1,200-1
1.000-
800-
600-
400-
200-
I
I
I
I
I
J
1908
1918
1928
1938
1948
1958
1968
1978
1988
1997
Source: 1987-97, Table 45; \90i-S6, pievious Yearbooks.
The increase in naturalizations during the 1990s is
attributable to a number of factors:
♦ In fiscal year 1992, the INS initiated a "Green
Card Replacement Program", which by requiring
long-term permanent residents to replace their
permanent resident alien cards with new, more
counterfeit-resistant cards, led some to naturalize
instead.
♦ In 1994, the first of the 2.68 million illegal aliens
who were granted legal permanent resident status
under the provisions of the Immigration Reform
and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 became eligible
to naturalize.
♦ During 1994-96, legislation was passed restricting
public benefits for non-citizens, including
Proposition 187 in California in 1994, and the
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
Act and the Illegal Immigration Reform and
Immigrant Responsibility Act in 1996.
♦ In 1995, the INS implemented the Citizenship
USA initiative, which was designed to streamline
the naturalization process and greatly increased
naturalizations during 1996.
Region and country of birth (Tables 47 and 53)
The number of persons naturalizing each year lags behind
the number immigrating by at least five years due to the
five-year residency requirement for naturalization for most
legal immigrants. Until the 1970s, the majority of persons
naturalizing were born in Europe because country quotas in
immigration law favored those countries. The regional
origin of persons immigrating and naturalizing shifted from
Europe to Asia following the elimination of the country
quotas in amendments to the Immigration and Nationality
Act (INA) of 1965 and the arrival of Indochinese refugees
in the 1970s. Asian immigrants also had historically higher
rates of naturalization than Europeans. Between 1976 and
1995, Asia was the leading region of birth among persons
naturalized.
Increases in legal immigration from North American
countries, especially from Mexico, following the
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, eroded
Asia's share of naturalizations. During the 1991-97 period,
the proportion of persons naturalizing who were born in
Asian countries fell to 38.7 percent, while the proportion
from North America climbed to 38.1 percent (Chart O).
North America became the leading region of birth of
persons naturalizing in 1996. In 1997, nearly one-half
135
Chart O
Persons Naturalized by Decade and Selected Region of Birth: Fiscal Years 1961-97
1961-70
South America— 2.2% 1 i Other— 1.5%
North America— 20.9%
1971-80
South America— 5.3% — ■ , — Other— 2.3%
North America — 28.1
South America —
6.5%
1981-90
Other— 3.1%
North America — 26.2%
South America —
7.8%
1991-97
Other— 3.9%
I
North America— 38.1%
Source: 1997, Table 53; 1961-96, previous Yearbooks.
(45.8 percent) of new citizens were bom in North America
compared to 32.4 percent in Asian countries and 11.3
percent in Europe.
Mexico was the leading country of birth of persons
naturalizing in 1997 with 142,569 or 23.8 percent of the
total. Other major countries of birth for naturalizing
citizens were Vietnam (36,178), the Philippines (30,898),
India (21,206), the Dominican Republic (21,092), the
People's Republic of China (20,947), and Jamaica
(20,253).
Immigration Reform and Control Act
Aliens legalized under IRCA accounted for 136,482
naturalizations, or 22.8 percent of all naturalized citizens.
in 1997. The majority of IRCA legalized aliens who
naturalized (59.1 percent) were born m Mexico. The total
number of IRCA legalized aliens who had naturalized by
the end of 1997 stood at 43 1 ,3 1 1 , or 16 percent of the total
2.68 million.
Years in immigrant status
The median number of years of residence in immigrant
status (years between immigration and naturalization) was
8 years in 1997, down from 9 years in 1996 and 1995.
Median years of immigrant residence was 7 years for
naturalizing citizens bom in Africa, 8 for Asians, 8 for
Europeans, 9 for South Americans, and 8 years for North
Americans (Table I). Median years of residence for IRCA
legalized aliens was 7 years in 1997, the same as in 1996.
136
Table I
Median Years of Residence by Year of Naturalization and Region of Birth:
Selected Fiscal Years 1965-97
Region of birth
1997
Persons naturalized
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North America ..
South America ..
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
8
10
9
10
8
9
7
8
7
7
7
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
10
10
8
8
7
9
8
8
11
13
11
9
7
9
9
9
8
9
10
7
7
For non-IRCA immigrants, the median years of residence
before naturalization decreased from 12 years in 1996 to
10 years in 1997.
Understanding the Data
Data Collection
The INS compiles two types of data on naturalizations:
workload statistics and demographic statistics on the
characteristics of persons who naturalize. Workload data
include the number of naturalization applications received,
the number of petitions filed, and the number of aliens
approved for naturalization during a fiscal year.
Demographic data come from the naturalization
application and include: date and country of birth, gender,
marital status, state and metropolitan area of residence,
occupation, date of admission for permanent residence, and
section of naturalization law. These data are obtained from
either an automated case tracking system in operation in
the larger INS offices, manually coded records from the
smaller offices, and, if not otherwise available, from the
Central Index System (CIS) of INS.
Limitations of Data
The 1997 naturalization data understate the demand to
naturalize because of the backlog of applications pending a
decision. The demographic characteristics of aliens whose
cases were in the backlog are unknown.
In addition, the number of cases with missing data was
higher in 1996 and 1997 than in previous years. This is
because the Central Index System (CIS), the source of data
for about 100,000 cases in 1996 and about 60,000 cases in
1997, does not maintain information on state and
metropolitan area of intended residence, marital status,
occupation, provision of naturalization law, country of
former allegiance, and in some instances, gender. In
1996, cases with information supplied by the CIS came
from areas where INS offices use manual coding systems,
that is primarily states and metropolitan areas with low
concentrations of immigrants. No single demographic
characteristic has been associated with the 1997 cases
from the CIS.
In general, naturalization data compiled by the INS are
limited to permanent residents who have naturalized in
court ceremonies or at administrative hearings. The data
collected for the Statistical Yearbook are restricted, with
few exceptions, to persons ages 18 and over who apply for
naturalization (Form N-400). Included in the totals are
small numbers of children who derive or acquire
citizenship through their parents who request a certificate
of citizenship (Form N-600). Parents are not required to
apply for the certificate of citizenship, so many of the
children who derive or acquire citizenship are not in the
Yearbook data. Children adopted by U.S. citizens may be
naturalized before age 18 upon parental request for a
certificate of citizenship in behalf of an adopted child
(Form N-643) and administration of the oath of
allegiance. Aliens who become U.S. citizens through the
legislative process also are not covered in data collected
by the INS. A recent example of the legislative procedure
occurred upon the dissolution of the Trust Territory of the
Pacific through which the Northern Mariana Islands
became a commonwealth of the United States, making its
residents U.S. citizens.
137
Chart P
Cumulative Naturalization Rates Through Fiscal Year 1997 of Immigrants
Admitted in Fiscal Years 1977 and 1982
1991
1993
1995
1997
Naturalization Rates
While every immigrant admitted for legal permanent
residence to the United States has the right to naturalize
after fulfilling the requirements, large numbers never
become citizens. The Immigration and Naturalization
Service has been following the naturalization experiences
of two immigration-year cohorts, those of 1977 and 1982,
in order to calculate their naturalization rates and identify
some of the factors associated with naturalization. The
immigrant records for these two cohorts have been
matched against naturalization records through 1997.
While the naturalization patterns of the 1977 and 1982
cohorts may not be representative of all immigrants, they
provide some insights about the decision to become a U.S.
citizen.
The data are restricted to immigrants who were 16 years
and over in the year they became legal permanent
residents. The subsequent citizenship of children may not
be reflected in the data because children under 16 may
automatically derive U.S. citizenship based on the
naturalization of their parents without having a record
created for them at the INS.
The two cohorts are similar in demographic composition
by gender, age, marital status, and occupation and differ
somewhat by country of birth and class of admission.
Cuban-bom immigrants represent a higher proportion of
the 1977 than 1982 cohort (16 percent vs. 2 percent) while
immigrants from Vietnam and other Southeast Asian
countries of Laos and Cambodia represent a higher
proportion of the 1982 compared to 1977 cohort (18
percent vs. 1 percent). In addition, family and
employment preference immigrants accounted for a
greater proportion of the 1982 than the 1977 immigrant
cohort (42 percent vs. 32 percent) because, up until 1978,
few preference visas were available for Western
Hemisphere immigrants.
Data Overview
As Chart P shows, 53 percent of the 1977 immigrant
cohort and 48 percent of the 1982 cohort had naturalized
by the end of 1997. The naturalization rate of the 1982
cohort exceeded that of the 1977 cohort by an average of
about 4 percentage points after the fourth year following
immigration. The upper limit on the cohort naturalization
rates is unknown because data are not collected on the
emigration and mortality experience of legal immigrants.
Emigration alone might reduce the size of each cohort by
roughly 30 percent (see Emigration section). For both
cohorts, naturalizations peaked during the 6th year
following admission for legal permanent residence, one
138
Chart Q
Years between Immigration and Naturalization of Immigrants Admitted in
Fiscal Years 1977 and 1982
Percent
10 -I
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Immigrants, 1977
Immigrants, 1982
>1
"T 1 1 — —I 1 1 1 1 1 1 r-
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
year after the maximum residency requirement had been
met (Chart Q). The annual number of naturalizations
declined between the 7th and 14th year for 1977
immigrants and between the 7th and 10th year for 1982
immigrants, that is until the early 1990s. Subsequent
increases in annual naturalizations reflect previously
mentioned factors, including legislative efforts to restrict
public benefits for non-citizens.
Table J
Naturalization Rates Through Fiscal Year 1997 of Immigrants Admitted in
Fiscal Years 1977 and 1982 by Year
Characteristics
1977
1982
Characteristics
1977
1982
Total, 16 years and over .,
Percent naturalized
Age:
16-34 years
35-54 years
55 years and over
Gender:
Female
Male
Class of admission:
Family preference/
immediate relative of
U.S. citizen
352,070
52.8
57.8
56.3
28.1
52.2
53.2
50.8
447,766
48.2
53.5
45.1
23.8
49.3
47.4
42.6
Employment preference .
Refugee/Asylee
Other
Occupation:
Professional, managerial,
sales, administrative
support
Precision production,
machine operators,
laborers, fabricators ....
Service workers
Other workers
Nonworkers
64.6
53.0
62.6
62.1
47.0
49.4
60.4
54.6
53.1
42.8
52.9
48.3
30.4
38.4
49.2
47.9
139
Table K
Naturalization Rates Through Fiscal Year 1997 of Immigrants Admitted in
Fiscal Year 1977 by Selected Country of Birth
Country of birth
Immigrants in 1977
Number
admitted
Naturalizations
through 1997
Rate
Inmiigrants in 1977 '
Country of birth
Number
admitted
Naturalizations
through 1997
Rate^
All countries 352,070
Cuba 57,023
PhiUppines 31,686
Mexico
Korea
India
China, People's Rep.
Canada
United Kingdom ....
Dominican Republic
Jamaica
185,742 52.8
34,932 61.3 Portugal 6,964 2,332 33.5
20,766 65.5 Greece 6,577 2,371 36.0
30,967 9,982 32.2 Colombia 6,138 3,757 61.2
19,824 12,839 64.8 Italy 5,843 1,272 21.8
15,033 9,713 64.6 Germany 4,899 930 19.0
14,421 9,946 69.0 Soviet Union, former 4,535 3,108 68.5
9,000 1,969 21.9 Trinidad & Tobago 4,516 2,160 47.8
8,981 2,343 26.1 Haiti 4,268 2,235 52.4,
8,955 3,415 38.1 Guyana 4,115 2,576 62.6'
7,896 4,104 52.0 Ecuador 4,063 1,918 47.2
i
Ages 16 and over. ^ Naturalizations through 1997 divided by the number of immigrants admitted.
The cumulative naturalization rates through 1997 by
selected characteristics at the time of immigration for
each cohort are displayed in Table J. The very low
naturalization rates for older immigrants are probably
due to mortality and a limited English fluency, which
makes it difficult to pass the some of the examinations
for naturalization. In general, younger immigrants may
be more likely to naturalize than older immigrants
because of stronger ties to the U.S. through experiences
in school, the workplace, and with friends. Young
immigrants may naturalize sooner than older immigrants
in order to take advantage of the right of citizenship to
sponsor family members, especially spouses, for
immigration.
Refugees and asylees tend to have higher naturalization
rates than other categories of immigrants because of
weakened or severed ties to their country of origin.
Employment preference immigrants, probably because of
higher levels of education and income, are more likely to
naturalize than family preference immigrants or immediate
relatives of U.S. citizens.
Region and country of birth are also associated with
differences in naturalization rates. Immigrants from
distant regions, such as Asia and Africa, or from countries
with large numbers of refugees, including Eastern Europe
and Southeast Asia, have tended to have higher
naturalization rates than immigrants from either Western
Europe or with adjacent borders (Canada and Mexico).
Tables K and L display the 20 countries that were the
largest sources of immigrants aged 16 or older in the 1977
and 1982 cohorts, respectively, with the corresponding
numbers who have naturalized through 1997 and their
naturalization rates.
For the 1977 cohort (Table K), naturalization rates range
from a high of 69.0 percent for immigrants from the
People's Republic of China to a low of 19.0 percent for
German immigrants. For the 1982 cohort (Table L), all of
the countries with above average naturalization rates are
Asian, except for the former Soviet Union and Guyana.
Among 1982 immigrants, naturalization rates are highest
for the Taiwanese (73.7 percent) and lowest for Germans
(12.2 percent).
Limitations of Linked-Records
Method 1
This analysis is based on a match between immigrant and
subsequent naturalization records for individuals who
became legal immigrants in 1977 and 1982. Errors in
either record may prevent a successful match, so some
people who did naturalize may be classified as not having
done so. Record errors may also result in false matches,
and efforts have been made to eliminate them.
140
Table L
Naturalization Rates Through Fiscal Year 1997 of Immigrants Admitted in
Fiscal Year 1982 by Selected Country of Birth
Country of birth
Immigrants in 1982 '
Number
admitted
Naturalizations
through 1997
Rate'
Immigrants in 1982
Country of birth
Number
admitted
Naturalizations
through 1997
Rate
All countries
447,766
Vietnam 49,721
Mexico 41,929
Philippines 36,015
China, People's Rep. 23.409
Korea
Laos
India
Jamaica
Dominican Republic
Soviet Union, former
23,000
22,480
17,902
13,213
12,951
11,837
215,963
35,331
9,051
23,565
13,470
9,794
9,998
8,890
5,366
3,989
8,291
48.2
71.1
21.6
65.4
57.5
42.6
44.5
49.7
40.6
30.8
70.0
United Kingdom
Iran
Cambodia
Canada
Taiwan
Cuba
Haiti
Guyana ...
Colombia
Germany .
11,325
9,231
8,921
7,787
7,304
6,955
6,904
6,800
6,637
5,707
2,248
5,742
4,737
1,226
5,383
3,103
3,082
4,224
3,200
696
19.8
62.2
53.1
15.7
73.7
44.6
44.6
62.1
48.2
12.2
Ages 16 and over. ^ Naturalizations through 1997 divided by the number of immigrants admitted.
141
TABLE 44. PETITIONS FOR NATURALIZATIONS FILED, PERSONS NATURALIZED,
AND PETITIONS FOR NATURALIZATIONS DENIED
nSCAL YEARS 1907-97
Petitions filed '
Persons naturalized |
Year
Total
Civilian
Military
Not reported
Petitions denied
1907-97
18,575,044
164,036
1,381,384
1,884,277
1,637,113
1,938,066
1,230,483
1,142,985
138,718
129,682
121,170
113,218
106,813
104,853
108,369
103,085
102,317
114,760
1,556307
109,897
121,883
126,929
136,175
149,399
157,932
41,220
186,354
168,854
165,434
192,230
2,375,727
171,073
201,507
187,719
286,440
305,981
290,732
232.988
237,752
227,692
233,843
5,264,666
206,668
342,269
522,298
543,353
959,963
1,277,403
1,412,712
15,936,733
111,738
1.128,972
1,773,185
1,518,464
1,987,028
1,189,946
1,120,263
132,450
127,307
124,178
112,234
104,299
103,059
104,902
102,726
98,709
110,399
1,464,772
108,407
116,215
120,740
131,655
141,537
142,504
48,218
159,873
173,535
164,150
157,938
2,214,265
166,317
173,688
178,948
197,023
244,717
280,623
227.008
242,063
233,777
270,101
3,428,100
308,058
240,252
314,681
434,107
488,088
1,044,689
598,225
14,997,551
111,738
884,672
1,716,979
1,498,573
1,837,229
1,148,241
1,084,195
130,731
124,972
121,618
109,629
101,214
100,498
102,211
100,288
93,251
99,783
1397,846
98,858
107,740
112,944
124,807
135,323
136,873
46,705'
154,568
168,409
158,276
153,343
2,155,519
162,227
170,071
175,678
192,113
238,394
275,352
224,100
239,541
231,198
246,845
3,162,559
299,373
222,519
303,211
402,050
474.169
926,481
534,756
669,642
244,300
56,206
19,891
149,799
41,705
36,068
1,719
2,335
2.560
2,605
3,085
2,561
2,691
2,438
5,458
10,616
66,926
9,549
8,475
7,796
6,848
6,214
5.631
1,513
5,305
5,126
5,874
4,595
28,317
4,090
3,617
3,196
2,965
3,266
2,901
2,402
2,296
1,954
1,630
26,430
1,804
5,702
7.069
6.194
3.862
1,261
538
269,540
30,429
74
1,945
3,057
2,370
506
226
625
21,626
239,111
6.881
12,031
4,401
25,863
10,057
116,947
62.931
1,051,492
1907-10
17,702
1911-20
118,725
1921-30
165,493
1931-40
45,792
1941-50
64,814
1951-60
27,569
1961-70
23,557
1961
3,175
1962
3,557
1963
1964
1965
2,436
2,309
2,059
2.029
2.008
1,962
2,043
1,979
27,978
2,028
1,837
1,708
2.210
2.300
2,231
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971-80
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1976, TQ
568
1977
1978
1979
2,845
3.894
3,987
1980
4,370
1981.90
47,224
4,316
3,994
3,160
3,373
3,610
5,980
6.771
4,304
5.200
6,516
512,638
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991-97
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
6,268
19.293
39,931
40.561
46,067
229.842
130,676
' The numbers of petitions filed do not include estimated applications where the fee has not been receipted or the application has not been entered into automated
processing systems.
NOTE: The 'Not reported' category may be large for certain characteristics in 1996 and 1997. For explanation, see Naturalizations section of text on Limitations of
Data. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
- Represents zero.
142
TABLE 45. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY GENERAL AND SPECIAL NATURALIZATION PROVISIONS
FISCAL YEARS 1992-97
Naturalization provisions
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Total naturalized
General provisions
Special provisions „ „
Persons married to U.S. citizens
Children, including adopted children, of U.S.
citizen parents
Military
Persons who served in the U.S. armed forces
for 3 years
Persons who served in the U.S. armed
forces during World War 1, World War II,
the Korean hostilities, the Vietnam
hostilities, or the Grenada campaign
Lodge Act enlistees
Persons honorably discharged from the U.S.
armed forces following service in
World War 11
Natives of the Philippines who served
honorably in the Philippine Army during
World War II
Other
Surviving spouses of citizen members of the
armed forces of the United States
Employees of nonprofit organizations engaged
in disseminating information promoting
U.S. interests
Persons who served on certain U.S. vessels
Nationals but not citizens of the United States .
Philippine citizens who entered the United
States prior to May 1, 1934, and have
resided continuously in the United States ....
Certain inhabitants of the Virgin Islands who
renounced Danish citizenship
Former U.S. citizens who lost citizenship by
marriage
Former U.S. citizens who lost citizenship by
entering the armed forces of foreign
countries during World War II
Persons naturalized under private law
Persons who perform ministerial or priestly
functions of a religious order in the
United States
Not reported
240,252
197,559
30,662
19.151
5,743
5,702
989
429
4,282
66
1
14
21
11
12,031
314,681
273,857
36,423
22,392
6,759
7,069
1,019
500
5,546
203
10
1
21
14
10
38
105
4,401
434,107
367,960
40,284
25,935
7,848
6,194
1,090
232
3
4,868
307
2
29
18
64
176
25,863
488,088
445,835
32,196
23,384
4,709
3,862
926
377
1
2,558
241
I
20
18
21
169
10,057
1,044,689
890,949
36,793
28,501
6,948
1,261
633
427
1
200
83
21
20
22
15
116,947
598,225
513,139
22,155
21139
439
538
358
159
19
39
1
10
3
20
62,931
NOTE: The 'Not reported' category may be large for certain characteristics in 1996 and 1997. For explanation, see Naturalizations section of text on Limitations of
Data.
- Represents zero.
143
TABLE 46. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED NATURALIZATION PROVISIONS
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGL\NCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Special provisions
Region and country
Total
General
Not
of former allegiance
naturalized
provisions
Total
Married to
U.S. citizens
Children of
U.S. parents
Military
Other
reported
All countries
598,225
513,139
22,155
21,139
439
538
39
62,931
Europe
66,850
62,188
2,921
2,773
106
33
9
1,741
Albania
399
359
21
20
1
19
Bulgaria
288
227
53
51
1
1
-
8
Czechoslovakia, former
372
323
39
38
-
1
-
10
16
15
1
1
_
-
_
-
Slovak Republic
33
28
5
5
-
-
-
-
Unknown republic
323
280
33
32
-
1
-
10
France
1,281
1,121
125
125
-
-
35
Germany
2,588
2,403
158
147
5
6
-
27
Greece
1,645
1,545
81
81
-
-
-
19
Hungary
488
431
49
49
-
-
-
8
Ireland
1,682
1,598
73
65
1
7
-
11
Italy
2,282
2,168
102
102
-
-
-
12
Latvia
200
190
10
10
-
-
-
-
Netherlands
577
542
27
27
-
-
-
8
Poland
7,553
7,059
387
385
2
-
-
107
Portugal
3,769
3,676
80
78
-
2
-
13
Romania
2,573
2,162
197
185
9
3
-
214
25,965
24,369
519
454
58
2
5
1,077
Armenia
4,151
4,120
28
28
-
3
856
847
7
5
2
-
2
Moldova
711
705
6
3
2
-
-
Russia
7,172
6,816
242
207
33
2
114
Ukraine
6,415
6,305
95
77
17
-
15
Uzbekistan
329
323
5
5
-
-
1
Other republics
476
461
14
14
-
-
1
Unknown republic
5,855
4,792
122
115
4
3
941
Spain
671
621
40
38
1
1
10
Sweden
201
185
13
13
-
-
3
Switzerland
290
264
23
23
-
-
3
United Kingdom
11,418
10,627
661
625
26
1
130
Yugoslavia, former
1,640
1,447
177
174
1
1
16
222
194
28
26
1
-
-
Macedonia
214
202
II
It
-
-
1
Other
56
48
8
8
-
-
-
Unknown
1,148
1,003
130
129
-
1
15
968
871
86
83
2
-
II
Asia
169,658
154,638
11,061
10,528
227
295
11
3,959
Afghanistan
1,724
1,589
51
49
1
-
84
Bangladesh
3,122
2,965
132
127
4
25
Burma
484
438
43
43
-
-
3
Cambodia
4,936
4,629
48
46
1
-
259
China, People's Republic
17,552
16,106
1,257
1,201
53
2
189
India
18,812
17,581
1,004
971
28
1
227
Indonesia
462
435
24
21
3
-
3
Iran
10,553
9,999
347
341
4
1
207
Iraq
1,519
1,369
134
134
-
-
16
Israel
1,918
1,605
270
265
5
-
43
Japan
1,108
1,043
51
48
3
-
14
Jordan
1,795
1,290
477
472
5
-
28
Korea
13,996
13,434
468
443
18
3
94
Kuwait
234
8,092
143
7,458
78
67
75
62
3
3
-
13
Laos
.567
Lebanon
2,796
2,345
421
415
5
-
30
Malaysia
377
316
50
49
1
-
II
Pakistan
6,430
5,869
431
418
12
130
Philippines
28,075
23,264
4,359
4,059
29
270
452
Sri Lanka
486
1,370
451
1,161
28
190
27
188
1
7
Syria
19
Taiwan
6,489
5,974
450
445
4
65
Thailand
1,808
1,663
84
79
4
61
Turkey
1,341
1,134
195
193
-
12
Vietnam
33,349
31,688
286
249
32
1,375
Yemen
443
392
38
33
5
13
Other Asia
387
297
78
75
3
12
See footnotes at end of table.
144
TABLE 46. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED NATURALIZATION PROVISIONS
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Region and country
of former allegiance
Total
naturalized
General
provisions
Special provisions
Total
Married to
U.S. citizens
Children of
U.S. parents
Military
Other
Not
reported
Africa „ „™
Cape Verde
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Sudan
Other Africa
Oceania ........_ .
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Tonga
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Stateless
Not reported
13^62
347
2.021
399
1,813
1,418
350
657
483
3,292
211
396
559
216
1,700
1,655
275
628
214
330
208
257,027
6,094
134,494
78,263
714
303
1,873
12,860
535
19,450
1,136
15,667
18,746
540
429
737
5,273
38,176
1,280
1,488
17,818
7,522
4,022
4,178
1.868
39,475
2.112
980
2.192
1,291
10,911
7,129
7,008
5,898
599
1.156
199
293
49.405
11,708
316
1.689
331
1.524
1.261
318
576
315
2.674
190
333
485
147
1.399
1,511
250
590
189
315
167
245,401
5.583
127.401
75,856
693
291
1.818
12.717
495
18.804
1.106
15.161
18,210
512
392
707
4,950
36,561
1,239
1,412
17,195
7,266
3,801
3,959
1,689
37,078
2,000
914
1.953
1.212
10.151
6.899
6.796
5.403
575
1.006
169
283
332
1,505
28
303
17
66
85
25
44
158
383
20
31
62
55
228
94
22
25
22
4
21
4,562
369
1,.565
1,757
12
12
46
80
21
543
24
201
467
19
28
25
279
871
25
63
239
104
161
128
151
1,975
92
47
191
61
640
193
193
405
18
110
25
3
34
1,467
27
302
16
63
81
24
39
158
375
20
29
59
52
222
88
22
25
20
4
17
4,323
336
1,483
1,691
II
12
40
76
21
533
24
192
448
19
26
25
264
813
24
62
216
99
150
124
138
1,929
90
44
190
59
624
188
190
394
18
108
24
3
28
18
I
1
I
3
69
II
29
8
1
3
1
1
I
1
21
11
7
1
2
14
2
1
1
19
1
157
22
49
52
16
12
34
I
I
10
5
4
3
10
31
2
12
5
3
7
3
13
4
6
1
649
3
29
1
123
72
7
37
10
235
I
32
12
14
73
50
3
13
3
II
20
7,064
142
5,528
650
9
9
63
19
103
6
305
69
9
9
5
44
744
16
13
384
152
60
91
28
422
20
19
48
18
120
37
19
90
6
40
5
7
49,039
NOTE; The 'Not reported' category may be large for certain characteristics. For explanation, see Naturalizations section of text on Limitations of Data.
- Represents zero.
145
TABLE 47. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY REGION AND COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
FISCAL YEARS 1988-97
Region and country of
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
former allegiance
All countries
242,063
233,777
270,101
308,058
240,252
314,681
434,107
488,088
1,044,689
598,225
Europe
36351
35,079
37,264
37,808
30,781
42,162
63,915
69,005
108,966
66,850
Albania
104
143
91
80
109
98
125
122
340
399
Andorra
1
11
6
3
5
3
6
5
5
2
Austria
93
71
83
113
100
199
281
284
347
171
Belgium
143
131
147
170
151
193
264
223
291
149
Bulgaria
123
137
160
225
171
165
250
240
493
288
Czechoslovakia, former
775
949
916
843
676
629
691
613
613
372
Czech Republic
X
X
X
X
X
-
6
5
11
16
Slovak Republic
X
X
X
X
X
-
2
21
44
33
Unknown republic
775
949
916
843
676
629
683
587
558
323
Denmark
108
109
153
177
126
162
255
225
279
159
Estonia
15
19
17
33
14
20
62
63
78
56
Finland
77
61
83
85
91
103
135
137
152
82
France
950
940
1,091
1,413
1,124
1,239
1,758
1.518
2,257
1,281
Germany
2,363
2,196
2,395
2,197
1,901
2,554
3,706
3,546
4,245
2,588
Germany, East
244
190
187
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Germany, West
2,119
2,006
2,208
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Greece
2,239
2,768
2,270
1,820
1,769
2,135
2,596
2,114
2,769
1,645
Hungary
683
580
743
814
608
624
824
844
936
488
Iceland
22
26
25
23
37
34
38
38
37
29
Ireland
827
787
742
746
738
1,079
1,659
1,928
3,010
1,682
Italy
2,852
2,492
2,453
1,976
1,618
3,495
5,703
4,032
4,617
2,282
Latvia
46
45
55
52
53
64
131
193
371
200
Liechtenstein
1
2
1
3
2
I
5
4
2
3
Lithuania
53
68
71
71
50
85
119
230
273
156
Luxembourg
10
8
6
16
9
12
11
8
19
7
Malta
76
59
72
77
56
74
98
44
113
44
Monaco
1
3
2
4
5
3
9
4
3
1
Netherlands
449
410
410
508
378
471
714
727
1,015
577
Norway
90
79
115
141
107
129
176
160
217
107
Poland
4,145
5,002
5,972
5,493
4,681
5,551
7,036
8,030
13,200
7,553
Portugal
3,236
2,698
2,491
1,848
1,884
3,978
6,106
3,925
6.173
3,769
Romania
2,060
2,190
2,914
3,471
2,457
2,699
3,454
3,316
4,451
2,573
2
5,304
3
3.020
4
2,847
6
2,822
3
1,648
8
2,763
4
7,249
8
17,406
36,265
2
Soviet Union, former
25,965
Armenia
X
X
X
X
X
136
645
1,240
3,524
4,151
Azerbaijan
X
X
X
X
X
-
4
32
233
321
Belarus
X
X
X
X
X
1
7
198
657
856
Georgia
X
X
X
X
X
1
8
24
94
81
Kazakhstan
X
X
X
X
X
2
35
27
32
42
Kyrgyzstan
X
X
X
X
X
-
2
3
3
Moldova
X
X
X
X
X
7
61
190
520
711
Russia
X
X
X
X
X
315
1,240
3,846
8,909
7,172
Tajikistan
X
X
X
X
X
2
I
1
43
24
Turkmenistan
X
X
X
X
X
-
1
2
8
5
Ukraine
X
X
X
X
X
173
793
3,375
8,392
6.415
Uzbekistan
X
X
X
X
X
-
10
62
436
329
Unknown republic
5,304
3,020
2,847
2,822
1,648
2,126
4.444
8,407
13,414
5,855
Spain
616
490
535
436
462
615
812
778
1,714
671
Sweden
107
254
129
246
166
302
208
357
186
310
228
393
317
574
261
451
335
505
201
Switzerland
290
United Kingdom
7,042
7,865
8,286
9,935
7,800
10,158
15,753
14,823
20,052
11.418
Yugoslavia, former
1,484
1,342
1,640
1,642
1,452
2,198
2,994
2,705
3,789
1.640
Bosnia-Herzegovina
X
X
X
X
-
4
25
31
47
48
Croatia
X
X
X
1,484
X
X
X
1,342
X
X
X
1,640
X
X
X
1,642
X
1,452
33
X
3
2,158
144
52
8
2,765
242
197
23
2,212
496
329
22
2,895
222
Macedonia
214
Slovenia
8
Unknown
1,148
See foolnotes at end of table.
146
TABLE 47. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY REGION AND COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGL\NCE
FISCAL YEARS 1988-97— Continued
Region and country of
former allegiance
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
\sia »....„.».„.«....».>..»._.„
Afghanistan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China. People's Republic ....
Cyprus
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Maldives
Nepal
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Viemam
Yemen
.frica
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Democratic Republic
Congo, Repubhc '
Cole d'lvoire
(Djibouti
Egypt
[Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
X foomotes at end of table.
114,849
905
9
419
5
532
3,132
10.509
203
9.983
384
4,970
1,397
1,815
1,041
1.834
13.012
119
3.480
2,262
323
31
4
2,174
24,580
6
30
137
230
1,097
5,716
1,308
1,242
7
21,636
317
7,122
66
49
6
1
2
5
25
204
5
3
45
4
10
4
1.960
5
X
1,142
111,488
1,051
5
496
6
4
479
3,234
11,664
229
9,833
352
4,485
1,387
1,703
727
1,872
11,301
198
3,463
2,213
362
35
3
2,443
24,802
7
48
141
298
908
5,779
1.167
1,085
2
19,357
349
7,209
86
48
3
4
33
223
11
3
36
4
10
3
1,638
1
X
1,246
6
124,675
1,141
12
696
3
7
597
3,525
13,563
185
11.499
350
5.973
1,855
2,102
736
2,408
10,500
247
3,329
2,797
426
37
2
3,330
25,936
7
63
162
335
1.146
6.895
1.145
1,214
6
22,027
419
8,770
95
58
2
3
38
272
2
2
1
55
9
14
1
1,945
2
X
1,370
1
160,367
1,392
11
874
8
12
827
4,786
16,783
167
12,961
603
10,41 1
1,641
2,789
938
2,493
12,266
301
3,594
3,570
477
1
56
2
3,670
33,714
6
91
180
464
1,480
10,876
1,379
1,349
2
29,603
590
10,230
111
30
10
1
2
1
48
178
6
5
2
50
4
27
6
2,644
4
X
1,453
4
121,965
1,047
12
967
6
12
454
2,749
13,488
170
13,413
309
6,778
1,196
2,376
621
2,297
8,297
299
3,052
2,881
388
1
43
7
3.350
28,579
15
94
145
333
1,200
6,408
962
1,124
7
18,357
528
9,628
102
35
13
4
1
10
75
226
2
2
48
2
36
7
2,098
2
X
1,505
2
145,318
1,539
9
942
9
8
469
3,149
16,851
188
16,506
408
7,029
1,522
2,609
989
2,678
9,611
344
3,945
3,402
418
1
48
5
3,777
33,864
17
139
157
445
1,312
7,384
1,169
1,229
13
22,427
706
11,293
120
50
10
1
5
4
105
216
4
I
2
68
4
47
7
2,045
1
1,858
186,963
1,994
18
1,175
10
11
757
4,125
22,018
194
20,886
532
10,054
1,772
3,241
1,427
2,901
12,313
426
5,638
4,611
513
62
5
4,539
40,711
14
132
209
531
1,809
10,757
1,645
1,655
20
29,486
772
15,719
173
77
6
3
7
10
171
518
1
2
2
86
5
76
5
2.616
2
69
2,359
182,570
2,014
17
1,291
7
7
780
3,605
20,917
170
18,331
569
11,659
1.609
2,821
1.415
2,556
15,445
350
4,064
4,159
424
3
55
5
4,883
37,645
II
112
170
514
1,776
10,007
1,675
1,559
11
31,432
502
17,702
177
38
13
2
7
6
164
524
6
1
81
1
77
8
2,625
2
371
2,558
1
267334
3,936
21
5,120
6
1,085
5,077
30,656
212
28.932
883
17.326
2,157
3,577
1,803
3,019
24,693
380
7,845
4,978
580
1
10,278
45,210
17
119
237
756
2,148
12,431
3,399
1,885
10
47,625
844
21,842
208
57
9
5
9
4
195
457
4
2
1
131
4
139
5
3,486
5
541
2,563
2
169,658
1,724
6
3,122
3
3
484
4,936
17,552
106
18,812
462
10,553
1,519
1,918
1,108
1,795
13,996
234
8,092
2,796
377
2
52
1
6,430
28,075
7
79
123
486
1,370
6,489
1,808
1,341
5
33,349
443
13,862
138
55
4
5
6
5
129
347
1
2
60
2
89
3
2,021
2
399
1,813
I
147
TABLE 47. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY REGION AND COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
FISCAL YEARS 1988-97— Continued
Region and country of
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
former allegiance
Gambia, The
5
4
13
19
11
18
26
51
82
39
Ghana
617
567
714
669
692
722
1,110
1,557
2,519
1,418
Guinea
5
5
15
7
7
3
10
8
23
22
Guinea-Bissau
186
202
1
257
2
273
3
237
1
307
6
360
3
335
6
458
1
Kenya
350
Lesotho
-
2
2
3
3
3
5
6
4
4
Liberia
224
229
283
356
359
455
613
728
794
657
Libya
84
103
137
135
147
142
158
196
137
112
Madagascar
15
7
6
10
15
3
13
12
21
8
Malawi
9
9
13
11
16
13
32
29
23
14
Mali
4
4
5
2
5
9
8
17
23
25
Mauritania
1
5
3
2
2
3
1
6
3
4
Mauritius
15
14
15
11
13
14
22
18
42
23
Morocco
274
243
320
365
396
482
687
653
937
483
Mozambique
21
20
30
24
22
24
43
22
18
27
Namibia
10
11
6
6
7
11
12
8
6
10
Niger
393
21
22
-
6
211
263
116
Nigeria
274
932
1,415
1,775
1,862
2,378
3,772
4,541
5,368
3,292
Rwanda
5
1
-
5
5
3
3
9
8
6
Sao Tome & Principe
3
-
-
-
1
-
2
2
-
1
Senegal
26
32
58
30
41
61
74
75
226
211
Seychelles
10
15
20
20
18
17
10
15
12
13
Sierra Leone
117
54
137
64
163
90
194
107
187
122
292
130
396
154
561
211
566
248
396
Somalia
157
South Africa
746
49
687
55
697
68
883
79
650
99
830
129
1,145
138
798
177
956
258
559
Sudan
216
Swaziland
6
5
3
8
4
4
2
5
3
1
Tanzania
131
170
187
221
180
187
227
192
347
171
Togo
11
7
13
16
13
17
23
19
29
17
Tunisia
44
67
55
78
68
123
85
112
129
80
Uganda
120
122
124
131
118
133
172
239
267
195
Zambia
60
56
65
111
65
113
110
108
113
74
Zimbabwe
67
58
92
91
90
118
106
116
126
78
Oceania
779
868
881
1,045
891
1,208
1,726
1,731
2,676
1,620
Australia
76
81
110
116
140
230
321
271
454
275
Fiji
353
3
436
2
374
1
477
1
398
544
1
705
1
698
1
1,336
3
628
Kiribati
3
Marshall Islands
-
1
2
-
2
3
2
3
4
5
5
5
3
Micronesia, Federated States ....
1
Nauru
2
-
2
1
1
4
3
3
-
1
New Zealand
106
20
124
21
116
23
191
23
110
22
178
15
262
II
254
2
336
2
214
Palau
6
Papua New Guinea
2
3
2
3
1
3
2
7
9
3
Samoa ^
121
130
150
142
102
131
189
207
267
149
Solomon Islands
5
88
3
65,096
2,947
1
68
1
61,954
1
100
64,730
3,644
2
89
71,838
27
86
2
56,710
11
86
2
87,751
46
170
1
10
130,108
54
213
1
11
172,513
2
257
454,954
6
Tonga
330
Tuvalu
1
Vanuatu ....
257,027
Canada
2,922
4,441
4,067
6,662
9,128
7,949
10,324
6,094
Mexico
22,085
18,520
17,564
22,066
12,880
23,630
46,186
79,614
217,418
134,494
Caribbean „
31,110
31,952
34320
34,025
32,272
47,061
57,915
55,515
155,178
78,263
Antigua-Barbuda
550
490
339
478
376
439
617
658
899
714
Bahamas, The
87
896
11,228
98
931
9,514
161
970
10,291
151
852
9,554
156
669
7,763
140
855
15.109
234
1,423
16,421
208
1,270
17,481
628
2,394
62.168
303
1,873
Cuba
12.860
Dominica
421
5,842
436
6.454
399
5.984
550
6,368
308
8,464
285
12,274
381
11,415
399
9,934
694
27,293
535
Dominican Republic
19,450
See footnotes at end of table.
148
TABLE 47. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY REGION AND COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
FISCAL YEARS 1988-97— Continued
Region and country of
former allegiance
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kilts-Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Central America _
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
J.S. possessions
Stateless or not reported
360
2,350
6.441
325
281
250
2,079
8,954
426
726
2,291
1,358
1,229
1,363
1,561
16,972
1,288
448
553
1,040
5,021
1,774
3,535
137
2.255
25
406
490
31
863
413
3,692
6,455
405
249
263
2.552
8,560
373
676
2.001
1.281
1.167
1.271
1.791
16,503
1.246
424
564
887
4,736
1,671
3,654
127
2.267
25
381
521
52
624
459
5,009
6,762
265
204
279
3.198
9,202
389
589
2.410
1.280
1,259
1.520
1,755
19,548
1.466
471
674
866
5.540
2,052
4,306
127
2,829
33
433
751
52
14,181
456
4,436
6,838
699
286
324
3,033
11306
499
792
3,653
1,832
1,306
1.732
1.492
20,928
1.850
519
683
920
5.513
2,215
4,826
133
3,088
34
400
747
53
5,789
421
3.993
6.765
307
194
254
2.602
7,491
304
547
2,056
1,086
1,248
1,100
1,150
19,982
1,237
423
679
713
6.439
1.857
4.717
138
2.633
45
371
730
51
244
552
5.202
7,976
372
236
328
3.293
10398
381
672
3.057
1,682
1,713
1,500
1,393
26,464
1,611
571
922
862
9,976
2,703
4,938
175
3,274
26
577
829
76
409
815
7,997
12,216
581
377
533
4.905
16,879
636
1.063
5.675
3,001
2,208
2,442
1,854
34,988
2.488
810
1.342
1.203
12.299
3.951
6,043
257
4,740
90
670
1,095
105
583
722
7,876
11,049
557
400
477
4.484
29,435
856
1.145
13.667
5.159
2,943
3,930
1,735
38,058
2,700
1,168
1,278
1,295
12,724
5,366
5,584
236
5.889
58
678
1.082
134
6.375
1,564
24,556
24,270
539
549
1,005
8,619
72,034
1,765
2,603
33,240
13,383
7,494
10,614
2,935
79,918
5,040
2,066
2,685
2,775
26.115
14.206
10.618
420
12.073
129
1,289
2,502
136
108,863
1.136
15.667
18,746
540
429
737
5.273
38,176
1.280
1,488
17,818
7.522
4.022
4.178
1.868
39,475
2,112
980
2,192
1,291
10,911
7,129
7,008
140
5,898
59
599
1.156
35
49,698
' In May 1997 Zaire was formally recognized as the Democratic Republic of the Congo; the Congo is referred to by its conventional name, the RepubUc of the
ongo. ' In August 1997 Western Samoa was formally recognized as Samoa (Independent State).
NOTE: The Stateless or not reported' category may be large for certain characteristics in 1996 and 1997. For explanation, see Naturalizations section of text on
imitations of Data
- Represents zero. X Not applicable.
149
TABLE 48. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SEX, MARITAL STATUS, AND MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP
FISCAL YEARS 1992-97
Sex, marital status, and occupation
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Total
Male
Single
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
Unknown
Female
Single
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
Unknown
Not reported
Major occupation group:
Professional, technical, and kindred workers
Managers and administrators (except farm) ..
Sales workers
Clerical
Craftsmen and kindred workers
Operatives and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing workers
Service workers
Homemakers, children, and others with
no occupation reported
240,252
120,430
31,596
75,328
1,391
8,251
236
3,628
114,273
25,029
72,841
4,498
8,153
250
3,502
5,549
23,456
13,659
10,437
29,759
11,211
20,602
1,316
21,889
107,923
314,681
155,910
40,667
102,320
2,109
10,511
171
132
157,980
34,279
103,094
7,817
12,501
138
151
791
27,954
24,047
15,379
34,926
15,353
27,893
1,735
27,749
139,645
434,107
205,671
51,822
130,586
2,346
13,617
136
7,164
221367
46,115
138,276
10,858
17,544
147
8,427
7,069
37,415
27,949
17,537
42,216
18,467
48,835
2,277
35,114
204,297
488,088
230,754
56,388
154,808
3,025
14,989
146
1,398
253,698
52,613
160,816
16,736
21,703
237
1,593
3,636
42,337
36,177
22,261
55,704
23,677
67,327
2,927
47,618
190,060
1,044,689
65,315
505,309
598,225
457,273
257,587
95,692
58,362
305,398
173,683
5,867
3,156
25,213
12,732
262
124
24,841
9,530
522,101
303,497
105,353
66,901
307,329
179,593
38,507
21,821
47,370
24,905
547
319
22,995
9,958
37,141
60,597
37,137
51.878
31,078
37,936
25,907
10,737
53,604
46,848
30,176
26,673
79,936
6,578
5,158
98,133
71,387
263,842
NOTE: The 'Unknown' and 'Not reported' categories may be large for certain characteristics in 1996 and 1997. For explanation, see Naturalizations section of ti
on Limitations of Data.
150
TABLE 49. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY STATE OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1988-97
State of residence
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
lUl
labama
laska
rizona
rkansas
Uifomia
jlorado
jnnecticut
:laware
strict of Columbia
orida
:orgia ...
iwaii
aho
inois
diana ....
wa
insas
tntucky .
luisiana
aine
aiyland
issachusetts ...
chigan
nnesota
ssissippi
ssouri
intana
braska
vada
w Hampshire
w Jersey
w Mexico
w York
rth Carolina ..
rth Dakota ....
io
lahoroa
-"gon
insylvania
ade Island
: ith Carolina
i ith Dakota ..
luiessee
kas
;ih
irmont
rginia
i^hington
Ist Virginia ..
Isconsin
loming
i. territories and
possessions
am
rthern Mariana Is.
xtoRico
gin Islands
mown
242,063
646
622
2.136
417
65.397
2.252
3,209
347
696
15.589
2.104
3.763
230
6.330
1.148
454
1.360
438
2.115
214
3.578
4.640
3.764
1.107
259
1.226
127
403
1.228
253
23.728
930
38,457
1.609
212
2.853
1.793
1.566
5,900
1.219
1.112
96
1.004
18.625
1.152
233
5.000
4.915
267
1,406
119
1,297
1,705
738
75
233,777
653
490
2,562
374
50,286
2,535
3,938
365
832
14,216
3,235
6,426
122
13,761
806
655
1.119
572
1.847
377
3,884
5,928
2,588
2,045
423
1,370
45
402
1,382
399
15,859
924
41,922
1,644
186
2.651
1,300
1,985
5.606
1,025
1,028
144
1,015
17,372
787
115
6,799
4,485
199
940
84
1,469
1,061
1,433
107
270,101
590
607
2.152
388
61.736
1.414
3.895
301
613
22.978
2.952
5.077
481
19.868
1.085
609
899
514
1.882
342
5.114
5.923
5.295
2.126
301
1.267
197
376
1.209
300
17.969
820
44.619
1,362
132
3,037
1,167
1,736
4,218
1,970
761
87
1,002
24,529
866
175
5,606
3,519
176
477
72
1,146
1,054
180
2,930
308,058
798
463
2,090
413
125,661
2,004
4,221
310
569
23,281
3.414
3.955
247
11.637
1.014
489
681
338
1,145
280
3,663
4,810
4,282
1.862
300
890
87
339
1,026
303
15.052
386
44.808
1.856
163
3.184
1.458
1.867
4.323
927
713
117
1.043
16,266
585
200
5,353
3,289
261
1.499
57
1.318
17
853
1.449
442
240,252
598
793
3.037
380
52,411
1.402
5,070
289
786
21,129
2,299
4,475
208
10,891
1,323
374
911
567
1,709
400
4,620
7,381
2,616
1,850
315
1,453
127
432
1,533
357
16,598
495
43,447
2,172
119
2,669
876
1,994
3,839
1,043
670
62
979
17,631
649
219
4,662
4,307
137
681
50
987
24
1,947
538
3,721
314,681
719
530
2,548
405
68,100
2,732
6,125
423
773
26,628
4,185
4,960
255
17,394
1,395
578
1,085
534
2,016
584
9,864
6,574
6,091
1,921
426
1,379
165
4,411
1,518
387
18,495
665
55,519
2,397
159
3,382
1,092
2,146
7,236
1,720
675
85
1,039
26,403
950
221
7,141
5,741
205
6
43
1,131
32
1,852
752
889
434,107
954
648
3,894
615
118,567
3,171
5,460
695
1,091
35,186
5.437
4.659
299
17.946
1,738
837
1,059
775
1,667
473
9,572
14,739
7,798
2.528
385
1.236
81
4.147
1,937
926
24,587
697
67,282
2,089
137
4,432
1,286
2,475
9,644
2,302
1,387
114
1,364
25,148
1,163
369
7,103
6,878
229
17
86
1,445
37
1,484
1,113
22,719
488,088
860
675
4,059
163
171,285
3,753
6.409
600
1.496
31.372
5.418
5.174
336
20.694
1.430
970
1.131
677
2.714
639
11.251
11.803
8.170
760
393
1,440
117
2,999
2,894
559
28,770
643
68,611
2,073
192
3,263
1,806
1,810
9,665
1,535
1,032
103
634
32,209
1,417
523
10,542
11,063
318
874
127
1,464
53
4
1,204
7,912
1,044,689
1,002
4
6,838
6
378,014
5,168
8,122
650
1,920
123,368
6.603
6.090
2
48.746
678
5
7
10
3.247
41
1,259
14,762
12,658
6
410
14
1
4
24
489
44,351
5
169,428
11
5,106
8
23
9,652
2
713
1
14
57.970
22
9
13.724
12,228
3
5
127
1
3
2
111,133
598,225
644
757
3,767
809
187,432
3,560
8,452
464
1,098
28,768
5,958
3,994
769
28,096
2,388
244
1,733
1,074
2,415
343
3,691
8,158
5,766
3,296
442
2,226
165
259
7,963
430
32,406
511
95,595
2,873
188
4,447
1,168
1.464
7.327
2.951
1,086
173
1,275
39,172
2,850
321
6,803
14,668
218
1,371
145
1,458
46
368
914
63,266
lOTE: The "Unknown' category may be large for certain characteristics in 1996 and 1997. For explanation, see Naturalizations section of text on Limitations of
Represents i
151
TABLE 50. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGLV^NCE
AND STATE OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997
State of residence
All
ountries
China,
People's Rep.
Colombia
Cuba
Dominican
Republic
EI
Salvador
Guatemala
Haiti
India
Iran
598^25
17^52
10,911
12,860
19,450
17,818
7,522
15,667
18,812
10,553
644
23
2
1
1
2
7
I
62
29
757
11
13
6
34
10
6
-
4
1
3.767
48
21
6
5
60
34
3
70
47
809
14
7
3
1
43
4
1
36
8
187,432
7,452
862
924
46
10,162
4,184
71
3,664
6,669
3,560
83
30
8
6
29
22
1
58
59
8,452
152
333
38
177
51
55
478
439
73
464
12
9
1
6
3
3
15
54
8
1,098
32
22
6
41
206
26
19
16
15
28,768
104
1,792
9,114
705
253
250
4,571
253
121
5,958
105
173
53
43
64
29
70
545
155
3,994
260
10
3
9
13
10
3
10
8
769
14
2
1
1
10
8
-
5
3
28,096
542
262
141
47
169
548
98
1,951
219
2,388
74
19
11
3
24
19
7
203
44
244
6
1
1
-
3
7
-
5
3
1,733
26
15
3
2
27
7
1
78
42
1,074
33
9
6
5
13
5
6
83
33
2,415
34
35
105
24
34
63
7
146
28
343
21
3
-
2
2
2
-
13
1
3,691
122
50
15
45
242
70
43
262
155
8,158
470
168
35
405
108
76
971
321
107
5,766
155
25
25
16
14
10
10
421
65
3,296
73
18
8
8
21
3
1
120
67
442
15
12
3
6
2
3
-
62
5
2,226
88
12
10
6
15
13
10
141
43
165
6
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
259
1
-
-
-
8
6
-
6
2
7,963
124
74
237
21
421
127
13
99
104
430
17
14
15
3
-
9
29
4
32,406
433
2,248
1,124
2,403
669
276
1,902
2,950
193
511
6
2
7
2
9
9
1
11
10
95,595
4,824
3,259
539
14,304
1,640
763
6,707
2.497
521
2,873
51
75
18
19
43
16
18
307
61
188
3
-
1
1
1
1
-
11
7
4,447
186
33
20
17
20
20
6
446
85
1,168
18
14
4
1
4
8
1
69
51
1,464
57
5
2
-
17
18
-
34
36
7,327
257
119
33
107
23
18
157
664
101
2,951
46
193
10
406
24
117
57
37
15
1,086
23
61
6
6
10
7
3
93
19
173
1
1
-
-
2
1
.
3
2
1,275
26
17
5
8
12
9
5
91
40
39,172
458
518
155
72
2,320
330
25
1,238
494
2,850
60
52
4
10
74
61
5
33
81
321
14
2
2
-
1
-
1
12
3
6,803
179
111
22
45
407
68
28
423
230
14,668
541
45
22
4
119
43
8
311
214
218
12
1
-
1
-
-
2
40
11
1,371
26
9
3
3
6
4
-
75
16
145
6
1
-
1
"
1
"
13
2
1,458
35
4
1
1
1
2
46
3
.
-
-
-
.
.
.
368
3
19
52
223
1
.
3
1
1
914
-
-
3
55
-
-
8
11
1
63,266
167
126
64
81
403
154
321
280
241 :
Total
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
U.S. territories and
possessions
Guam
No. Mariana Islands
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Unknown
See footnotes at end of table.
152
TABLE 50. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
AND STATE OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
State of residence
'ou»l „,
dabama
ilaska
Liizona
Lrkansas
'alifomia
'olorado
lonnecticut
)elaware
Hstrict of Columbia
lorida
ieorgia
[awaii
laho
linois
idiana
)wa
ansas
entucky
ouisiana
(aine
iaryland
assachusetts
ichigan
innesota
ississippi
issouri
ontana
ibraska
jvada
;w Hampshire
;w Jersey
;w Mexico
:w York
Jrth Carolina
)rth Dakota
lio
tdahoma
legon
[nnsylvania
Iiode Island
luth Carolina
I'Uth Dakota
nnessee
xas
ah
:rmont
rginia
lashington
est Virginia
isconsin
yoming
S. territories and
possessions
lam
>. Mariana Islands .
ertoRico
rgin Islands
iiknown
Jamaica
18,746
7
5
5
242
10
1,547
37
68
2.568
237
13
3
149
26
1
9
12
16
3
306
172
66
10
2
14
1,771
2
10,598
29
3
69
2
1
361
17
12
5
143
I
86
24
2
7
Korea
1
7
62
13,996
54
80
38
12
5.009
123
81
24
2
85
366
390
13
676
51
2
42
58
23
7
173
93
115
38
7
58
7
4
177
6
853
7
2,063
153
8
153
28
55
386
22
65
4
97
444
36
6
515
1.003
5
30
1
132
I
1
114
Laos
8,092
6
19
8
58
3,694
122
57
3
37
93
81
8
139
6
21
92
15
21
1
3
53
163
643
18
1
7
29
9
12
5
67
109
1
76
20
80
72
136
2
94
176
144
5
37
636
1
443
Mexico
560
134,494
44
112
2.541
277
73.815
1,425
103
41
18
629
803
91
402
11.760
689
80
653
86
92
6
61
55
496
241
26
223
16
140
4.142
U
425
300
1,056
251
13
155
364
420
127
30
71
14
139
22,372
843
9
195
2.669
2
246
61
7
7
5.640
Philippines
28,075
31
220
100
34
13,404
102
156
31
21
293
143
1.941
22
1,101
89
7
41
77
62
16
162
103
189
97
40
117
13
8
710
16
1.773
9
1.506
140
15
196
35
54
206
52
106
11
42
756
70
7
713
1,374
27
36
10
1.152
37
2
1
399
Poland
7,553
1
15
25
2
268
48
622
8
5
54
16
1
7
3.074
36
2
2
6
15
27
124
186
24
2
33
1
2
32
5
969
4
1,118
37
100
6
7
147
46
12
7
9
85
10
7
17
114
35
Russia
180
7,172
4
14
15
1.395
89
176
2
3
52
42
2
332
3
4
44
7
18
190
178
48
138
1
172
394
2.657
8
6
270
2
45
247
17
1
8
11
95
9
345
3
1
1
United
Kingdom
114
11,418
26
21
67
34
3.606
100
331
32
22
374
173
154
32
332
83
4
37
47
59
30
105
328
106
71
27
77
16
12
108
34
572
16
1,786
148
14
199
40
38
244
46
99
3
59
468
73
34
199
570
17
45
13
28
2
111
146
Vietnam
33349
82
17
99
98
15.848
306
226
7
32
231
472
362
34
528
147
49
248
125
738
30
206
642
277
500
106
293
I
19
203
28
445
39
876
296
16
266
218
221
822
33
55
16
119
2,985
322
21
812
2,378
6
37
1
21
1,390
Other
204,185
261
169
575
177
36,117
939
3.357
168
544
7,282
2,376
633
204
6.028
854
54
404
415
915
173
1.454
3,749
3.379
1.215
123
883
97
44
1.333
219
12,994
72
38.814
1.094
87
2,130
283
374
3.236
1,647
429
98
487
6.038
972
196
2.707
4.248
88
349
34
69
5
52
717
52.824
NOTE: The 'Unknown' category may be large for certain characteristics. For explanation, see Naturalizations section of text on Limitations of Data.
Represents zero.
153
TABLE 51. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGLVNCE
AND SELECTED METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Metropolitan statistical area '
Total
New York, NY
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA .
Chicago, IL
Miami, FL
Houston, TX
San Francisco, CA
Orange County, CA
Oakland, CA
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Newark, NJ
Seattle-Bellevue-Everen, WA
San Diego, CA
San Jose, CA
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Washington, DC-MD-VA
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
Boston-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA .
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
Jersey City, NJ
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Las Vegas, NV
Fresno, CA
Atlanta, GA
Dallas, TX
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
Detroit, Ml
Sacramento, CA
Honolulu, HI
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury, CT
Hartford, CT
Ventura, CA
San Antonio, TX
MinneapoUs-St. Paul, MN-WI
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, RI .
Bakersfield, CA
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
Denver, CO
Modesto, CA
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA
Reno, NV
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
Merced, CA
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
New Orleans, LA
Austin-San Marcos, TX
Stockton-Lodi, CA
Monmouth-Ocean, NJ
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA
Other MSA
All
countries
China,
People's
Republic
Non-MSA .
Unknown ..
598^25
85,022
83,482
27,452
19,231
17,559
14,952
14,662
12,183
10,640
9,898
9,280
8,900
8,777
7,707
7,700
7,075
6,792
6,202
6,051
5,822
5,306
5,143
4,819
4,575
4,264
4.102
3,494
3,368
3,358
3,332
3,254
2,937
2,878
2,864
2,431
2,431
2,330
2,234
2,117
2,013
1,908
1.892
1,850
1,838
1,834
1,673
1,536
1,490
1,488
1,483
57,656
24.732
62,208
Colom-
bia
17^52
4,531
1,858
532
37
295
3,244
147
1,183
47
86
480
90
349
73
220
182
449
226
36
38
72
49
86
63
105
85
174
250
54
36
22
20
63
46
g
35
65
16
46
14
16
47
4
67
22
32
42
50
35
1,255
413
Cuba
157
10,911
2,860
455
253
1.186
366
56
112
30
60
745
34
37
24
730
127
343
149
87
480
417
60
8
154
35
157
10
11
9
206
81
14
36
14
193
6
18
18
3
38
18
10
3
13
28
15
2
52
26
817
195
110
12,860
491
676
138
8,426
97
32
59
20
82
253
11
4
9
107
24
38
32
27
679
265
232
3
50
22
45
5
4
2
19
9
7
12
7
10
5
6
4
2
3
5
5
4
7
90
4
1
16
6
521
234
50
Domi-
nican
Rep.
El
Salvador
19,450
13,759
23
46
510
41
3
5
3
334
2
4
1
921
103
478
386
88
771
117
20
35
4
246
1
9
80
39
1
7
8
405
4
3
1
7
3
11
14
3
19
17
598
244
75
Guate-
mala
17,818
890
7,452
165
171
1,897
896
292
395
366
223
59
61
140
134
826
722
99
20
233
42
272
84
53
205
37
5
54
10
31
9
64
30
18
23
79
54
19
22
49
26
18
128
6
15
5
30
36
10
15
3
599
364
362
7,522
607
3,218
539
182
195
212
157
85
222
84
20
32
27
42
152
133
71
12
80
39
73
25
23
54
23
2
12
6
39
5
48
19
3
116
27
28
19
11
46
17
11
51
3
5
14
60
11
4
8
4
344
161
141
Haiti
15,667
6,001
33
97
2,717
11
15
1
7
6
1,470
2
5
51
55
655
955
165
80
1,356
10
65
4
34
4
2
418
22
3
1
55
1
3
1
India
2
6
1
131
16
801
110
290
Iran
18,812
1,844
868
1,927
49
671
190
290
634
136
458
255
66
431
487
419
415
258
564
491
81
56
221
410
192
959
310
129
9
157
192
60
57
90
37
97
54
34
107
21
66
25
35
4
87
167
52
106
56
141
71
3,245
820
211
See footnotes at end of table.
154
TABLE 51. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
AND SELECTED METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Metropolitan statistical area '
roui „
VewYork. NY
U)s Angeles-Long Beach, CA .
iHhicago, IL
Miami. FL
4ouston, TX
San Francisco, CA
Drange County, CA
Dakland. CA
{iverside-San Bernardino, CA
•Jewark, NJ
Jeattle-Bellevtie-Everett, WA
ian Diego. CA
Ian Jose. CA
{ergen-Passdc, NJ
Vashington, DC-MD-VA
lassau-Suffolk. NY
^oston-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA .
'hiladelphia, PA-NJ
srseyCity, NJ
ort Lauderdale, FL
as Vegas, NV
resno, CA
tianta, GA
■alias. TX
liddlesex-Sonwrset-Hunterdon, NJ
•etroit. MI
acramento, CA
onolulu. HI
ridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbuiy, CT
artford, CT
entura, CA
ui Antonio, TX
inneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI ...
ovidence-Warwick-Pawtucket,
akersfield, CA
loenix-Mesa, AZ
2nver, CO
odesto, CA
Ut Lake City-Ogden, UT
m Worth-Arlington. TX
RI.
isalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA
;no, NV
cAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
erced, CA
eveland-Lorain-EIyria, OH
;w Orleans, LA
Jstin-San Marcos, TX
Dckton-Lodi, CA
onmouth-Ocean, NJ
Jrfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA ,
her MSA
)n-MSA
iknown
Jamaica
18,746
9,677
165
146
969
92
9
6
16
16
809
20
12
5
521
304
732
135
368
48
1,440
7
I
218
19
168
52
5
13
429
977
3
9
15
2
5
5
35
5
9
71
35
974
142
49
Korea
13,996
1,826
3,124
670
15
147
256
580
254
149
96
648
67
176
494
449
163
80
369
56
27
141
16
265
100
94
74
77
383
21
36
49
38
35
18
31
21
89
7
28
19
3
31
1
5
40
7
31
1
25
55
1,923
606
80
Laos
8,092
1
90
119
14
41
60
129
356
47
2
504
184
38
3
26
4
34
55
27
1,116
80
44
81
406
80
25
23
614
136
3
6
96
118
117
72
201
2
471
7
1
2
131
1
1
1,627
338
553
Mexico
134,494
950
31,943
11,416
250
7,696
1.747
5,335
2,447
6,954
61
473
4,825
1,853
128
149
41
47
68
50
92
2,572
2,727
497
2,246
65
213
753
50
60
13
2,085
2,133
129
28
1,749
1,469
844
1,194
545
952
1,442
962
1,800
1,005
39
43
593
659
45
34
15,018
10,581
5,424
Philip-
pines
28,075
1,249
4,885
1,077
50
361
2,011
576
1,524
484
350
995
1,373
797
387
280
162
84
238
388
45
437
91
88
79
281
135
220
1,537
62
33
258
87
77
46
184
78
57
28
51
29
53
242
8
18
75
33
30
189
146
488
2,697
2,564
358
Poland
7,553
887
107
3.107
12
38
10
38
31
13
242
95
10
28
358
23
128
54
113
81
23
27
2
10
18
139
156
14
1
74
435
2
7
21
45
2
23
31
10
9
73
4
2
48
3
738
161
95
Russia
7,172
2,564
755
332
22
38
250
28
61
5
141
270
58
87
122
96
45
159
159
21
16
1
9
38
24
77
35
86
2
67
57
5
10
132
15
7
10
81
1
143
5
12
12
917
82
107
United
Kingdom
11,418
1,472
1.118
298
114
228
861
171
465
130
134
439
123
224
102
159
143
298
178
40
127
80
33
135
61
131
68
76
141
133
106
86
39
56
35
24
51
41
20
52
41
6
25
3
10
78
29
32
9
67
57
1,958
794
117
Vietnam
33349
497
3,838
486
19
1,704
1,244
3,913
1,440
410
94
1,764
646
2,578
5
703
64
540
717
80
25
122
125
410
337
69
71
555
346
84
100
93
102
436
29
17
77
255
61
285
310
3
79
6
82
544
208
128
20
137
4.907
1,247
1,337
Ranked by number of persons naturalized. See Glossary for definition of metropolitan statistical area.
>10TE: The Unknown' category may be large for certain characteristics. For explanation, see NaturaUzations section of text on Limitauons of Data.
Represents zero.
Other
204,185
34,641
18,460
5,893
4.452
3,399
3,580
2,323
2,907
1,439
4,288
3,028
1,143
1,649
2,951
3,256
2,412
2,873
2,677
2,426
1,635
1,030
572
2,068
971
1,618
2,753
854
511
1,368
1.134
391
309
1,100
1,598
179
450
625
553
745
379
124
235
21
211
952
691
359
252
597
475
17,813
5,327
52,488
155
TABLE 52. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Occupation
Execu-
Precision
Opera-
No occu-
Region and country of
former allegiance
Total
Total
Profes-
sional
tive,
admini-
stration.
Sales
Admini-
strative
produc-
tion,
craft.
tors,
fabri-
cators.
Farming,
forestry,
and
Service
pation
or not
specialty
and man-
agerial
support
and
repair
and
laborers
fishing
reported '
All countries
598,225
66,850
334383
34,767
37,137
6,169
31,078
4313
25,907
2,686
53,604
5,881
30,176
3330
79,936
6349
5,158
183
71387
5,856
263,842
32,083
Albania
399
274
15
13
16
31
31
68
2
98
125
Bulgaria
288
172
32
16
11
17
21
40
1
34
116
Czechoslovakia, former
372
202
39
23
12
21
22
42
2
41
170
Czech Republic
16
12
1
5
1
2
2
1
-
-
4
Slovak RepubUc
33
16
4
3
3
1
1
2
-
2
17
Unknown republic
323
174
34
15
8
18
19
39
2
39
149
France
1,281
807
181
158
79
134
35
90
6
124
474
Germany
2,588
1,432
238
234
131
278
106
240
4
201
1,156
Greece
1,645
861
84
157
72
96
112
151
I
188
784
Hungary
488
305
63
25
20
44
46
46
2
59
183
Ireland
1,682
1,027
236
156
63
173
139
92
1
167
655
Italy
2,282
1,368
141
274
105
207
158
237
10
236
914
Latvia
200
96
25
14
4
23
6
10
14
104
Netherlands
577
350
72
72
33
70
19
38
4
42
227
Poland
7,553
3,466
401
266
194
380
493
998
20
714
4,087
Portugal
3,769
2,373
162
187
111
246
261
971
47
388
1,396
Romania
2,573
1,290
207
92
112
162
169
283
3
262
1,283
Soviet Union, former
25,965
11,526
2,426
1,018
869
2,103
1.117
1,953
28
2,012
14,439
Armenia
4,151
1,958
122
139
184
444
228
405
4
432
2,193
Belarus
856
332
65
27
24
73
44
39
1
59
524
Moldova
711
333
92
27
21
73
28
32
1
59
378
Russia
7,172
3,429
883
337
244
613
299
473
9
571
3,743
Ukraine
6,415
2,642
562
247
173
483
272
436
3
466
3,773
Uzbekistan
329
168
25
13
16
45
23
17
-
29
161
Other republics
476
276
59
18
27
46
26
43
-
57
200
Unknown republic
5,855
2388
618
210
180
326
197
508
10
339
3,467
Spain
671
375
62
46
28
57
29
75
12
66
296
Sweden
201
110
23
30
10
20
4
13
1
9
91
Switzerland
290
183
41
45
13
34
8
23
3
16
107
United Kingdom
11,418
7,030
1,496
1,297
682
1,589
370
692
24
880
4,388
Yugoslavia, former
1,640
977
92
97
66
111
147
226
5
233
663
Croatia
222
130
9
12
8
21
24
32
-
24
92
Macedonia
214
131
8
10
7
7
19
53
-
27
83
Other
56
28
6
2
2
3
2
10
-
3
28
Unknown
1,148
688
69
73
49
80
102
131
5
179
460
Other Europe
968
543
133
93
55
85
37
61
7
72
425
Asia
169,658
92,204
14,570
11,626
9380
15,053
7,126
17,782
636
16,131
77,454
Afghanistan
1,724
880
73
102
183
149
52
150
3
168
844
Bangladesh
3,122
2,364
178
334
359
364
132
444
6
547
758
Burma
484
284
32
15
30
69
28
58
-
52
200
Cambodia
4,936
1,914
143
96
130
250
199
741
17
338
3,022
China, People's Republic
17,552
8,901
1,161
935
758
1,197
1,224
1,334
23
2,269
8,651
India
18,812
11,545
2,910
2,082
1,193
1,763
468
2.020
69
1,040
7,267
Indonesia
462
302
56
40
27
66
22
44
-
47
160
Iran
10,553
5,830
1,246
1.185
735
1,093
266
590
16
699
4,723
Iraq
1,519
653
78
51
167
119
49
99
12
78
866
Israel
1,918
1,119
249
282
156
163
67
112
2
88
799
Japan
1,108
607
103
129
58
129
16
68
4
100
501
Jordan
1,795
893
116
217
156
97
42
136
1
128
902
Korea
13,996
6311
721
1,657
704
1,034
393
778
23
1,001
7,685
Kuwait
234
122
26
26
20
8
3
26
-
13
112
Laos
8,092
3354
216
82
205
435
400
1,471
39
506
4,7.38
Lebanon
2,796
1,511
242
279
205
199
125
236
5
220
1,285
Malaysia
377
234
45
47
26
54
7
22
1
32
143
Pakistan
6,430
4,162
471
860
643
570
305
817
20
476
2.268
Phihppines
28,075
18,564
3,869
1,225
1,702
4,136
1,292
2.424
170
3,746
9,511
Sri Lanka
486
1,370
350
639
94
116
53
89
37
86
70
77
13
66
38
117
3
2
42
86
136
Syria
731
Taiwan
6,489
3,471
879
818
348
664
80
273
10
399
3,018
Thailand
1.808
1,118
169
151
88
171
71
184
5
279
690
Turkey
1,341
784
114
150
89
99
79
137
3
113
557
Vietnam
33,349
15,776
1,217
623
1,083
1,978
1,703
5,400
199
3,573
17,573
See foomoles at end of table.
156
TABLE 52. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Region and country of
former allegiance
Total
Occupation
Total
Profes-
sional
specialty
Execu-
tive,
admini-
stration,
and man-
agerial
Sales
Admini-
strative
support
Precision
produc-
tion,
craft,
and
repair
Opera-
tors,
fabri-
cators,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
Service
No occu-
pation
ornot
reported '
Yemen
Other Asia
ifrica «...«......-.
Cape Verde
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Sudan
Other Africa
>ceaiiia „.„....„....„.
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Tonga
Other Oceania
lorth America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean ....
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Central America ................
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
outh America
^gentina
Bohvia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
juyana
Peru
Uruguay
v'enezuela
3ther South America
:ateless
ot reported
443
387
13,862
347
2,021
399
1,813
1,418
350
657
483
3,292
211
396
559
216
1,700
1,655
275
628
214
330
208
257,027
6,094
134,494
78,263
714
303
1,873
12,860
535
19,450
1,136
15,667
18,746
540
429
737
5,273
38,176
1,280
1,488
17,818
7.522
4,022
4,178
1,868
39,475
2,112
980
2,192
1,291
10,911
7,129
7,008
5,898
599
1,156
199
293
49,405
309
207
9,586
207
1,259
235
1,168
1,094
209
481
323
2,509
183
310
349
141
1,118
1,068
168
431
144
219
106
169,298
3,584
87.756
51,275
542
223
1,510
5,627
383
10,607
922
11,265
14,873
408
326
585
4,004
26,683
848
957
13,347
5,112
2,487
2,691
1,241
27,052
1,384
679
1,421
888
7,353
4,626
5,246
4,182
415
726
132
172
236
5
4!
2,073
31
182
20
141
218
55
89
29
826
7
82
116
17
260
146
48
42
36
10
10
11,509
960
3,483
5,453
62
30
144
557
45
592
107
1,095
2,124
47
30
58
562
1,613
108
109
585
275
145
238
153
2,587
225
82
213
134
593
263
509
375
38
142
13
48
35
58
40
1,214
1
226
17
78
75
42
41
61
333
36
20
79
24
181
136
42
38
26
21
9
11,221
790
5.091
3,470
35
16
89
586
40
862
45
327
1,067
35
22
31
315
1,870
65
78
837
366
143
274
107
2,529
227
67
233
101
631
331
346
387
67
119
20
18
21
64
28
790
5
130
19
144
71
14
27
34
167
20
20
31
13
95
79
14
35
11
10
9
10,853
333
4,554
4,125
57
31
116
629
35
1,035
64
640
1,077
52
29
55
305
1,841
51
81
821
308
196
286
98
2,173
118
58
112
80
562
321
498
303
26
84
11
10
36
62
37
1,359
9
175
34
174
144
45
92
31
329
16
67
60
15
168
198
26
76
26
42
28
25,774
641
10,701
9,881
125
60
452
1,152
58
1,718
218
1,455
3,308
85
72
141
1,037
4,551
235
169
2,003
808
372
591
373
5,289
267
113
245
155
1,184
819
1,457
792
80
158
19
23
27
13
11
433
11
56
13
64
64
7
29
11
72
4
16
10
15
61
77
7
39
II
13
7
16,600
170
9,434
4,537
82
10
148
461
55
986
106
793
1,326
46
47
71
406
2,459
64
97
1,279
473
273
172
101
2,570
HI
66
103
82
673
594
499
347
48
27
20
14
26
46
17
1,635
115
208
62
285
182
23
54
71
290
65
36
36
29
179
198
17
81
20
61
19
48,280
401
33,352
8,110
36
16
125
1,058
55
2,603
57
2,426
1,265
33
40
35
361
6,417
114
200
3,466
1,403
601
497
136
5,614
197
102
212
147
1,902
1,336
516
1,037
72
75
18
30
48
24
3
1
5
2
1
2
3
6
12
5
3
438
17
3,832
153
3
2
2
26
3
25
56
20
6
1
1
8
206
130
42
19
6
I
93
5
1
9
4
28
15
9
17
3
1
1
58
33
2,058
35
279
69
277
338
23
148
84
489
35
69
16
28
168
222
14
116
14
57
21
40,853
272
17,309
15,546
142
58
434
1,158
92
2,786
325
4,473
4,686
104
85
193
1,010
7,726
211
215
4,226
1,437
738
627
272
6,197
234
190
294
185
1,780
947
1,412
924
81
120
30
29
41
134
180
4,276
140
762
164
645
324
141
176
160
783
28
86
210
75
582
587
107
197
70
111
102
87,729
2,510
46,738
26,988
172
80
363
7,233
152
8,843
214
4,402
3,873
132
103
152
1,269
11,493
432
531
4,471
2,410
1,535
1,487
627
12,423
728
301
771
403
3,558
2,503
1,762
1,716
184
430
67
121
49,169
Includes homemakers. students, unemployed or retired persons, and others not reporting or with an unknown occupation.
OTE: The 'Not reported' category may be large for certain characteristics. For explanation, see Naturalizations section of text on Limitations of Data.
- Represents zero.
157
TABLE 53. PERSONS NATURALIZED IN FISCAL YEAR 1997 BY CALENDAR YEAR OF ENTRY
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
Region and country
of birth
Total
1997
and
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
Before
1985
All countries
Europe
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia, fmr.
Czech Republic
Slovak Repubhc ....
Unknown republic .
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Armenia
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic .
Spain
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former ...
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Croatia
Other
Unknown
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Biuma
Cambodia
China, People's Rep.
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
PhiUppines
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
598^25
67,783
419
356
470
10
26
434
1,261
2,946
1,885
568
1,835
2,445
475
8,037
4,278
3,043
28,516
3,037
8,200
5,971
2,022
9,286
756
329
6,900
1,776
50
212
217
1,297
1,488
193,608
1,839
3,577
578
5,180
20,947
4,752
21,206
575
11,434
1,621
2,034
1,283
1,835
16,056
404
8,630
3,041
428
7,266
30,898
547
1,638
6,455
2,287
1,575
36,178
631
713
3,874
1,034
5
19
2
7
14
6
21
1
10
1
21
2
72
791
2
735
7
41
6
2
20
11
2
4
5
29
1,717
2
49
3
678
11
93
1
6
4
29
20
9
172
3
21
2
149
243
10
19
2
12
63
95
21
2,799
149
1
1
7
1
1
2
3
13
2
32
53
41
1
10
2
1
1
12
941
1
35
1
1
278
4
100
3
11
6
206
7
1
6
2
70
118
7
7
1
2
30
37
2
2,873
280
6
10
5
5
6
4
2
6
4
9
1
32
6
21
114
1
85
5
3
20
4
2
26
16
1
2
3
10
6
1,131
2
48
5
4
115
23
162
21
8
13
16
34
80
12
4
20
3
70
376
1
15
20
9
14
38
7
II
13,189
1,395
17
44
24
4
20
51
52
44
31
19
31
8
224
24
136
383
22
174
63
22
102
18
11
137
96
6
13
7
70
45
7,314
28
139
27
23
922
182
768
12
181
96
152
23
282
231
73
18
303
30
360
2,672
17
131
295
33
107
135
19
55
16,526
3,561
48
24
22
2
1
19
68
60
36
22
67
41
10
439
23
162
2,230
43
598
619
219
751
19
8
143
84
3
10
4
67
55
8,020
77
112
29
26
1,166
241
746
16
224
117
150
36
185
242
56
31
221
27
321
2,277
25
98
370
50
87
1,000
40
50
73,158
16,881
280
113
66
3
4
59
98
124
96
67
174
71
8
1,511
150
958
12,209
901
3,480
2,592
1,134
4,102
30
26
507
204
5
22
28
149
189
36,925
247
1,289
155
94
4,449
1,748
3,620
90
1,188
369
453
50
370
986
95
213
738
78
1,273
6,047
171
361
2,179
177
203
10,040
94
148
112,245
8,292
20
77
55
1
54
99
98
111
57
206
65
11
1,184
228
527
4,883
600
1,275
958
291
1,759
38
15
357
161
3
16
20
125
97
31,896
277
1,459
87
123
2,337
814
4,132
103
1,330
125
291
55
264
1,566
56
274
554
61
2,930
5,846
138
303
1,073
191
209
7,088
109
101
86,453
6,690
3
18
43
1
2
40
79
83
86
71
293
71
9
1,227
140
287
3,637
399
888
814
153
1,383
41
26
363
130
4
19
17
90
83
15,813
183
145
51
134
1,696
479
1,547
78
1,848
75
175
49
111
1,313
31
405
237
39
526
2,761
43
111
588
265
96
2,700
68
59
29,526
2,726
3
9
31
2
29
56
54
99
33
115
65
9
484
107
134
1,179
436
173
159
37
374
18
10
209
75
5
8
14
48
36
10,623
145
89
20
237
1,067
331
1,204
28
1,169
39
101
29
78
1.111
10
544
156
37
346
1.811
32
105
348
146
78
1,293
26
43
24,226
1,613
1
I
26
1
3
22
50
61
65
35
73
55
7
344
120
91
330
122
59
44
4
101
17
10
243
48
1
3
8
36
36
8,612
141
64
28
91
859
132
1,045
32
1,025
36
82
48
57
1,035
12
567
94
18
283
1,398
19
53
255
140
65
984
25
24
17378
1,088
I
4
27
27
32
54
39
19
35
49
8
276
85
78
61
11
12
12
4
22
25
18
213
38
1
6
4
27
26
7,002
142
37
22
123
624
90
862
18
701
16
72
22
36
910
7
626
58
20
156
1.024
13
27
214
108
43
999
9
23
15,999
967
1
14
1
13
44
53
22
19
30
40
10
220
100
90
51
3
19
13
2
14
8
7
197
45
1
4
13
27
16
6374
90
26
20
496
607
85
739
30
691
25
49
30
35
934
5
168
38
12
126
882
9
21
209
109
39
875
8
16
195362
22,554
31
25
154
3
6
145
642
2,250
1,264
184
805
1,894
387
2,019
3,273
427
2,385
473
622
621
93
576
527
178
4,416
851
18
107
93
633
842
55,528
488
73
131
3,764
6,031
578
6,023
167
3,000
705
360
881
356
7,187
35
5,579
582
98
615
5,022
77
395
849
1,040
613
10,635
88
156
See footnotes at end of table.
158
TABLE 53. PERSONS NATURALIZED IN FISCAL YEAR 1997 BY CALENDAR YEAR OF ENTRY
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH— Continued
Region and country
of birth
Total
1997
and
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
Before
1985
Un-
known
or not
re-
ported
Africa „
Cape Verde
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Uganda
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
Tonga
Other Oceania
North America ....
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent &
Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago .
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
EI Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
I Bolivia
I Brazil
I Chile
I Colombia
I Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Stateless
Not reported
Represents zero.
15,99«
573
2,238
393
1.994
1,588
4%
719
555
3,566
492
661
264
2,457
1310
261
711
336
502
273^54
6,639
142,569
'886
337
1,960
288
13,155
621
21,092
1,223
16,477
20,253
714
638
827
5,803
560
39,885
1,353
1,574
18,273
7,914
4,318
4,409
2,044
27
42,282
2,247
1,093
2,360
1,427
11,645
7,463
7,544
248
6,352
622
1,205
76
44
2,748
95
24
7
18
2
3
16
4
2
19
12
2
10
766
98
410
134
1
11
24
1
48
25
1
19
2
124
3
7
21
44
21
8
20
244
4
16
33
4
80
16
6
40
29
2
14
36
1
11
6
1
2
5
1
9
4
319
27
167
62
1
22
19
12
63
1
8
39
8
3
4
116
3
1
10
4
39
14
7
20
11
1,234
114
3
19
2
12
12
3
1
9
19
3
4
27
9
1
1
412
29
149
162
1
2
1
1
77
1
29
26
4
17
1
72
4
17
21
9
8
13
158
3
6
16
7
48
21
8
7
35
769
984
26
232
7
36
55
20
29
102
220
25
32
3
197
50
8
19
1
22
2,242
111
694
967
5
4
19
3
37
13
328
12
125
233
9
14
10
151
4
467
10
25
123
69
99
81
60
3
1,190
54
34
96
35
382
98
110
23
272
14
63
9
14
875
21
127
10
107
51
16
44
68
194
20
25
10
182
53
8
19
5
21
2,783
113
870
1,206
8
7
25
4
52
22
435
18
110
313
17
14
13
160
8
593
19
28
211
83
109
74
69
1
1,207
65
34
104
25
383
129
185
15
206
13
44
4
2
25
2,745
58
491
115
489
202
74
97
107
427
91
141
39
414
192
15
138
10
29
11,656
292
2,638
6,207
44
22
103
10
779
93
1,509
96
1,219
1,487
63
65
78
603
36
2,516
85
68
984
382
345
425
227
3
4,647
231
116
230
116
1,003
486
1,413
22
812
57
150
11
4
108
3,829
46
574
82
453
444
94
152
102
1,015
107
99
50
611
272
8
118
81
65
60,230
302
40,120
11,693
84
49
132
63
622
84
2,252
123
5,098
2,233
49
59
97
716
32
8,112
186
180
4,007
1,809
890
831
209
3
7,601
305
289
515
197
2,114
987
1,124
24
1,734
114
183
15
5
120
1,967
43
129
42
300
274
57
124
25
533
74
75
34
257
145
10
37
55
43
56,801
259
37,630
6,523
100
44
125
86
372
56
1,601
116
1,405
1,929
57
64
104
425
39
12,389
275
181
7,134
2,459
778
1,385
177
4,955
251
165
181
181
1,422
838
795
20
875
75
145
7
82
1,065
35
121
19
99
140
27
66
22
315
35
39
17
130
90
4
42
21
23
12,520
163
5,550
4,630
46
21
97
30
378
43
1,316
69
888
1,324
32
44
56
256
30
2,175
106
73
981
403
257
235
120
2
2,457
129
50
163
60
626
374
534
8
386
42
79
6
2
43
736
25
82
20
91
91
31
44
13
163
29
42
16
89
104
8
61
15
20
10,962
200
4,301
4,486
70
19
108
18
174
38
1,026
100
999
1,583
41
51
59
172
28
1,974
114
79
910
355
243
190
83
1
2,168
100
53
95
78
524
309
614
7
274
36
74
4
31
446
24
47
II
44
50
19
24
10
102
15
16
12
72
59
6
27
15
11
7,156
103
2,169
3,706
38
15
111
7
186
32
1,157
67
722
1,132
27
31
43
126
12
1,177
43
53
466
211
207
127
70
1
1,601
69
35
66
52
410
220
480
4
172
17
73
3
26
428
20
45
13
53
40
21
24
6
98
13
23
8
64
64
12
27
11
14
6,686
133
1,969
3,449
39
9
91
6
280
29
1,091
59
584
1,024
31
27
43
118
18
1,134
52
54
473
208
185
105
57
1
1,462
49
33
76
54
442
224
352
7
146
23
52
4
4
14
2,569
270
319
69
286
199
126
104
86
439
70
158
73
370
700
178
197
118
207
99,656
4,401
45,006
41,278
444
142
1,144
60
10,246
199
10,182
556
5,151
8,832
386
265
316
3,007
348
8,960
451
815
2,886
1,808
1,158
925
917
11
14300
976
258
742
604
4,133
3,729
1,888
51
1,375
227
304
13
26
229
107
1
17
3
11
12
5
7
3
20
5
5
2
16
56
1
25
4
26
1,765
408
896
331
6
3
4
27
72
5
80
100
2
2
3
25
2
129
9
6
52
23
9
12
18
1
176
8
3
33
10
39
18
28
25
2
10
1
47
159
TABLE 54, PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGLVNCE, AGE, AND SEX
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Age and sex
All
countries
China,
People's
Republic
Colombia
Cuba
Dominican
Republic
El
Salvador
Guatemala
Haiti
India
Total
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Not reported
Male
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 yean
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Female
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Unknown sex
Percent distribution
Male
Female
Unknown
Median age
Male
Female
See foouiotes at end of table.
598^25
22,104
10,903
45,494
64,781
87,657
90,061
74,287
53,640
38,714
31,198
24,634
19,096
12,307
10,909
12,436
4
257^87
3,467
3,846
18,578
29,479
42,615
42,631
33,849
23,708
16,457
12,853
10,064
7,710
4,801
3.852
3,677
303,497
3,593
5,049
25,020
33,152
42,484
44,868
38,026
28,051
20,670
17,005
13,457
10,514
6,911
6,518
8,179
37,141
100.0
43.1
50.7
6.2
38
38
39
17,552
109
432
1,526
1,491
1.864
1.822
1.659
1.266
979
838
983
1.082
919
1.051
1.531
734
28
201
722
551
659
763
775
609
490
392
448
484
417
425
430
10,147
80
231
803
939
1.203
1,058
883
656
489
444
534
598
502
626
1,101
11
100.0
42.1
57.8
.1
44
44
44
10,911
32
148
603
815
1,746
2,101
1,711
1,177
866
663
409
267
125
108
140
4,421
17
73
260
321
779
911
701
456
330
244
148
101
28
27
25
6,487
14
75
343
494
966
1.189
1,010
721
536
419
261
166
97
81
115
100.0
40.5
59.5
40
39
40
12,860
29
135
658
676
962
989
781
792
900
1,286
1,228
1,109
708
892
1,715
5,152
16
59
313
283
404
425
345
346
401
548
504
475
308
297
428
7,706
13
76
345
392
558
564
436
446
499
738
724
633
400
595
1,287
100.0
40.1
59.9
57
54
58
19,450
16
361
2,179
2,328
3,140
3,042
2,598
1,765
1,123
1,047
730
503
266
185
167
6,641
10
139
742
765
1.006
1.035
872
642
377
382
298
182
93
56
42
12,796
5
222
1,437
1,563
2,130
2,006
1,721
1,123
745
665
431
321
173
129
125
13
100.0
34.1
65.8
.1
37
38
37
17,818
24
290
1,384
1,883
3,300
3.791
2,964
1,792
962
569
338
201
108
90
122
7,608
13
95
527
854
1,627
1,777
1,233
694
365
195
95
58
25
24
26
10,208
II
195
857
1,029
1,673
2,013
1,731
1.098
597
373
243
143
83
66
96
100.0
42.7
57.3
37
36
38
7,522
16
104
468
711
1,304
1,476
1,191
895
534
331
168
125
67
77
55
3341
8
51
172
317
651
730
521
373
207
137
67
38
21
29
19
4,179
7
53
296
394
653
746
670
521
327
194
101
87
46
48
36
100.0
44.4
55.6
38
37
39
15,667
16
120
832
1,238
2,178
3,020
3,004
1,953
1.180
844
564
325
181
120
92
7,164
4
41
298
482
1,007
1,430
1.396
952
587
435
263
138
73
42
16
8,494
11
79
534
756
1.170
1,590
1,607
1,001
591
409
300
185
107
78
76
100.0
45.7
54.2
.1
40
41
40
18,812
63
404
1.717
1.886
2.822
3,038
2,718
1,996
1,329
921
685
468
271
261
233
10,457
26
183
823
888
1,537
1,902
1,652
1,113
743
515
395
262
146
136
136
8348
30
221
894
998
1,285
1,136
1,066
883
586
406
290
206
125
125
97
100.0
55.6
44.4
39
39
38
160
TABLE 54. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGUNCE, AGE, AND SEX
FISCAL YEAR 1997— Continued
Age and sex
Jamaica
Korea
Laos
Mexico
Philip-
pines
Poland
Russia
United
Kingdom
Vietnam
Other
Total ...
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Not reported
Male ..„
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Female
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ,
Unknown sex
Percent distribution .
Male
Female
Unknown
Median age ......
Male
Female
18,746
5
196
1,385
2,040
2,680
2,890
2,580
2,151
1,689
1,184
830
539
262
179
136
6,713
2
74
473
660
935
1,050
955
820
654
431
320
197
71
40
31
12,029
3
122
911
1,380
1,745
1,839
1,625
1,330
1,035
753
509
342
191
139
105
100.0
35.8
64.2
40
40
40
13,996
50
391
1,590
1,572
1,260
1,549
1,545
1,013
780
873
823
672
565
577
736
5,745
22
198
798
808
459
526
587
409
359
374
331
270
185
200
219
8,248
25
193
792
764
801
1,023
958
604
421
499
492
402
380
377
517
100.0
41.0
58.9
41
40
42
8,092
264
204
1,130
1,137
1,117
1,105
845
556
359
387
330
232
129
160
137
3,903
124
83
443
520
545
567
463
311
200
183
170
107
77
66
44
4,132
110
115
684
612
567
533
381
244
159
204
159
125
52
94
93
57
100.0
48.2
51.1
.7
35
36
34
134,494
292
1,110
7,661
19.182
28,537
24,546
17,336
11,034
7,709
5.585
4,131
2,700
1,679
1,430
1,562
67,980
131
323
2,627
10,490
16,741
13,466
8,654
5,188
3,263
2,415
1,790
1,077
733
557
525
66,473
151
786
5,031
8,691
11,793
11,076
8,679
5,839
4,443
3,170
2,338
1,622
945
873
1,036
41
100.0
50.5
49.4
36
36
37
28,075
141
286
1,964
3,332
3,812
4,401
3,710
2,397
1,656
1,210
1,037
1,262
1,009
1,000
858
9,953
69
124
844
1,179
1,253
1,484
1,330
916
660
463
379
398
319
274
261
18,102
59
162
1,120
2,152
2,559
2,914
2,380
1,480
996
746
658
863
690
726
597
20
100.0
35.5
64.5
.1
40
40
40
7,553
51
160
576
657
696
1,101
1,251
1,044
636
467
367
230
145
93
79
3325
23
85
263
321
274
462
555
521
290
189
147
79
48
30
38
4,203
19
71
312
336
422
638
692
521
342
278
220
151
97
63
41
25
100.0
44.0
55.6
.3
42
42
42
7,172
109
123
522
473
602
778
845
700
502
486
548
453
399
257
375
3,113
58
48
245
209
247
329
366
327
248
210
229
217
146
94
140
4,058
51
75
277
264
355
449
479
373
254
276
318
236
253
163
235
I
100.0
43.4
56.6
45
45
45
11,418
60
253
1,050
951
1,403
1,542
1,351
1,206
1,053
980
687
396
228
138
120
4,778
28
119
505
438
611
648
602
520
382
323
262
155
93
56
36
6,637
31
134
544
513
791
894
749
686
671
657
425
241
135
82
84
100.0
41.8
58.1
41
40
42
33349
448
1,077
5,798
5,762
3,954
2,951
2,642
2,446
1,996
1,884
1,430
1,187
632
498
644
15,961
194
473
2,804
2,851
1,962
1,289
1,128
1,018
1,063
1,012
738
695
323
203
208
17,209
192
590
2,976
2,890
1.974
1,657
1,506
1,415
926
867
686
491
308
295
436
179
100.0
47.9
51.6
.5
34
34
34
204,185
20,344
4,946
13,772
17,850
24,982
28,239
24,028
18,341
13,659
11,057
8,829
6,864
4,255
3,515
3,500
4
78,499
2,676
1,407
5,388
7,172
11,315
12,946
10,830
7,895
5,418
4,131
3,250
2.512
1,491
1,136
932
88,955
2,769
1,559
6,518
8,561
11,146
12,754
10,811
8,594
6,674
5,596
4,483
3,486
2,173
1,840
1,991
36,731
100,0
38.4
43.6
18.0
38
39
40
NOTE: The total number of naturalizations by country of former allegiance may be understated because some of the data were obtained from the INS' Central
Index System, in which this information is not collected. See the Naturalization section of the text for further explanation.
161
TABLE 55. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY AGE AND SEX
FISCAL YEARS 1988-97
Age and sex
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
Total
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Not repotted
Male
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Not reported
Female „....
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Not reported
Unknown sex
Percent distribution .
Male
Female
Unknown
Median age .
Male
Female
242,063
6,916
5,819
31,885
39,715
44,002
36,381
24,776
15,873
11,521
8,251
6,777
4,667
2,725
1,636
1,118
1
120,528
3,270
2,700
15,834
19,898
22,164
18,445
12,397
8.045
5,643
4,052
3,196
2,238
1,327
776
542
1
119,599
3,605
3,102
15,829
19,521
21,501
17,613
12,155
7,696
5,759
4,137
3,502
2,383
1,379
850
567
1,936
100.0
49.8
49.4
.8
34
34
34
233,777
6,336
5,783
29,799
37,723
42,938
35,795
24,710
15,368
11,099
7,863
6,479
4,695
2,610
1,558
1,012
9
115,825
3,103
2,693
14,591
18,582
21,710
18,276
12,320
7,684
5,405
3,795
3,019
2,203
1,227
726
488
3
117,837
3,232
3,089
15,193
19,121
21,208
17,502
12,379
7,676
5,686
4.065
3,454
2,492
1.381
831
523
5
115
lOO.O
49.5
50.4
Z
34
34
34
270,101
6.539
6,453
31,778
40,288
46,984
40,927
27,745
16,877
12,785
9,439
7,638
5,522
2,970
1,679
1,231
11,246
127,847
2,969
2,892
14,944
19,088
22,828
20,275
13,288
7,918
5,706
4,197
3,342
2,478
1,334
762
561
5,265
127,096
3,018
3,126
14,859
18,805
21,636
18,602
13,050
8,083
6,370
4,724
3,860
2.730
1,455
829
624
5.325
15,158
100.0
47.3
47.1
5.6
35
35
36
308,058
8.345
8,529
36,753
45,079
54,872
48,707
33.381
20.622
15.492
11,779
9,596
7,323
4,052
2,049
1,173
306
151,620
3,900
3,878
17.836
22.059
28.049
24.911
16.568
10.056
7.368
5,496
4,462
3,442
1,916
1,007
563
109
150,140
3,747
4,463
18,183
22,104
25,815
22,907
16.196
10,207
7.865
6.106
4.990
3.777
2.061
1.009
590
120
6,298
100.0
49.2
48.7
2.0
35
35
35
240,252
7,105
5,751
25,790
34,207
42,074
36,459
25,108
16,155
11,883
9,610
8,738
8,614
5,275
2,376
1,103
4
120,430
3,499
2,503
12.271
16.836
21.667
18.927
12.447
7.906
5,394
4.298
4.176
5,150
3,337
1,445
572
2
114,273
3,240
3,044
12.807
16.600
19.478
16.673
12.091
7.905
6.255
5.138
4.413
3,356
1,859
896
516
2
5,549
100.0
50.1
47.6
2.3
36
36
36
314,681
8,854
6.812
31.357
37.957
47,913
45,436
33,471
23.969
18.854
17.165
14.664
12.979
8.642
4.314
2,273
21
155,910
4,428
3,244
15,032
18.572
24,405
23,259
16,741
11,483
8,461
7,591
6,783
7,106
5,096
2,566
1,130
13
157,980
4,228
3,543
16,278
19,334
23,445
22,110
16,643
12,427
10,335
9,537
7,840
5,850
3,529
1,741
1,134
6
791
100.0
49.5
50.2
.3
37
36
37
434,107
9,814
8,728
41,618
49,404
61,786
62.349
49.136
37.313
29.030
25.678
20.879
17.139
11,763
5,856
3,595
19
205,671
4,768
4,024
19,342
23,323
30,001
30,638
23,780
17,377
12,761
11,042
9,108
8,594
6,280
3,059
1,567
7
221,367
4,743
4.428
21,357
25,388
30.886
30.776
24.530
19.334
15.851
14.255
11.471
8.342
5.315
2,714
1,967
10
7,069
100.0
47.4
51.0
1.6
38
37
38
488,088
7,294
8,864
41,764
50,632
65,856
70,654
59,132
45,120
33,934
30,558
24,666
20,153
14,653
8,408
6,277
123
230,754
3,369
4,051
19,531
24,029
32,571
35,442
28,961
21,395
15,221
13,318
10,947
8,898
6,708
3,805
2,439
69
253,698
3,430
4,715
22,031
26,319
32,935
34,823
29.825
23.438
18.433
16.953
13.510
11.072
7,828
4.536
3.798
52
3.636
100.0
47.3
52.0
.7
39
38
39
1,044,689
15,159
14,543
74,432
101.607
140.715
152,774
129,105
97.817
73.562
63.648
53,554
45,430
34,408
20,203
18,216
9,516
457,273
4,900
5,745
30,519
44,839
68,239
73,244
59,595
43,716
30,748
25,957
21,880
17.963
13.203
7,290
5,566
3,869
522,101
5,237
7,435
39,255
50,775
65,448
72,136
63.013
48.737
37.853
33.451
28.032
24.373
18.859
11.621
11,582
4.294
65.315
100.0
43.8
50.0
6.2
40
39
40
- Represents zero. Z Rounds to less than .05 percent.
162
VI. ENFORCEMENT
This section provides information about actions tal<en by the immigration and
Naturalization Service to prevent illegal entry into the United States and to
apprehend and remove deportable aliens from the United States.
Enforcement of Immigration
Laws
Dakota; Buffalo in New York; Swanton in Vermont;
Detroit in Michigan; Ramey in Puerto Rico; and Houlton
in Maine.
The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) has the
initial responsibility for determining who may be admitted
to the United States. The INS also has the responsibility
for enforcing immigration laws within the United States
and on the borders. These responsibilities include locating
and arresting aliens who are in violation of the
Immigration and Nationality Act (IN A) (see Appendix 1,
p. A. 1-12), i.e., aliens attempting an illegal entry, aliens
who successfully complete an illegal entry, and aliens who
entered the United States legally but have since lost their
legal status. The arrests are known as apprehensions.
Almost all of the work involved in locating and arresting
aliens is done by cither Border Patrol agents or
Investigations special agents. The custody and processing
of apprehended aliens is a joint effort involving arresting
agents, INS attorneys, and detention and deportation
officers. Aliens refused admission or apprehended may be
removed from the United States as described below.
Border Patrol
The primary mission of the U.S. Border Patrol is to secure
the 8,000 miles of land and water boundaries of the United
States between ports of entry. The major objectives of the
Border Patrol are to prevent illegal entry into the United
States, interdict drug smugglers and other criminals, and
compel those persons seeking admission to present
themselves legally at ports of entry for inspection. The
INS "prevention through deterrence" strategy calls for
deploying Border Patrol agents along the border to prevent
and deter illegal entry, rather than apprehending
undocumented immigrants after they have entered the
United States. Border Patrol operations are divided into 21
sectors. The southwest border covers four states
(California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas) and divides
into nine sectors: San Diego and El Centre in California;
Yuma and Tucson in Arizona; El Paso sector covering
New Mexico and the western-most portion of Texas; and
Marfa, Del Rio, Laredo, and McAUen in Texas. The
remaining 12 sectors are: Livermore in California; New
Orleans in Louisiana; Miami in Florida; Havre in Montana;
Blaine and Spokane in Washington; Grand Forks in North
Investigations Program
The Investigations Program focuses on the enforcement of
immigration laws within the interior of the United States.
Special agents plan and conduct investigations of persons
and events subject to the administrative and criminal
provisions of the INA. As immigration officers, they must
not only enforce the INA to bring about administrative or
criminal punitive actions, but also have an obligation to
inform, assist, and serve the alien and citizen public
whenever appropriate. Agents use both traditional and
modem technological methods, including forensic science,
to investigate violations of immigration law and aliens
involved in criminal activities. They often work as team
members in multi-agency task forces against violent crime,
document fraud, narcotic trafficking, and various forms of
organized crime. They also seek to identify aliens who are
incarcerated and deportable as a result of their criminal
convictions. In addition. Agents monitor and inspect work
sites to apprehend unauthorized alien workers and to
impose sanctions against employers who knowingly
employ them. Apprehensions at places of employment
may result in removals from the workplace and also can
result in removal from the United States.
More than 51,000 criminal aliens
were removed during 1997.
Removals
Removals proceedings encompass the actions that lead to
the formal removal of an alien from the United States when
the presence of that alien is deemed inconsistent with the
public welfare. The INS has several options in removing an
alien from the United States. Traditionally, these options
included deportation, voluntary departure and exclusion;
however, the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant
Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA, see Appendix 1, p.
A. 1-23) made major revisions to these procedures that were
effective on April 1, 1997. Deportation and exclusion
proceedings were consolidated as removal proceedings
163
Thousands
2,000-1
Chart R
Aliens Apprehended: Fiscal Years 1951-97
1951 1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1997
Source: Table 58. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
(with voluntary departure continuing as an option at
government convenience). The most significant change was
the new authority for expedited removals.
Most removals proceedings are conducted before an
immigration judge. Possible outcomes of an immigration
hearing include removal, adjustment to a legal status, or a
termination of proceedings. Some aliens abscond before or
after the hearing. Decisions of the immigration judge can
be appealed to the Board of Immigration Appeals.
Under expedited removal an immigration officer may
determine that an arriving alien is inadmissible because the
alien engaged in fraud or misrepresentation or because the
alien lacks valid documents. The officer can order the
alien removed without further hearing or review unless the
alien states a fear of persecution or an intention to apply
for asylum. Officers refer aliens who make such pleas to
an asylum officer and the case may eventually be argued
before an immigration judge.
The penalties associated with formal removal include not
only the removal but possible fines, imprisonment for up to
10 years, and a bar to future legal entry for up to 20 years.
The imposition and extent of these penalties depends upon
the circumstances of the case.
164
Voluntary departure
In some cases, an apprehended alien may be offered a
voluntary departure. This procedure is common with non-
criminal aliens who are apprehended by the Border Patrol
during an attempted illegal entry. They agree that their
entry was illegal, waive their right to a hearing, remain in
custody, and are removed under supervision. Some aliens
apprehended within the United States agree to voluntarily
depart and pay the expense of departing. These departures
may be granted by an immigration judge or, in some
circumstances, by an INS District Director. Aliens who
have agreed to a voluntary departure can be legally
admitted in the future without penalty. Although such
departures are called "voluntary departures," they are
required and verified.
Data Overview: Apprehensions
(Tables 56. 57, 58, 59)
Aliens are apprehended under three INS programs —
Border Patrol, Investigations, and Inspections — the largest
of these programs by far is the Border Patrol. In fiscal
year 1997, the INS apprehended 1,536,520 aliens. Of this
number, the Border Patrol made 1,412,953 apprehensions,
of which 97 percent were made along the southwest
border. During the fiscal year 1986-97 period, the Border
Patrol accounted for between 92 to 97 percent of total
apprehensions, Investigations for 3 to 8 percent, and
Examinations for less than 1 percent. The program
proportions shifted slightly between the Border Patrol and
Investigations in 1997, with the Border Patrol making 92
percent of total apprehensions, while 8 percent came from
Investigations. In 1996 the Border Patrol accounted for 94
percent of apprehensions and Investigations accounted for
6 percent.
Southwest border apprehensions (Table 58)
Southwest border apprehensions were an all-time record
1,615,844 in fiscal year 1986 and then decreased 3
consecutive years immediately following enactment of the
Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 (see
Appendix 1, p. A. 1-19). This legislation allowed 2.7
million formerly illegal aliens to become legal immigrants,
established sanctions against employers who hire illegal
aliens, and an increase in the size of the Border Patrol.
The number of apprehensions reached a low of 852,506 in
1989 and has generally increased since then. The only
years with annual decreases were 1994 and 1997. The
number of southwest border apprehensions in 1997 was
1,368,707, a 9 percent decrease compared to fiscal year
1996.
Border Operations
Several major INS operations have had an impact on
apprehensions over the years. These operations typically
deploy agents nearer the border at strategic locations in
order to deter illegal entry. The number of apprehensions
tend to decrease in the targeted areas and increase in
surrounding sectors.
The first initiative was Operation Hold-the-Line, in El
Paso, beginning in September 1993. The second,
Operation Gatekeeper, began in San Diego in October
1994. These two sectors accounted for two out of every
three apprehensions along the southwest border in fiscal
year 1993. The percentage dropped to 50 percent of the
total in 1995, and was approximately 30 percent in fiscal
year 1997.
The number of apprehensions in El Centro, CA and
Tucson, AZ, the sectors east of San Diego, increased
following introduction of Operation Gatekeeper. The
number of apprehensions in Tucson increased from
139,000 in fiscal year 1994 to 272,000 in fiscal year 1997.
El Centro increased from 28,000 in fiscal year 1994 to
146,000 in 1997. McAUen surpassed El Paso as the
leading sector in number of apprehensions in Texas
following Operation Hold-the-Line in fiscal year 1994,
going from 124,000 in 1994 to 244,000 in 1997. Reacting
to the increases, the INS began a new operation in
McAllen in August 1997 called Operation Rio Grande.
Nationality (Table 57)
The INS began collecting and reporting the nationality of
every apprehended alien in fiscal year 1987. Nationals of
190 countries were apprehended in 1997 — aliens from
Mexico predominated in the statistics, accounting for 96.2
percent of the total. The next largest source countries were
El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, the Dominican
Republic, Canada, Colombia, Jamaica, Cuba, Ecuador, and
Nicaragua.
Data Overview: Investigations
(Table 60)
Investigations workload is divided among four
categories — criminal, worksite enforcement, fraud, and
anti-smuggling.
Criminal
Criminal cases have historically represented the largest
proportion of the total Investigations workload, for
example, they account for 85 percent of cases completed
in 1997. These cases have steadily increased over the
years from 37,062 cases in 1991 to 74,612 in 1997, more
than doubling. The targets of these investigations include
large scale organizations engaged in ongoing criminal
activity in violation of Title 8 or Title 18, U.S.C. or
similar laws, including those pertaining to narcotics and
terrorism. Criminal cases also include individual aliens
convicted of a crime or crimes rendering them subject to
INS action, aliens arrested for the commission of an
aggravated felony, aliens involved in activities considered
contrary to the security of the United States, and aliens
included in certain immoral classes. Defendants
prosecuted in 1997 decreased 2 percent compared to the
number in 1996, while the number of defendants
convicted was down 7 percent.
Worksite enforcement
The focus of work site enforcement is employers of aliens
who are not authorized to work. Immigration law prohibits
the unlawful employment of aliens and provides for
penalties and fines against employers who hire, recruit, or
refer aliens to employment for a fee. Employer cases may
involve criminal or administrative investigations as well as
general inspections. Employer cases may also originate as
referrals from the Department of Labor. Total work site
cases completed dropped annually from 7,403 cases in
fiscal year 1991 to 5,283 in 1995, and 5,149 cases in 1996,
then rose to a high of 7,537 in 1997. The number of arrests
rose significantly from 7,554 in fiscal year 1994 to 17,553
in 1997, an increase of 132 percent. In addition, the
number of warnings to employers in 1997 (733) increased
10 percent compared to the number issued in 1996.
Notices of intent to fine (862) decreased 15 percent while
the number of final orders (771) was down by 5 percent.
165
Fraud investigations
Fraud investigations seek to penetrate fraud schemes of all
sizes and complexity that are used to violate immigration
and related laws, or to shield the true status of illegal aliens
in order to obtain entitlement benefits from federal, state,
or local agencies. Fraud cases completed in fiscal year
1997 increased 1 1 percent when compared to 1996. Of the
4,843 fraud cases completed in fiscal year 1997, 70 percent
pertained to individuals involved in immigration fraud, 2
percent to large-scale organizations, 21 percent to
facilitators, .5 percent to entitlement fraud, and the
remaining 6.5 percent to special projects and civil
document fraud (INA 274C). The majority of fraud cases
involved immigration fraud stemming from aliens
misrepresenting themselves through the misuse or absence
of documents.
Anti-smuggling activities
Anti-smuggling activities of the INS include the detection,
apprehension, and prosecution of alien smuggling
operations. The target of these investigations are persons
or entities who bring, transport, harbor, or smuggle illegal
aliens into or within the United States. The targets include
violators with a substantial volume of smuggled aliens or
revenues from the smuggling activity, e.g., organized
conspiracies consisting of four or more persons, and
individuals such as freelance operators who smuggle
infrequently or independently, or non-professional
violators who smuggle relatives, household employees, or
employees of small businesses. The INS arrested 35,084
smuggled aliens in fiscal year 1997, a 49 percent decrease
from the high of 68,203 in 1995.
Data Overview: Removals
(Tables 61-69)
The most complete picture of adverse actions involving
individual aliens includes aliens who withdraw when
presented with evidence of their inadmissibility, aliens who
are allowed to voluntarily depart, and aliens who are
formally removed with consequent penalties. The following
table summarizes the activities in fiscal year 1997:
Number of aliens
Withdrew application for admission 556,966
Accepted offer of voluntary departure 1 ,439,983
Formally removed (with penalties) 1 14,060
Withdrawal
An Immigration Inspector makes the decision to grant a
withdrawal at a port of entry. The Inspector also has the
authority to put an arriving alien in expedited removal
proceedings (discussed below). The INS has very little
automated data on the characteristics of those that are
granted a withdrawal. The statistics of total withdrawals
have been significantly revised from previous Yearbooks.
Current data indicate that there were 595,384 withdrawals
in fiscal year 1995 and 597,220 in 1996. In 1997,
Inspectors referred an additional 22,470 aliens to hearings
before an immigration judge. There were 19,329 such
referrals in 1995 and 25,529 in 1996.
Voluntary departure (Tables 61, 62)
More than 97 percent of voluntary departures involve
aliens who are apprehended by the Border Patrol and
removed quickly. This statistic includes recidivists and
thus is a measure of events rather than unique individuals.
The INS does not currently have a centralized automated
information system with the characteristics of most of
these aliens. There are, however, characteristics for
approximately 74,000 aliens who admitted that they had
been in the United States for longer than 3 days. Of this
group, approximately 99 percent were aliens from Mexico;
their median age was 24 years, and 94 percent were male.
These aliens are probably similar to the rest of the
voluntary departures but they have been in the United
States for a longer period; 35 percent had been here longer
than a year and another 42 percent had been here longer
than a month but less than one year. One other
characteristic distinguishes this longer-staying group (but
not all voluntary departures); the INS located 22 percent of
these aliens in institutions (generally, county jails). Those
found in incarceration were granted a witnessed voluntary
departure because their crimes were minor or local
authorities declined to prosecute.
Formal removal (Table 61)
In fiscal year 1997 the number of formal removals was up
dramatically from previous years. This increase is the
result of increased resources available to the program in
recent years and the implementation of expedited removal
procedures after April 1, 1997. The following table
illustrates the impact of expedited removals (a subset of
total removals):
Fiscal year
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
X Not applicable.
Total
Expedited
removals
removals
42,452
X
45,524
X
50,672
X
69,317
X
114,060
23,487
The INS collects more data on the characteristics of aliens
with a formal removal than it does for the other categories
of removal.
166
Country of citizenship (Tables 64, 65)
Aliens with a formal removal came from 164 countries
in fiscal year 1997; 34 countries had more than 100
aliens removed from the United States. However, just 8
countries accounted for almost 92 percent of all formal
removals. These same 8 countries have been the top
countries for several years with approximately 88
percent or more of all formal removals each year since
1993.
Crime
Number
removed
Percent of
total crimes
Country
Number
removed
Number of
criminals
Mexico 86,208
El Salvador 3,865
Honduras 3,820
Guatemala 3,495
Dominican
Republic 2,669
Colombia 2,014
Jamaica 1,783
Canada 696
39,098
1,538
1,101
811
1,967
1,499
1,222
393
Criminal activity (Table 65)
The passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act
in 1986 helped the INS focus on the removal of those
aliens determined to be the greatest threat to society. In
fiscal year 1986 the INS removed 1,978 aliens for
criminal violations (4 percent of all removals). The
removal of criminal aliens has increased greatly since
then. The 1997 removal of 51,141 criminals is the largest
total ever, and an increase of 37 percent over 1996. The
8 countries that account for most of the removals also are
the countries that accounted for 93 percent of criminals
the INS removed from the United States in 1997. They
have been the leading countries in this category for
several years with 91 percent or more of all criminals
removed each year since 1993. One significant change
within the group is that the number of criminal aliens
from Canada has fallen from 1,065 in 1993 to 393 in
1997. Since 1986, the INS has devoted an increasing
proportion of resources to drug interdiction at the border
and to interagency cooperative task forces designed to
eliminate trafficking in illegal drugs within the United
States. The ENS also has increased its cooperation with
other law enforcement agencies to ensure that aliens
convicted of crimes and incarcerated are placed into
removal proceedings during or at the end of their prison
sentence.
The ten most common categories of crime in fiscal year
1997 include:
Dangerous drugs 26,366
Immigration 6,786
Burglary 2,769
Assault 2,088
Weapon offenses 1 ,526
Robbery 1,442
Larceny 1,356
Stolen vehicle 943
Sexual assault 809
Forgery 681
52
13
5
4
3
3
3
2
2
1
Administrative reason for removal
(Tables 63, 66, 67, 68)
The administrative reason for removal is the primary
charge cited by an immigration judge in the order to
remove an alien. There are more than 100 charges that
might form the basis for a removal in 1997, but most fall
into one of three main categories. Aliens who were present
in the United States after making an illegal entry account
for 34 percent of all aliens formally removed. Aliens who
attempted entry without proper documents, or through
fraud or misrepresentation, account for 31 percent and
aliens with criminal charges account for 30 percent (a
criminal alien as defined in the previous section may not
have a criminal charge as the reason for removal if, for
example, the immigration judge did not have appropriate
documents from the relevant criminal justice system).
There are striking differences between countries. El
Salvadorans (66 percent), Hondurans (78), and
Guatemalans (76) are concentrated in illegal entries.
Aliens from the Dominican Republic (67 percent),
Colombia (66), and Jamaica (62) are most likely to have a
criminal charge.
Immigration status at entry to the United States
At least 56 percent of all aliens with a formal removal
attempted (and perhaps completed) an illegal entry
between designated ports of entry. Almost 21 percent
attempted to enter at a port of entry without proper
documents or through fraud or misrepresentation. The
remainder made legal entries but then failed to maintain
status; parolees, tourists, and legal permanent residents are
the largest groups in this category.
Aliens removed from the interior
The INS defines "interior" removals as the removals of
aliens who had been in the United States for longer than 3
days. In fiscal year 1997 61,100 formal removals met this
definiuon; about 54 percent of all formal removals. In
167
addition, as noted above, 73,907 aliens were allowed an
escorted voluntary departure from the interior.
Approximately 26,000 aliens with formal removals had
been in the United States for longer than a year. Aliens
apprehended in worksite operations and subsequently
removed from the United States are a subset of aliens
removed from the interior. There were 736 such aliens
formally removed in 1997 (an additional 6,481 were
allowed a voluntary departure).
Gender and age
The median age of aliens with a formal removal in fiscal
year 1997 was 26 years, down slightly from the 27 years
of age typical of the last several years. That decline is due
to the increasing proportion of women among aliens
removed; their median age was 25 years in 1997. Between
1992 and 1995 the proportion of women was about 6
percent. In 1996 the proportion rose to 12 percent and
increased to almost 16 percent in 1997. Most of this
increase is attributable to women from Mexico who
attempted entry without proper documents or through
fraud. In 1996 the special "Port Court" processing at the
San Diego ports provided the resources necessary to put
more arriving aliens into proceedings than had been
possible before. This special processing continued until
the implementation of expedited removal procedures in
April 1997. In either case, larger numbers of women were
intercepted as they attempted entry in the San Diego area.
Understanding the Data
Data Collection
Apprehension and voluntary departure
Apprehension data are collected on Form 1-213, Record of
Deportable Alien Located. Much of the data collected
establishes the identity of the individual and the
circumstances of the apprehension. Some demographic
data are available including country of birth, country of
citizenship, gender, date of birth, and marital status.
However, the Performance Analysis System (PAS, the
principal automated data system for a variety of INS
workload measures) captures only aggregated data on
country of citizenship, location of apprehension, status at
entry, length of time in the United States, and limited
information on employment status. Individual INS offices
report these data once a month. Statistics on the number
of voluntary departures are also based on data captured on
Form 1-213. The data on most voluntary departures arc
aggregated and reported in PAS. The only data element
collected is whether the alien was a Mexican national.
Voluntary departure (interior)
Data on aliens granted a voluntary departure who had been
in the United States for longer than 3 days are collected
from the Form 1-2 13s for those aliens. The data capture for
this special subset of aliens is not aggregated to the office
level but rather maintained at the individual alien level.
Individuals removed
The data on individuals removed with a formal order of
removal or given a voluntary departure under docket
control are more extensive. These data are collected via
the INS' automated Deportable Alien Control System
(DACS). The data captured include immigration status,
type of entry into the United States, reasons for removal,
history of criminal activity, limited employment
information, and basic demographic information such as
date of birth, gender, marital status, country of birth,
country of citizenship, and country to which deported. In
general, these data are entered in DACS over a period of
time that begins with the placing of an apprehended alien
in docket control. In some INS offices most of the data
entry is done at the time of case closure (removal,
adjustment of status, etc.).
Other data
Data on drug seizures, accomplishments of the Border
Patrol, accomplishments of the Investigations program,
prosecutions, fines, convictions, and judicial activities are
captured in PAS. As noted above, these are aggregated
data updated once a month by INS offices.
Limitations of Data
I
Case tracking
The INS' current data systems cannot link an apprehension
to its final disposition (removal, adjustment of status, etc.).
Therefore, analysts should use caution when comparing
apprehension and removal data. Apprehended aliens who
choose to use the available appeals procedures will spend
several months and perhaps several years in the process
before final disposition of their cases. In other words,
aliens apprehended in any given fiscal year are quite likely
to be removed (or adjusted to legal status, etc.) in some
future fiscal year. In addition, INS statistics on
apprehensions and removals relate to events, not
individuals. For example, if an alien has been apprehended
three times during the fiscal year, that individual will
appear three times in the apprehension statistics.
Time lags in data entry
The data on removals under docket control (formal
removals) reported in this and other Statistical Yearbooks
should be used cautiously. One problem is the time lag in
reporting removals. The data in this Yearbook have been
adjusted to refiect the actual year of removal. The data for
each fiscal year require updating and cannot be considered
complete for at least 4 years. For example, the removals
reported during fiscal year 1997 that occurred in 1996
increased the number for fiscal year 1996 by 1 percent.
168
Changes in definitions
Another area of caution involves changes in definitions
across years. For example, the INS has expanded the
information about the crimes of aliens removed in recent
years. This change allows the INS to more accurately
count the number of criminals that it removes. The
statistics in this Yearbook reflect these changes and
update the data on criminals from fiscal year 1990
onward.
Changes in definitions and new reporting requirements
may also explain some of the variations in the data
concerning Investigations activities. In particular, there
have been significant changes in the reporting
requirements for anti-smuggling and worksite enforcement
activities.
Tracking system for worksite
Another historical problem has been the difficulty in
providing the number of work site apprehensions that have
resulted in deportation or removal from the United States.
Until 1997, an adequate tracking system did not exist to
track the number of aliens removed from the United States
who were arrested during work-site enforcement
operations. Currently, the Deportable Alien Control
System (DACS) and the Voluntary Returns (IVR) systems
provide data but there have been data collection problems
associated with the new data entry requirements.
169
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
170
TABLE 56. DEPORTABLE ALIENS LOCATED: FISCAL YEARS 1892-1997
Year
Deportable aliens located '
Year
Deportable aliens located '
1892-1997 ...„
36,524.675
NA
NA
NA
128.484
147,457
1,377.210
3.598.949
1,608356
88.823
92.758
88.712
86,597
110,371
138,520
161,608
212.057
283.557
345.353
8321,498
420.126
505.949
655.968
788,145
766,600
1976
875,915
1892-1900
1976. TQ'
1977
221,824
1,042.215
1901-10
191 1-20
1978
1979
1980
1981-90
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1.057.977
1921-30
1.076.418
1931-40
1941-50
910.361
11,883328
1951-60
1961-70. „.„
1961
975,780
970.246
1.251.357
1%2
1963
1964
1965
1,246,981
1,348,749
1.767.400
1,190,488
1988
1,008,145
1966
1989
954,243
1%7
1968
1990
1991-97
1,169,939
1969
9,459393
1.197.875
1.258.482
1970
1971-80
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1.327.259
1.094.717
1,394.554
1,649.986
1.536.520
' Aliens apprehended were first recorded in 1925. Prior to 1960. data represent total aliens actually apprehended. Since 1960. figures are for total deportable
aliens located, including nonwillful crewman violators. ^ The three-month period — July 1 through September 30, 1976 — between fiscal year 1976 and fiscal year
1977.
NOTE: See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
NA Not available.
171
TABLE 57. DEPORTABLE ALIENS LOCATED BY STATUS AT ENTRY
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Region and country
of nationality
All
located
Visitor
Crew-
man
Student
Temporary worker
Agricul-
ture
Other
Immi-
grant
Stow-
away
TWOV
Entry
without
inspection
All countries .
Europe
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom ....
Yugoslavia, former
Other Europe
Asia
China, People's Republic .
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Lebanon
Pakistan
Philippines
Vietnam
Other Asia
Africa
Liberia
Nigeria
Other Africa
Oceania .
North America
Belize
Canada
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic .
El Salvador
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Trinidad & Tobago ...
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Venezuela
Other South America
Unknown or not reported
1^36,520
2,988
115
205
46
137
325
168
482
110
1,400
6,581
656
643
262
170
87
177
339
115
383
835
849
2,065
2,244
95
592
1,557
240
1,518,732
290
3,892
259
1,498
4.639
8,772
7,437
962
8,071
1,926
1,478,782
1,027
189
402
586
5,723
124
439
2,404
1,143
256
650
307
400
12
12,162
1,206
66
95
15
48
190
37
194
32
529
1,661
122
171
96
93
47
62
96
50
152
195
13
564
812
44
183
585
135
6,821
51
990
90
15
369
66
129
96
157
461
3,835
84
68
170
240
1,523
75
261
546
103
36
202
161
139
922
130
1
4
2
10
2
107
199
15
37
1
I
4
5
10
95
31
16
1
494
2
1
7
21
8
15
271
46
30
52
18
4
6
13
83
1
36
4
6
12
17
7
710
53
6
4
3
2
7
31
234
17
19
37
16
19
16
10
19
10
71
213
7
92
114
10
151
5
16
1
11
10
1
6
3
11
56
7
2
12
10
49
5
2
21
4
1
7
5
4
98
1
2
2
3
83
4
41
28
264
11
145
44
2
1
9
1
80
4
4
2
5
1
94
13
3
7
6
2
I
2
14
41
1
4
14,063
594
15
63
10
56
38
79
127
25
181
1,588
92
55
36
26
II
52
143
30
30
343
389
381
286
18
122
146
48
10,494
90
163
27
373
1,441
403
148
217
116
836
6,218
72
57
163
170
1,049
24
20
557
97
166
93
35
57
622
8
1
2
2,934
12
3
539
4
6
85
4
1
4
7
16
396
6
7
3
56
50
4
1
1
1
2,903
1
13
3
2,881
20
17
1
2
1,499,267
654
17
20
12
13
75
43
67
36
371
1380
291
292
59
43
4
31
48
19
142
56
32
363
532
14
133
385
25
1,493,963
135
2,592
122
328
2,540
8,245
7,116
248
7,692
366
1,463,573
834
35
27
110
2,710
11
144
1,076
908
25
307
70
169
' TWOV represents transit without visa. See Glossary for definition.
- Represents zero.
172
TABLE 58. DEPORTABLE ALIENS LOCATED BY PROGRAM AND BORDER PATROL SECTOR
FISCAL YEARS 1991-97
Program and Border Patrol sector
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Program:
All programs „.
Border Patrol
Investigations
Examinations
Border Patrol sector
All southwest sectors
San Diego, CA
Tucson, AZ
McAllen, TX
EL Centro, CA
Laredo, TX
EL Paso, TX
Del Rio. TX
Yuma, AZ
Marfa,TX
All other sectors
Livermore, CA
New Orleans, LA ....
Miami, FL
Havre, MT
Blaine, WA
Spokane, WA
Grand Forks, ND ....
Buffalo, NY
Swanton, VT
Detroit, MI
Ramey, PR
Houlton, ME
1,197,875
1,132,933
64,819
123
1,077,876
540,347
59,728
87,319
30,450
72,293
211,775
38,554
28,646
8,764
55,057
26,061
4,877
6,621
1,220
3,520
1.373
753
1,892
3,125
1,428
3,399
788
1,258,481
1.199,560
58,317
604
1,145,574
565,581
71,036
85,889
29,852
72,449
248,642
33,414
24,892
13,819
53,986
23,184
5,031
6,980
1,277
4,217
1,690
916
1,715
3,002
1,504
3,551
919
1,327,261
1,263,490
60,761
3,010
1,212,886
531,689
92,639
109,048
30,058
82,348
285,781
42,289
23,548
15,486
50,604
21,148
4,919
6,212
1,237
4,473
1.753
1,162
1,483
2,564
1,291
3,587
775
1,094,719
1,031,668
61,973
1,078
979,101
450,152
139,473
124,251
27,654
73,142
79,688
50,036
21,211
13.494
52,567
23,282
4,013
7,865
1,298
3,999
2,061
1,237
1,177
1,705
1,214
4,364
352
1394,554
1,324,202
69,528
824
1,271390
524,231
227,529
169,101
37,317
93,305
110,971
76,490
20,894
11,552
52,812
17,956
5,389
11,981
1,456
4,067
1,992
1,451
1,634
1,951
1,424
3,218
293
1,649,986
1,549,876
98,391
1,719
1,507,020
483,815
305,348
210,553
66,873
131,841
145,929
121,137
28,310
13,214
42,856
12,756
8,642
8,258
1,483
2,224
1,352
1,334
2,090
1,712
1,304
1,454
247
1,536,520
1.412,953
121,893
1,674
1368,707
283,889
272,397
243,793
146,210
141,893
124,376
113.280
30,177
12,692
44,246
10,607
9,094
8,305
2,813
2,684
2,331
1,978
2,065
1,664
1,500
896
309
173
TABLE 59. PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE BORDER PATROL
FISCAL YEARS 1991-97
Activities and
accomplishments
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Persons processed by the
Border Patrol '
Deportable aliens located by
the Border Patrol
Mexican aliens
Working in agriculture
Working in trades, crafts,
industry, and service
Welfare/seeking employment
Canadian aliens
All others
Smugglers of aliens located
Aliens located who were
smuggled into the United States
Seizures (conveyances)
Value of seizures (dollars)
Narcotics
Other
1,152,667
1,132,933
1,095,122
4,707
8,095
978,807
6,666
31,145
18.826
64,170
14,261
950,199,178
910,146,141
40,053,037
1,221,904
1,199,560
1,168,946
5,488
7,165
1,065,159
6,167
24,447
17,237
69,538
11,391
1,247,938,634
1,216,833,993
31,104,641
1,281,721
1,263,490
1.230,124
5,393
7,403
1,117.414
5.249
28,117
15,266
80,835
10,995
1382,898,517
1,337,766,371
45,132,146
1,046,576
1,031,668
999,890
5,162
8.068
901,826
3,400
28,378
14,143
92,934
9,134
1,598,053,619
1,555,731,987
42,321,632
1336,518
1324,202
1,293,508
4,487
12,552
1,185,761
3,463
27,231
12,796
102,591
9,327
2,011,767,972
1,965,311,238
46.456.734
1,561,234
1,549,876
1.523.141
2.684
9.413
1.405.314
2,746
23,989
13,458
122,233
11,129
1,255378,759
1,208,778,533
46,600,226
1,422,829
1,412,953
1,387,650
3,521
10,146
1.279.923
2.935
22.368
12,523
124,605
11,792
1,094,589,207
1,046,292,774
48,296,433
' Includes deportable aliens located and non-deportable (e.g., U.S. citizens and legal permanent resident aliens).
NOTE: Data on aliens previously expelled, aliens located with previous criminal records, conveyances examined, and persons questioned shown in previous
Yearbooks are not available starting in fiscal year 1990. Data for narcotics have been adjusted for fiscal year 1995.
^
174
TABLE 60. PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE INS INVESTIGATIONS PROGRAM
FISCAL YEARS 1991-97
Activities and accomplishments
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Criminal investigations: '
Cases completed
Defendants prosecuted
Defendants convicted
Employer investigations: '
Cases completed
Warnings
Notice of Intent to Fine
Final orders
Arrests
Fraud investigations: '
Cases completed
Defendants prosecuted
Defendants convicted
Smuggling investigations: '
Cases completed
Smugglers arrested
Smuggled aliens arrested
Defendants prosecuted '
Defendants convicted
Entered vrithout inspection/status violators: '
Cases completed
Aliens arrested
37,062
2,307
3,210
7,403
1,179
1,274
946
7,871
5,146
602
403
8,164
13,944
38,365
4,352
NA
28,884
7,175
38,716
2,027
1,688
7,053
840
1,461
1,063
8,027
3,428
532
494
7,073
13,454
38,498
3,030
NA
24,048
6.507
45,291
2,041
1.954
6,237
758
1,302
944
7,630
4,416
525
421
6,955
11,244
48,017
2,491
NA
23,841
7,375
46,236
2,386
2,172
6,169
683
1,063
836
7,554
5,800
308
225
4,750
8,787
53,078
2,029
NA
19,364
8,458
45.619
1,965
1,590
5,283
550
1,055
909
10,014
6,455
389
257
5,358
8,580
68,203
2,636
NA
23,624
8,793
54,065
1,468
1,254
5,149
668
1,019
808
14,164
4.369
613
339
2,643
4,699
43.243
3.360
2,838
33,138
15,365
74,612
1,436
1,166
7,537
733
862
771
17,552
4.843
332
190
1,171
3,381
35,084
2,287
1.910
33.910
13,702
' Criminal alien cases include large-scale organizations engaged in ongoing criminal activity and individual aliens convicted of crimes such as terrorism or drug
trafficking.
' Employer investigations target employers of unauthorized aliens and include criminal investigations, administrative investigations, auxiliary investigations. INS
Headquarters Investigation Project, and Department of Labor ES A-9 1 .
' Fraud investigations seek to penetrate fraud schemes of all sizes and degrees of complexity which are used to violate immigration and related laws or to shield the
true status of illegal aliens in order to obtain entitlement benefits. The fraud schemes may be related to marriage fraud, immigration benefit fraud, employer sanctions
document fraud, other document fraud, and entitlement fraud.
' At the start of fiscal year 1996, Performance Analysis System (PAS) Anti-smuggling reporting was merged with PAS Investigations. Smuggling cases involve those
which target persons or entities who bring, transport, harbor, or smuggle illegal aliens into or within the United States.
' Data for fiscal year 1991 represent principals accepted for prosecution; beginning fiscal year 1992, data represent defendants prosecuted.
* Includes Entry Without Inspection (EWI). such as stowaways, or landed crewmen who were ordered detained on board, and status violators. The latter category
pertains to alien apprehensions for violating the terms of admission, e.g., staying longer in the United States than permitted. Frequendy, such aliens are not themselves
investigative targets, but are located during other investigations.
NA Not available.
175
TABLE 61. ALIENS EXPELLED
FISCAL YEARS 1892-1997
Year
Formal removals '
Voluntary departures ^
1892-1997
2,082,898
25,642
119,769
206,021
281,464
185,303
141,112
150,472
101,205
8,181
8,025
7,763
9,167
10,572
9,680
9,728
9,590
11,030
17,469
240,217
18,294
16,883
17,346
19,413
24,432
29,226
9,245
31,263
29,277
26,825
18,013
232,830
17,379
15,216
19,211
18,696
23,105
24,592
24,336
25,829
34,427
30,039
398,863
33,189
43,649
42,452
45,524
50,672
69,317
114,060
32,829,384
1892-1900
NA
1901-10
1911-20
NA
NA
1921-30
72,233
1931-40
93,330
1941-50
1,470,925
1951-60
3,883,660
1961-70
1334,528
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
52,383
54,164
69,392
73,042
95,263
123,683
142,343
1968
179,952
1969
1970
1971-80
240,958
303,348
7,246,812
1971
370,074
1972
450.927
1973
568,005
1974
718,740
1975
655,814
1976
1976. TQ
1977
1978
765,094
190,280
867,015
975,515
1979
966,137
1980
719,211
1981-90
9,961,912
1981
1982
1983
1984
823,875
812,572
931,600
909,833
1985
1,041,296
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991-97
1,586,320
1,091,203
911,790
830,890
1,022,533
8,765,984
1991
1,061,105
1992
1993
1,105,832
1,243,313
1994
1,028,966
1995
1996
1997
1,313,601
1,573,184
1,439,983
' Formal removals include deportations, exclusions, and removals. See text for further
information about the different types of formal removals.
^ Voluntary departures includes aliens under docket control required to depart and
voluntary departures not under docket control; first recorded in 1927.
NOTE: See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
NA Not available.
176
TABLE 62. ALIENS EXPELLED BY REGION AND DISTRICT OFFICE
FISCAL YEAR 1997
All regions
Eastern Region „
Atlanta. GA
Baltimore, MD
Boston, MA
Buffalo, NY
Cleveland, OH
Detroit, MI
Miami, FL
New Orleans, LA ....
New York, NY
Newark, NJ
Philadelphia, PA
Portland. ME
San Juan, PR
Washington, DC
Central Region ....„.„
Chicago, IL
Dallas, TX
Denver, CO
El Paso, TX
Harlingen, TX
Helena, MT
Houston, TX
Kansas City, MO ....
Omaha, NE
St. Paul, MN
San Antonio, TX ....
Western Region
Anchorage, AK
Honolulu, HI
Los Angeles, CA ....
Phoenix. AZ
Portland, OR
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA ..
Seattle. WA
656^50
1,539
10,352
792
135,675
243,518
1,964
471
1,046
1,233
1,633
258,027
771,111
93
221
13,356
311,033
740
426,829
15,146
3,693
' Formal removals include deportations, exclusions, and removals. See text for further information about the different types of
formal removals.
' Voluntary departures include aliens under docket control required to depart and voluntary departures not under docket control.
177
TABLE 63. ALIENS REMOVED BY ADMINISTRATIVE REASON FOR REMOVAL
FISCAL YEARS 1991-97
Year
Total
Attempted entry without
proper documents or
through fraud or
tnisrepresentation
Criminal
Failed to
maintain
stattis
Previously
removed,
ineligible for
reentry
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
33,189
43,649
42,452
45,524
50,672
69,317
1 14,060
3,058
3,597
3,031
3,521
5,802
15,338
35,915
14,475
20,100
22,427
24,542
25,619
27,542
33,951
1,135
1,077
779
701
599
696
999
735
1,008
929
1,030
1,424
1,962
3,199
Year
Present
without
authorization '
Security
Smuggling or
aiding illegal
entry
Other
1
Unknown
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
13,347
17,418
14,971
15,413
16,957
23,407
39,047
7
32
54
57
34
36
30
28
169
207
216
196
271
378
191
93
30
28
35
62
529
213
155
24
16
12
' Includes those aliens charged under the statutes previous to April 1 , 1997 as "entered without inspection".
NOTE: The administrative reason for formal removal is the legal basis for removal. Some aliens who are criminals may be removed under a different administrative
reason (or charge) for the convenience of the government Removals include those actions known as deportation and exclusion prior to the revision of law that was
effective April 1, 1997.
178
TABLE 64. ALIENS REMOVED BY TYPE OF REMOVAL AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEAR 1997
Region and country of nationality '
Total
Deportation '
Exclusion '
Inadmissability '
Deportability '
All countries . — .„.«.„.«.«
114,060
47,558
13,670
39,162
13,670
Europe
1,616
834
170
307
305
Czechoslovakia, former
77
13
3
24
37
France
72
36
7
11
18
Germany
109
64
13
7
25
Italy
119
60
12
15
32
Poland
147
66
22
52
7
Portugal
68
50
7
8
3
Romania
90
63
12
8
7
Soviet Union, former
158
85
17
42
14
Russia
83
47
8
19
9
Other & unknown republic
75
38
9
23
5
Spain
50
25
2
9
14
United Kingdom
344
201
30
29
84
Yugoslavia, former
78
41
9
11
17
304
130
36
91
47
2384
934
658
600
192
Bangladesh
59
13
35
10
1
China, People's Republic
485
40
257
169
19
India
291
95
104
80
12
Iran
60
32
12
11
5
Israel
130
69
14
41
6
Japan
93
61
5
5
22
Jordan
105
71
9
20
5
Korea
124
61
9
30
24
Lebanon
49
35
6
7
1
Pakistan
259
84
72
89
14
Philippines
405
245
43
62
55
Other Asia
324
1,174
128
532
92
339
76
248
28
Africa
55
Egypt
51
23
7
20
1
Ghana
167
38
79
46
4
Nigeria
392
210
109
51
22
Other Africa
564
150
261
94
144
8
131
17
28
Oceania
31
North America .._,...,.._............._....„........
104,631
43,262
11,751
36,868
12,750
Canada
696
170
174
265
87
Mexico
86,208
31,783
10,520
33,368
10,537
Caribbean — ..„.„....„..... —
5,535
3,412
772
954
397
Bahamas The
59
50
38
42
6
3
9
3
6
Barbados
2
Cuba
73
7
61
4
1
Dominican Republic
2,669
1,847
208
386
228
Haiti
480
206
156
94
24
Jamaica
1,783
985
305
387
106
250
165
13
54
18
Other Caribbean
171
12,192
122
7,897
20
285
17
2,281
12
Central America „
1,729
Belize
130
88
3
23
16
Costa Rica
148
3,865
3,495
40
2,614
2,157
17
68
116
75
590
749
16
593
Guatemala
473
Honduras
3,820
2,422
49
762
587
Nicaragua
596
477
20
66
33
Panama
138
99
12
16
11
South America ....._....>.,..«.,..............„.....
4,081
1,887
743
1,114
337
Argentina
67
31
7
16
13
Bolivia
152
30
36
81
5
Brazil
319
79
67
159
14
Chile
100
46
13
24
17
Colombia
2,014
1,090
342
384
198
Ecuador
499
219
91
170
19
Guyana
220
111
65
41
3
Peru
442
202
51
143
46
Venezuela
235
64
62
89
20
Other South America
33
24
15
15
9
1
7
8
2
Stateless or not reported
' Country is defined as nationality for sovereign states and country of birth for dependencies.
' Deportations and exclusions are removals charged under provisions of law in effect before April 1, 1997.
' Inadmissibility and deportability are removals charged under provisions of law in effect after April 1 , 1997.
- Represents zero.
179
TABLE 65. ALIENS REMOVED BY CRIMINAL STATUS AND REGION AND
SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1993-97
Region and country
of nationality '
1993
Total
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
1994
Total
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
1995
Total
Criminal '
All countries
Europe
Albania
Andorra
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia, former ..
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Unknown republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Moldova
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzeriand
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Bosnia-Herzegovina ...
Croatia
Macedonia
Slovenia
Unknown
Asia
Afghanistan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, People's Republic
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
See footnotes at end of table.
42,452
775
3
3
5
4
11
11
3
4
50
99
26
17
4
6
52
1
3
1
22
4
78
45
10
18
9
3
6
17
10
6
249
23
23
1,246
10
48
2
94
1
22
261
17
58
3
49
44
44
44
27,818
331
1
4
1
3
15
44
13
10
I
4
25
39
3
7
1
5
10
2
2
115
6
357
5
1
2
22
17
22
6
35
I
24
10
21
20
14,634
444
2
7
2
1
35
55
13
7
3
2
27
1
2
14
1
70
7
7
11
17
889
5
47
72
1
5
239
II
23
2
25
34
23
24
45,524
915
15
4
5
12
12
3
9
7
2
2
52
102
24
10
4
13
56
1
1
2
15
4
80
52
28
44
3
8
26
2
3
1
11
7
23
8
7
4
9
34
280
17
49
43
1,641
10
I
43
10
2
449
1
18
215
7
61
4
39
55
37
58
31,037
384
5
14
31
19
5
2
6
28
2
22
45
7
13
2
2
9
1
4
138
14
12
390
4
1
4
19
1
13
24
1
27
1
25
9
20
27
14,487
531
10
3
1
11
2
6
7
2
2
38
71
5
5
2
7
28
1
1
1
7
2
58
7
21
31
1
17
3
9
14
6
5
142
35
31
1,251
6
39
10
2
430
5
191
6
34
3
14
46
17
31
50,672
916
It
1
3
16
18
5
1
4
5
1
5
59
88
23
10
18
59
1
2
1
37
5
62
42
42
54
7
1
30
10
6
34
8
17
248
41
2
1
3
1
34
U22
17
43
2
14
307
12
164
7
50
2
39
31
29
50
32,665
400
4
27
30
II
7
4
31
1
20
1
18
33
6
16
5
7
3
1
10
4
6
143
11
11
353
10
2
26
4
15
4
31
2
16
11
12
20
180
TABLE 65. ALIENS REMOVED BY CRIMINAL STATUS AND REGION AND
SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1993-97— Continued
Region and country
of nationality '
1993
Total
Criminal ^
Non-
criminal
1994
Total
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
1995
Total
Criminal'
Non-
criminal
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Macau
Malaysia
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
Yemen
Africa „
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Congo, Democratic Republic '
Congo, Republic '
Cote d'lvoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia. The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Sao Tome & Principe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Tongo
Tunisia
67
14
3
134
162
3
9
77
13
20
23
15
1
5
2
704
5
2
1
5
10
15
24
12
10
108
3
1
6
31
2
1
2
15
1
46
335
2
1
12
3
11
4
15
3
1
3
2
32
3
31
63
2
3
2
6
7
13
2
3
1
397
1
2
1
4
3
13
7
1
21
1
2
8
2
1
27
262
2
1
4
1
35
11
103
99
I
6
75
7
13
10
13
1
2
1
307
4
4
12
11
5
9
87
3
4
23
2
7
1
19
73
8
3
3
4
II
2
1
4
12
55
9
1
2
144
233
3
11
39
14
27
27
33
1
6
10
953
10
1
6
1
22
1
4
17
20
22
12
126
10
21
1
36
2
1
6
1
13
1
38
485
9
14
21
7
3
19
2
2
32
2
31
85
1
6
2
6
15
17
11
2
2
605
3
1
5
4
17
1
1
2
6
11
2
52
3
8
1
22
1
2
6
14
404
3
3
13
3
2
13
2
12
23
7
1
2
113
148
2
5
37
8
12
10
22
1
4
348
7
3
15
14
11
10
74
7
13
14
1
1
4
I
7
1
24
81
6
11
8
4
1
6
2
3
9
45
1
12
4
139
192
4
5
48
12
20
30
26
3
2
914
15
1
5
1
13
18
18
29
1
20
1
11
173
15
1
36
5
1
2
14
1
9
1
66
332
2
27
1
20
10
24
7
1
11
4
2
2
30
2
33
84
1
2
5
4
7
2
2
515
1
1
4
3
17
2
4
11
14
3
74
6
19
3
1
5
7
1
26
261
8
1
13
1
13
1
10
1
I
7
15
1
7
2
106
108
3
3
43
8
13
22
20
399
14
1
10
1
14
18
1
6
1
8
99
9
1
6
17
2
40
71
2
19
7
9
11
6
1
1
3
See footnotes at end of table.
181
TABLE 65. ALIENS REMOVED BY CRIMINAL STATUS AND REGION AND
SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1993-97— Continued
Region and country
of nationality '
1993
Total
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
1994
Total
Criminal ■
Non-
criminal
1995
Total
Criminal '
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia, Federated States ...
New Zealand
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Polynesia, French
Samoa '
Tonga
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Anguilla
Antigua-Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Haiti
Jamaica
Martinique
Montserrat
Netherlands Antilles
St. Kitts-Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America ,
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
Unknown and not reported
87
16
9
2
16
2
4
11
13
14
37,548
1,261
27,094
3,505
19
2
68
28
6
2
I
149
38
1,649
13
318
1,039
1
4
14
14
6
133
1
5,688
129
40
2,099
1,365
1,676
268
111
2,059
19
46
101
47
1,303
133
124
4
210
5
18
49
33
33
4
2
1
3
2
1
3
7
10
25,298
1,065
19,576
2,496
14
2
45
27
5
1
126
20
1,028
12
195
871
1
2
11
12
5
118
1
2,161
83
21
1,022
405
402
131
97
1388
9
23
14
27
1,028
50
86
1
108
2
11
29
14
54
12
7
I
13
12,250
196
7,518
1,009
23
1
1
1
1
23
18
621
1
123
168
2
3
2
1
15
3,527
46
19
1,077
960
1,274
137
14
671
10
23
87
20
275
83
38
3
102
3
7
20
19
94
13
11
1
12
17
4
1
10
12
13
39,722
1,160
30,062
3,100
2
19
2
61
28
8
3
1
94
40
1,540
9
153
977
1
2
8
13
10
127
2
5,400
98
29
1,873
1,270
1,638
388
104
2,179
31
39
126
45
1,420
122
107
4
190
2
19
74
20
50
3
6
1
9
5
4
28,013
943
22,585
2,283
2
13
2
53
28
7
3
77
21
968
7
125
849
1
2
5
g
9
103
232
72
17
951
459
499
115
89
1,584
18
20
35
25
1,178
81
76
2
88
1
12
48
11
44
10
5
3
12
1
4
4
5
11,709
217
7,477
817
17
19
572
2
28
128
3
5
1
24
2
3,198
26
12
922
811
1.139
273
15
595
13
19
91
20
242
41
31
2
102
1
7
26
3
1
I
89
13
9
1
13
20
3
6
14
10
45,214
1,072
34,586
3,405
25
1
72
28
9
2
1
59
25
1,611
12
1
326
1,041
1
I
12
15
20
142
1
6,151
70
43
1,910
1,752
1,917
370
89
2,213
28
48
93
59
1.409
165
124
1
203
7
76
1
1
42
4
3
13
4
2
12
4
29,718
880
23,851
2,687
19
1
55
24
7
2
1
52
17
1,179
12
247
929
1
8
7
13
112
1
2,300
53
29
961
499
538
140
80
1,636
16
31
19
29
1,220
84
70
106
6
55
See footnotes at end of table.
182
TABLE 65. ALIENS REMOVED BY CRIMINAL STATUS AND REGION AND
SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1993-97— Continued
Region and country
of nationality '
1996
Total
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
1997
Total
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
All countries «....„....
Europe ,
Albania
Andorra
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia, former .
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Unknown republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Moldova
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Bosnia-Herzegovina ...
Croatia
Macedonia
Slovenia
Unknown
Asia
Afghanistan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Biuma
Cambodia
China, People's Republic
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
69317
1,036
13
10
9
26
14
1
13
5
1
3
55
114
21
11
2
20
69
2
5
1
34
2
80
43
34
77
10
1
37
11
2
14
42
15
8
277
43
2
5
2
34
1,593
14
34
1
4
514
13
148
II
43
2
53
38
37
77
37,243
453
5
4
2
1
1
21
45
15
5
1
8
29
1
1
1
18
1
22
36
7
24
1
1
1
9
5
1
6
17
3
3
151
20
17
397
3
44
9
20
3
20
2
34
10
20
35
32,074
583
8
8
4
22
10
1
9
3
2
34
69
6
6
1
12
40
1
4
16
1
58
7
27
53
9
28
6
1
8
25
12
5
126
23
2
2
2
17
1,196
11
29
1
4
470
4
128
8
23
19
28
17
42
114,060
1,616
48
4
5
42
77
3
12
62
9
5
1
72
109
38
29
1
41
119
2
8
1
31
11
147
68
90
158
12
5
5
1
83
39
13
50
18
10
344
78
2
17
7
1
51
2384
8
59
6
10
485
2
23
291
15
60
12
130
93
105
124
51.141
541
4
2
3
5
6
1
5
2
1
1
18
39
25
4
1
11
52
3
1
12
5
36
48
14
42
3
24
9
5
18
3
3
158
24
1
1
1
21
646
3
7
2
45
1
10
32
7
29
64
12
44
57
62,919
1,075
44
2
2
37
71
3
11
57
7
4
54
70
13
25
30
67
2
5
19
6
111
20
76
116
9
4
5
1
59
30
32
15
7
186
54
1
16
6
1
30
1,738
5
52
4
10
440
1
13
259
8
31
12
66
81
61
67
See footnotes at end of table.
183
TABLE 65. ALIENS REMOVED BY CRIMINAL STATUS AND REGION AND
SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1993-97— Continued
Region and country
of nationality '
1996
Total
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
1997
Total
Criminal ^
Non-
criminal
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Macau
Malaysia
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Viemam
Yemen
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Congo, Democratic Republic '
Congo, Republic '
Cote d'lvoire
Djibouti
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Sao Tome & Principe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Tongo
Tunisia
7
40
4
166
196
1
13
44
17
16
52
18
880
22
1
9
1
1
10
20
1
17
33
1
19
4
11
146
12
15
1
33
1
1
11
1
25
2
41
313
3
17
2
19
8
32
9
6
12
2
22
2
29
85
1
3
1
5
7
14
3
5
487
5
1
9
1
1
3
13
9
2
4
48
6
6
1
15
1
12
1
22
243
1
3
2
9
1
12
6
2
10
2
3
7
18
2
137
111
10
43
12
9
38
10
5
4
393
17
14
15
1
10
2
7
98
6
18
5
1
13
1
19
70
2
14
10
7
20
3
4
2
7
12
49
18
3
259
405
4
4
47
18
22
48
37
2
10
16
1,174
20
3
12
1
2
14
24
2
21
4
26
1
51
40
2
30
167
20
21
42
3
1
3
17
2
41
3
46
392
3
41
24
22
22
18
1
6
11
5
3
2
26
61
171
2
9
12
15
12
1
3
5
504
4
1
10
4
20
1
6
5
16
17
1
8
43
3
20
1
1
16
1
27
252
6
2
10
8
1
1
3
3
4
10
23
10
2
198
234
2
4
45
9
10
33
25
1
7
11
670
16
2
2
1
2
10
4
1
15
4
21
1
35
23
1
22
124
17
15
22
2
3
15
2
25
2
19
140
3
39
18
20
12
10
5
8
2
See footnotes at end of table.
184
TABLE 65. ALIENS REMOVED BY CRIMINAL STATUS AND REGION AND
SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1993-97— Continued
Region and country
of nationality '
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Oceania „
Australia
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia, Federated States ...
New Zealand
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Polynesia, French
Samoa '
Tonga
North America -..„.....„...._....„.
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean „....„.
Anguilla
Antigua-Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Haiti
Jamaica
Martinique
Montserrat
Netherlands Antilles
St. Kitts-Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands
Central America
BeUze
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America „
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
Unknown and not reported
1996
Total
I
2
7
101
14
23
1
10
23
4
II
4
11
63351
587
50,813
3,942
1
16
2
77
37
8
2
1
69
28
1,947
12
326
1,184
2
3
3
12
12
12
187
1
8,009
106
72
2,471
2,095
2,753
420
92
2346
31
53
124
61
1,310
244
138
6
223
2
15
139
10
Criminal '
I
6
34
4
7
6
2
2
3
I
9
34,288
441
28,276
3,122
I
14
2
68
33
7
I
1
63
16
1,476
12
218
1,009
1
3
3
9
12
12
160
I
2,449
76
33
1,040
490
588
141
81
1,580
18
22
29
26
1,113
101
75
112
11
73
Non-
criminal
1
1
I
67
10
16
1
4
21
2
29,063
146
22,537
820
9
4
1
1
6
12
471
108
175
1
27
5,560
30
39
1,431
1,605
2,165
279
11
766
13
31
95
35
197
143
63
6
111
2
4
66
1997
Total
7
1
2
150
16
23
14
28
8
1
20
15
25
104,631
696
86,208
5,535
26
3
59
50
8
6
2
73
37
2,669
16
2
480
1,783
I
3
21
21
23
250
2
12,192
130
148
3,865
3,495
3,820
596
138
4,081
67
152
319
100
2,014
499
220
9
442
8
16
235
24
Criminal '
72
7
10
10
8
7
I
4
7
18
47,234
393
39,098
3,896
18
3
48
43
5
3
2
66
23
1,967
9
2
263
1,222
I
I
17
13
19
170
I
3,847
92
35
1,538
811
1.101
169
101
2,141
27
21
34
45
1,499
137
125
1
155
3
12
82
Non-
criminal
6
1
78
9
13
4
20
1
16
57397
303
47,110
1,639
8
II
7
3
3
7
14
702
7
217
561
2
4
8
4
80
I
8345
38
113
2,327
2,684
2,719
427
37
1,940
40
131
285
55
515
362
95
8
287
5
4
153
21
Country is defined as nationality for sovereign states and country of birth for dependencies. ^ Criminal status includes
those cases in which INS has evidence of a conviction. ' In May 1997 Zaire was formally recognized as the Democratic
Republic of the Congo; the Congo is referred to by its conventional name, the Republic of the Congo. ■* In August 1997
Western Samoa was formally recognized as Samoa (Independent Stale).
- Represents zero.
185
TABLE 66. ALIENS EXCLUDED BY ADMINISTRATIVE REASON FOR EXCLUSION
FISCAL YEARS 1892-1990
n
Year
Total
Subversive
or
anarchist
Criminal
or
narcotics
violations
Immoral
Mental or
physical
defect
Likely to
become
public
charge
Stowaway
Attempted
entry
without
inspection
or without
proper
documents
Contract
laborer
Unable to
read (over
16 years
of age)
Other
1892-1990
650^52
22,515
108,211
178,109
189,307
68.217
30,263
20,585
4,831
8,455
19,759
659
698
979
1,089
1,747
2,278
1,994
2,693
3,893
3,729
1369
10
27
9
5
60
1,098
128
32
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
17,465
65
1,681
4,353
2,082
1,261
1,134
2,017
383
814
3,675
152
183
205
160
297
270
426
482
712
788
8,209
89
1,277
4,824
1,281
253
80
361
24
20
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
82,590
1,309
24,425
42,129
11,044
1,530
1,021
956
145
31
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
219399
15,070
63,311
90,045
37,175
12,519
1,072
149
27
31
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
16,240
1,904
8,447
2,126
3,182
376
175
30
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
204,943
94,084
47,858
22,441
14,657
3,706
7,237
14,960
486
478
728
870
1,351
1,904
1,423
2,043
2,973
2,704
41,941
5,792
12,991
15,417
6,274
1,235
219
13
13,679
5,083
8,202
258
108
26
2
44,417
1892-1900
190
1901-10
1911-20
4,516
14,327
1921-30
20,709
1931-40
1,172
1941-50
946
1951-60
932
1961-70
241
1971-80
260
1981-90
1,124
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
21
37
46
59
99
104
1987
145
1988
1989
1990
168
208
237
NOTE: From 1941-53, figures represent all exclusions at sea and air ports and exclusions of aliens seeking entry for 30 days or longer at land ports. After 1953.
includes aliens excluded after formal hearings. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
- Represents zero. NA Not available.
186
TABLE 67. ALIENS DEPORTED BY ADMINISTRATIVE REASON FOR REMOVAL
FISCAL YEARS 1908-80
Year
Total
Subver-
sive or
anarchist
Criminal
viola-
tions
Immoral
Narcotics
viola-
tions
Mental
or
physical
defect
Previ-
ously
excluded
or
deported
Failed to
maintain
or comply
with con-
ditions of
nonim-
migrant
status
Entered
without
proper
docu-
ments
Entered
without
inspec-
tion or
by false
state-
ments
Public
charge
Unable
to read
(over 16
years
of age)
Other
908-80
812,915
6,888
27,912
92,157
117.086
110.849
129,887
96,374
231,762
17,639
16,266
16,842
18,824
23.438
27,998
8,927
30.228
28,371
25.888
17,341
1,528
353
642
253
17
230
15
18
2
2
7
3
1
3
48330
236
1,209
8,383
16,597
8,945
6,742
3,694
2,524
286
266
226
191
225
272
83
285
220
264
206
16,582
784
4,324
4,238
4,838
759
1,175
397
67
9
7
7
7
4
8
2
6
4
9
4
8339
374
1,108
822
947
1,462
3,626
232
307
395
396
583
464
110
372
314
265
188
2730S
3.228
6,364
8,936
6,301
1.560
642
236
38
7
3
7
7
6
2
3
1
2
41,022
178
1,842
9,729
17,642
4,002
3,601
4,028
476
487
594
440
526
481
141
315
236
202
130
124,465
5,556
14,669
13,906
25,260
31,334
33,740
4,140
3,966
3,989
3,839
3,649
3,782
1,007
3,150
2,543
1,901
1,774
154,896
31,704
45,480
14,288
35,090
11,831
16,503
2,979
2,710
2,247
2,086
1,896
1,185
271
1,066
871
707
485
334,889
1,106
4,128
5,265
5.159
50,209
54,457
43,561
171,004
9,483
8,486
9,342
11,839
16,529
21,777
7,304
25,012
24,165
22,525
14,542
22,556
474
9,086
10,703
1,886
143
225
8
31
4
6
4
2
1
1
3
1
5
3
1
16,762
704
5,977
8,329
1,746
5
1
1
1908-10 ...
16,241
1911-20 ....
1,060
1921-30
1,566
1931-40 ....
8,537
1941-50 ..
2,737
1951-60
812
1961-70
1,112
971-80
235
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1976, TQ
1977
1978
1979
1980
182
21
26
24
14
19
24
6
15
12
10
11
NOTE: Deportation statistics by administrative reason for removal were not available prior to fiscal year 1908. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
Represents zero.
TABLE 68. ALIENS DEPORTED BY ADMINISTRATIVE REASON FOR REMOVAL
FISCAL YEARS 1981-90
Year
Total
Convictions
for criminal
or narcotics
violations
Related to
criminal or
narcotics
violations
Entered
without
inspection
Violation of
nonim-
migrant
status
Other
981-90
213,071
16,720
14,518
18,232
17,607
21,358
22,314
22,342
23,136
30,534
26,310
30,630
310
413
863
981
1,551
1,708
4,111
5,474
7,036
8,183
1,972
54
64
93
80
151
165
274
308
343
440
155,405
13,601
11,554
14,318
14,082
16,957
17,812
15,833
15,337
20,706
15,205
15,982
1,959
1,796
1,958
1,702
1,916
1,865
1,273
996
1,265
1,252
9,082
796
691
1,000
762
783
764
851
1,021
1,184
1,230
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
NOTE: The definition of which aliens counted as criminal aliens changed in 1990. See Enforcement section of text.
187
TABLE 69. ALIENS UNDER DOCKET CONTROL REQUIRED TO DEPART BY CRIMINAL STATUS
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1993-97
Region and country
of nationality '
All countries .
Europe
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia, former
Czech Repubhc
Slovak Republic
Unknown republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Monaco
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former ....
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Unknown republic ....
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Bosnia-Herzegovina .
Croatia
Macedonia
Unknown
Asia .
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, People's Republic .
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
1993
Total
6,453
479
1
2
30
17
17
9
19
25
10
13
17
10
6
2
129
9
38
26
11
11
6
1
2
63
26
26
799
1
5
1
119
1
16
63
13
56
Criminal '
451
17
Non-
criminal
1
24
6,002
462
1
2
30
16
16
9
19
25
9
12
17
16
10
6
2
127
6
38
25
1
10
11
6
1
2
58
25
25
775
I
5
1
119
13
58
II
54
Total
5,990
533
46
1
7
2
1
2
10
24
II
10
1
8
20
4
16
4
2
107
3
74
66
30
15
11
5
7
66
25
24
731
1
14
1
3
55
68
6
43
1994
Criminal '
588
19
Non-
criminal
1
12
5,402
514
46
1
7
2
I
2
10
20
10
10
19
4
16
4
2
105
3
72
65
1995
Total
Criminal ^
30
14
10
5
7
61
24
23
719
1
14
1
3
54
68
6
41
4,567
362
2
1
2
38
5
1
4
1
1
15
27
10
10
1
1
7
3
5
1
6
3
35
6
52
48
5
6
1
1
24
1
4
6
7
3
4
54
14
13
440
4
3
2
32
3
52
4
6
429
10
Non-
criminal
13
4,138
352
2
1
2
38
5
1
4
1
1
14
26
10
10
1
1
7
3
5
1
5
3
33
6
51
46
5
6
1
1
22
1
4
6
6
3
4
53
14
13
See footnotes at end of lable.
188
TABLE 69. ALIENS UNDER DOCKET CONTROL REQUIRED TO DEPART BY CRIMINAL STATUS
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1993-97— Continued
Region and country
of nationality '
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
1-ebanon
Vlacau
vlalaysia
vlaldives
^epal
Pakistan
'hilippines
>audi Arabia
iingapore
>ri Lanka
iyria
"aiwan
Iiailand
"urkey
Jnited Arab Emirates
'ietnara
'emen
kica
Jgeria
'Urundi
'ameroon
'ape Verde
ongo. Democratic Republic '
ongo. Republic '
ote d'lvoire
gypt
ritrea
thiopia
abon
ambia. The
hana
uinea
enya
iberia
ibya
ladagascar
(ali
lauritius
lorocco
amibia
iger
igeria
wanda
5negal
lerra Leone
jmalia
Mth Africa
jdan
anzania
Mgo
unisia
ganda
imbia
mhabwe
1993
Total
22
42
38
50
4
II
25
21
1
27
191
4
4
10
10
19
23
11
2
1
139
2
2
3
1
31
10
5
1
4
2
10
28
1
1
14
8
2
4
1
1
2
3
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
19
42
37
49
4
11
24
18
1
27
191
4
4
10
10
19
23
II
Total
3
26
24
30
55
4
5
36
1
6
7
24
245
9
1
10
9
12
9
12
134
99
2
2
2
-
3
1
1
I
2
31
11
10
11
5
1
7
-
1
4
3
I
7
I
-
2
2
2
10
7
26
1
18
1
1
1
2
12
7
8
4
2
-
4
2
1
2
1
.
2
1
3
3
1994
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
3
25
24
29
55
4
5
36
1
5
7
22
243
9
1
10
9
12
8
12
3
96
2
1995
Total
3
10
16
18
34
1
12
9
3
12
173
1
2
4
8
2
13
3
1
4
82
1
2
2
10
16
II
8
3
7
4
1
3
3
2
7
_
1
-
2
2
2
7
5
17
12
1
1
-
2
5
7
-
4
10
2
3
1
2
1
3
-
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
3
10
16
16
34
1
11
3
12
169
1
2
4
8
2
13
3
I
3
footnotes at end of table.
7
75
-
1
-
3
1
1
-
16
-
8
_
3
1
3
-
3
-
2
-
1
-
2
-
5
4
8
-
5
1
9
-
3
-
2
-
189
TABLE 69. ALIENS UNDER DOCKET CONTROL REQUIRED TO DEPART BY CRIMINAL STATUS
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1993-97— Continued
Region and country
of nationality '
1993
Total
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
1994
Total
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
1995
Total
Criminal '
Oceania
American Samoa
Australia
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Micronesia, Federated States ...
New Zealand
Palau
Polynesia, French
Samoa '
Tonga
Vanuatu
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Montserrat
Netherlands Antilles
St. Kitts-Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & the Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
Unknown and not reported
See foolnoles at end of table
60
9
14
2
9
11
8
7
4,600
98
2,774
506
2
1
1
4
30
6
355
3
8
63
1
2
2
27
1
1,222
10
16
604
207
124
244
17
333
14
28
38
19
99
40
19
2
49
18
43
374
8
243
61
1
9
1
29
1
15
62
32
12
3
12
3
27
3
1
14
3
2
57
9
14
1
8
11
8
6
4^26
90
2,531
445
1
1
1
1
21
5
326
2
8
48
2
2
25
1
1,160
10
16
572
195
121
232
14
306
14
25
37
19
85
37
17
2
46
7
17
42
51
1
4
17
1
9
I
9
6
3
4^24
69
2,740
526
3
1
2
4
1
34
7
390
2
17
43
1
2
2
17
889
14
9
350
145
131
225
15
327
27
15
38
16
98
28
10
1
73
2
4
15
25
514
8
387
71
17
31
3
14
48
2
1
19
9
9
6
2
36
24
3
2
3
2
48
1
4
17
3,710
61
2,353
455
3
1
2
2
I
17
7
359
2
14
29
1
2
1
14
841
12
8
331
136
122
219
13
291
27
14
38
16
74
25
8
1
70
4
14
24
34
1
10
3370
53
2,405
380
1
2
I
29
6
251
32
34
3
6
1
14
532
16
13
186
134
88
83
12
273
8
9
29
14
101
22
8
2
56
2
I
21
362
10
261
67
18
36
4
7
24
1
7
3
2
3
34
2
1
20
2
2
1
3
190
TABLE 69. ALIENS UNDER DOCKET CONTROL REQUIRED TO DEPART BY CRIMINAL STATUS
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1993-97— Continued
Region and country
of nationality '
All countries
Europe
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia, former .
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Unknown republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Monaco
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia, former
Bosnia-Herzegovina ...
Croatia
Macedonia
Unknown
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, People's Republic
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
1996
Total
4387
322
3
3
3
29
II
I
4
6
15
15
5
6
I
5
14
2
1
6
3
39
2
36
60
14
28
13
1
4
5
5
2
34
17
1
2
2
12
451
2
10
31
I
7
37
4
11
Criminal '
436
8
1
14
1
Non-
criminal
3,951
314
3
2
3
29
II
I
4
6
15
15
5
6
I
5
13
2
1
6
3
39
1
36
59
14
27
13
1
4
5
4
2
31
17
1
2
2
12
437
1
10
29
I
7
36
4
II
1997
Total
6,677
454
2
I
2
41
27
2
10
15
1
12
29
3
9
4
7
1
11
1
47
9
59
97
29
2
2
4
4
3
31
21
I
12
3
I
35
32
2
3
27
577
10
60
7
67
10
23
Criminal '
664
20
1
I
20
Non-
criminal
6,013
434
2
I
I
40
27
2
10
15
1
12
29
3
9
3
6
1
11
1
46
8
59
91
26
2
2
3
4
3
30
20
1
10
3
1
30
31
2
3
26
557
10
59
7
67
10
22
See footnotes at end of table.
191
TABLE 69. ALIENS UNDER DOCKET CONTROL REQUIRED TO DEPART BY CRIMINAL STATUS
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1993-97— Continued
Region and country
of nationality '
1996
Total
Criminal '
Non-
criminal
1997
Total
Criminal'
Non-
criminal
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Macau
Malaysia
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
Yemen
Africa
Algeria
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Congo, Democratic Republic '
Congo, Republic'
Cote d'lvoire
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Kenya
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Mali
Mauritius
Morocco
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Tongo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
See footnotes at end of (able.
1
16
17
15
23
2
4
16
1
13
178
1
1
18
1
9
15
6
3
1
75
2
1
15
16
15
21
1
4
15
1
13
177
1
18
1
9
15
6
72
2
4
1
3
4
2
18
17
29
33
1
5
19
1
56
159
1
19
8
5
10
4
4
3
139
4
1
6
12
3
15
4
8
2
1
2
5
1
2
22
7
11
7
15
4
1
2
2
17
17
28
30
3
17
1
53
155
1
19
8
5
10
3
4
3
131
4
1
6
12
3
15
4
6
2
1
2
5
1
2
19
7
II
7
14
3
1
1
2
1
192
TABLE 69. ALIENS UNDER DOCKET CONTROL REQUIRED TO DEPART BY CRIMINAL STATUS
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1993-97— Continued
Region and country
of nationality '
Oceania —...„.. „.
American Samoa
Australia
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Micronesia, Federated States
New Zealand
Palau
Polynesia, French
Samoa '
Tonga
Vanuatu
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean „
Antigua-Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Montserrat
Netherlands Antilles
St. Kitts-Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & the Grenadines .
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands
Central America ............... .
Belize
Costa Rica
EI Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America .
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
Unknown and not reported
1996
Total
39
4
2
10
1
2
3
8
5
3
1
3305
59
2,426
284
2
2
1
18
9
176
13
28
2
4
4
1
24
536
7
7
174
137
146
50
15
190
8
8
23
9
41
28
7
43
2
1
20
Criminal '
395
1
318
51
11
19
2
15
25
1
6
6
7
1
4
13
Non-
criminal
36
4
2
8
1
1
3
8
5
3
1
2,910
58
2,108
233
2
1
7
9
157
11
13
2
4
4
1
22
511
7
6
168
131
139
49
11
177
8
8
23
7
36
25
6
42
2
20
1997
Total
35
5
9
1
3
1
9
6
1
5,109
60
3,722
430
4
4
2
1
1
20
21
279
10
46
2
1
6
7
1
25
897
7
16
364
246
166
86
12
355
9
29
61
14
68
52
9
92
21
Criminal '
573
6
449
84
1
1
12
2
42
1
18
1
34
2
11
8
7
2
4
41
1
2
2
20
3
7
1
Non-
criminal
34
5
9
4,536
54
3,273
346
3
3
2
1
1
8
19
237
9
28
1
1
6
7
I
19
863
5
16
353
238
159
84
314
9
28
59
12
48
49
2
87
20
' Country is defined as nationality for sovereign states and country of birth for dependencies. ' Criminal stanjs includes
those cases in which INS has evidence of a conviction. ' In May 1997 Zaire was formally recognized as the Democratic
Republic of the Congo; the Congo is referred to by its conventional name, the Republic of the Congo. ■* In August 1997
Western Samoa was formally recognized as Samoa (Independent State).
NOTE: Ahens under docket control required to depart are a type of voluntary departure. - Represents zero.
193
TABLE 70. SERVICE PARTICIPATION IN THE CONTROL OF MARIJUANA, NARCOTICS,
AND DANGEROUS DRUG TRAFFIC
FISCAL YEARS 1986-97
Year and seizure
Type of contraband
Marijuana
(lbs.)
Heroin
(ozs.)
Opium
(ozs.)
Cocaine
(ozs.)
Hashish
(ozs.)
Dangerous
drug pills
(units)
Other
1986:
Number of seizures
Amount seized
Estimated value of seizures (dollars)
1987:
Number of seizures
Amount seized
Estimated value of seizures (dollars)
1988:
Number of seizures
Amoimt seized
Estimated value of seizures (dollars)
1989:
Number of seizures
Amount seized
Estimated value of seizures (dollars)
1990:
Number of seizures
Amount seized
Estimated value of seizures (dollars)
1991:
Number of seizures
Amount seized
Estimated value of seizures (dollars)
1992:
Number of seizures
Amount seized
Estimated value of seizures (dollars)
1993:
Number of seizures
Amount seized
Estimated value of seizures (dollars)
1994:
Number of seizures
Amount seized
Estimated value of seizures (dollars)
1995:
Number of seizures
Amount seized
Estimated value of seizures (dollars)
1996:
Number of seizures
Amount seized
Estimated value of seizures (dollars)
1997:
Number of seizures
Amount seized
Estimated value of seizures (dollars)
2,377
143,232.8
91,173,982
4,003
225,946.7
188,351,449
4,190
333,790.1
250,444,625
5,920
556,864.7
442,913,841
4,759
441,125.9
335,137,424
4,983
388,104.3
330,633,986
6,162
587,512.5
552,035,249
7,846
683.687.3
584,183,518
7,149
676,409.3
573,151,772
6.713
724.523.7
623,098,290
6,843
752,821.8
621.459,396
7,715
873,193.4
720.270,279
71
990.4
59,758,294
83
1,327.4
27,261,814
126
1,307.0
40,370,058
368
23,767.6
193,443,462
577
6,193.0
56,229,417
403
3,717.3
31,734,541
285
6,859.6
70,081,917
269
5.976.3
37.977.961
281
5.792.0
22,924,897
271
13,205.5
40,781,651
230
32,755.3
98,118,654
178
3,182.5
15,327,020
3
65.1
1,529,600
3
184.1
103,300
3
19.8
250,800
13
231.3
216,803
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
291
44.200.5
111.111.329
511
209.259.8
435.983.013
676
236.520.4
505,038.974
1.609
641.487.5
1.346,492,775
1,847
832,419.0
1,334,308,733
1,624
877,419.5
1,224,947,975
1,265
796.681.0
1.008.758,349
1,219
847,745.8
1,565,789,390
977
792,470.5
1,523,220,862
924
1,362.257.8
2,214,676,534
767
574.536.5
834,304,496
649
421,113.8
637,118,737
391
460.7
182,965
279
115.6
28,312
259
107.9
39,634
181
79.0
101,486
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
238
160,392
267.252
312
654.437
2.525.201
231
104.043
145.194
224
6.113.197
1.896.080
164
73,249
230,468
133
160.431
380.698
93
362,199
2,763,233
112
75,965
173,414
116
104,658
445,487
134
250,970
228,989
173
331,165
507,961
142
1,982,769
931,830
110
X
180,581
201
X
7,423,275
339
X
7,245,615
441
X
2,870,994
388
X
13.527.003
289
X
5.783,668
276
X
2,215,141
364
X
15,909,284
412
X
34,347,991
371
X
36,550,675
285
X
23.281.958
338
X
31.189.091
_L
NOTE: Data for fiscal years 1993-96 presented in the last edition of Ihe Yearbook have been updated and corrected,
seizures is combined with heroin, and hashish is combined with marijuana. X Not applicable.
194
Starting in 1990, the reporting of opium
TABLE 71. PROSECUTIONS, FINES, AND IMPRISONMENT FOR IMMIGRATION
AND NATIONALITY VIOLATIONS
FISCAL YEARS 1991-97
Action taken
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Prosecutions:
Total disposed of .
Convictions
Acquittals
Dismissals '
Prosecutions for immigration violations:
Disposed of
Convictions
Acquittals
Dismissals '
Prosecution for nationality violations:
Disposed of .
Convictions
Acquittals
Dismissals '
Aggregate fines and imprisonment:
Fines (dollars)
Immigration violations
Nationality violations
Imprisonment (years)
Immigration violations
Nationality violations
18,882
11,509
80
7.293
18,297
11,392
77
6,828
58S
117
3
465
2,622,659
2,508,084
114,575
5,748
5.610
138
14,655
9,865
57
4.733
14,138
9,766
57
4,315
517
99
418
1,673,488
1,670,839
2,649
5,592
5,550
42
14,429
11,685
31
2,713
14363
11.619
31
2.713
66
66
1,074,717
1,069,757
4.960
6,413
6,384
29
11,518
10,210
16
1.292
11,485
10.178
15
1,292
33
32
1
450,729
444,909
5,820
6,214
6,198
16
13,557
12,075
72
1.410
13,519
12.038
72
1.409
38
37
906,675
894,825
11,850
6,834
6,811
23
14,173
12,121
54
1,998
14,136
12,086
54
1.996
37
35
1,101,592
1,101,292
300
6,793
6,774
19
Dismissed or otherwise closed. - Represents zero.
Vole: Data for fiscal years 1993-96 presented in the 1996 edition of the Statistical Yearbook have been updated and corrected.
TABLE 72. CONVICTIONS FOR IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY VIOLATIONS
FISCAL YEARS 1991-97
Violations
KU violations
Jnmjgration violations
Entry of aliens illegally
Reentries of deported aliens
Bringing in, transporting, harboring, and
inducing illegal entry of aliens
Fraud, misuse of visas, entry permits.
and other entry documents
Fraud and false statements or entries
Alien registration or alien address
violations
Producing, transferring, possessing,
using, or selling false identification
documents
Conspire to defraud U.S
Producing, processing, selling of a
controlled substance
Other violations
<lationality violations „
False representation as citizens of U.S
False statements and procurement of
citizenship or naturalization unlawfully
Reproduction and sale of citizenship
and naturalization papers
1991
11,509
11392
7,214
547
1,498
318
68
93
602
252
466
334
117
69
36
12
1992
9,865
9,766
6,341
477
977
306
109
39
497
121
498
401
99
59
37
3
1993
11,685
11,619
7,179
766
1,008
293
116
802
699
742
7
66
56
1994
10,210
10,178
6,607
803
732
306
40
15
672
462
523
18
32
24
3
5
1995
12,075
12,038
7,430
1,475
763
211
61
34
1,123
442
477
22
37
27
5
5
NA Not available.
'Ote: Data for fiscal years 1993-% presented in the 1996 edition of the Statistical Yearbook have been updated and corrected.
1996
12,121
12,086
6,331
2,331
1,307
193
52
768
666
408
23
35
16
4
15
17,081
16,184
12
885
17,004
16.109
12
883
77
75
751,500
734.261
17.239
11,038
11.014
24
1997
16,184
16,109
9.703
2.859
1,185
161
77
1,181
344
562
26
75
37
21
17
195
TABLE 73. WRITS OF HABEAS CORPUS, JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ORDERS OF DEPORTATION, AND
DECLARATORY JUDGEMENTS IN EXCLUSION AND DEPORTATION CASES
FISCAL YEARS 1991-97
Action taken
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997'
Writs of habeas corpus:
Total disposed of
Favorable to U.S. government
Unfavorable to U.S. government
Withdrawn or otherwise closed
Total pending end of year
Judicial review of orders of deportation
(Section 106, INA):
Total disposed of
Favorable to U.S. government
Unfavorable to U.S. government
Withdrawn or otherwise closed
Total pending end of year
Declaratory judgements:
Total disposed of
Favorable to U.S. government
Unfavorable to U.S. government
Withdrawn or otherwise closed
Involving claims of U.S. nationality (8 U.S.C. 1503)
Favorable to U.S. government
Unfavorable to U.S. government
Withdrawn or otherwise closed
Involving exclusion or deportation
Favorable to U.S. government
Unfavorable to U.S. government
Withdrawn or otherwise closed
397
363
15
19
248
392
252
35
105
593
191
141
13
37
4
1
3
187
141
12
34
331
278
12
41
388
608
441
57
110
708
182
137
21
24
19
17
1
1
163
120
20
23
447
405
15
27
425
807
595
97
115
766
173
137
18
18
7
6
1
166
131
18
17
343
301
21
21
553
685
575
58
52
837
145
129
3
13
4
3
141
126
3
12
436
353
23
60
532
823
668
101
54
848
158
115
19
24
10
4
4
2
148
111
17
20
421
353
27
41
596
584
466
21
97
766
796
1,201
659
933
93
80
44
188
869
1,405
143
184
114
104
14
16
15
64
5
15
5
7
-
1
-
7
138
169
109
97
14
15
15
57
' Includes complete counts from the New York District office beginning in fiscal year 1997; in prior years, only actions taken at the Brooklyn Office were reported.
- Represents zero.
196
TABLE 74. PRIVATE IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY BILLS
INTRODUCED AND LAWS ENACTED
77TH THROUGH 105TH CONGRESS
Congress
Laws
enacted
105th Congress (flrst session)
104th Congress
103rd Congress
102nd Congress
101st Congress
100th Congress
99th Congress
98th Congress
97th Congress
96th Congress
95th Congress
94th Congress
93rd Congress
92nd Congress
91st Congress
90th Congress
89th Congress
88th Congress
87th Congress
86th Congress
85th Congress
84th Congress
83rd Congress
82nd Congress
8 1st Congress
80th Congress
79th Congress
78th Congress
77th Congress
- Represents zero.
2
4
11
7
20
15
33
42
83
138
99
63
62
113
218
279
196
544
488
927
1,227
753
729
505
121
14
12
22
197
VII. ESTIMATES
This section presents estimates of the number of persons who leave the United States
to talie up residence elsewhere, as well as the number and characteristics
of persons residing in this country illegally, and describes INS'
efforts to develop reliable information on the total number
of persons who enter the United States each year.
Although a considerable amount of detailed
information is available about immigrants, temporary
visitors, and other categories of international migrants to
the United States, significant gaps remain in our
knowledge about immigration to the United States. In
some areas these deficiencies persist because of the
inherent difficulty in estimating the numbers, as is the case
for emigration and illegal immigration. As a result, no
detailed tables on these two categories are included in the
Statistical Yearbook.
Emigration
The collection of statistics on emigration from the United
States was discontinued in 1957; no direct measure of
emigration has been available since then. Estimates
compiled in this country and statistics collected in other
countries indicate that emigration from the United States
has increased steadily since the 1950s, exceeding 100,000
per year from 1970 to 1990, and surpassing 200,000 in the
1990s. These figures are consistent with U.S. historical
experience; between 1900 and 1990, approximately 38
million immigrants were admitted, and an estimated 12
million foreign-born persons emigrated. ' That is, for every
100 immigrants admitted, roughly 30 returned home (see
Table M).
The U.S. Bureau of the Census currently uses an annual
emigration figure of 222,000, which includes both citizens
and aliens, for computing national population estimates.
Statistics (shown above) on U.S. residents migrating to
other countries published by the United Nations and the
Economic Commission for Europe indicate that emigration
from the United States could be substantially above
200,000 annually.
Accurate, detailed, and timely estimates of emigration are
needed to develop and evaluate U.S. immigration policy, to
derive accurate national and local population estimates
(including estimates of illegal immigration), and to
Warren, Robert and Ellen Percy Kraly, 1985, The Elusive Exodus: Emigration
from the United Stales, Population Trends and Public Policy Occasional Paper
No. 8, March, Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C.
Table M
Immigration and Emigration by Decade: 1901-90
Immigrants Emigrants Net Ratio:
Period to the U.S. from the U.S. Immigration Emigration/
(Thousands) (Thousands) (Thousands) Immigration
Total, 1901-90 37,869 11,882 25,987 .31
1981-90 7,338 1,600 5,738 .22
1971-80 4,493 1,176 3,317 .26
1961-70 3,322 900 2,422 .27
1951-60 2,515 425 2,090 .17
1941-50 1,035 281 754 .27
1931-40 528 649 -121 1.23
1921-30 4,107 1,685 2,422 .41
1911-20 5,736 2,157 3,579 .38
1901-10 8,795 3,008 5,787 .34
Source: 1995 Statistical Yearbook, Table 1; Warren, Robert and Ellen Percy Kraly, 1985, The Elusive Exodus: Emigration from the United
States, Population Trends and Public Policy Occasional Paper No. 8, March, Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C.
198
Emigration from the United States to
Top Ten Countries of Destination:
Selected Years, 1980s
All countries 241,000
1. Mexico 55,000
2. United Kingdom 31,000
3. Germany 29,000
4. Canada 20,000
5. Japan 19,000
6. Philippines 19,000
7. Guatemala 13,000
8. Indonesia 9,000
9. Australia 8,000
10. Italy 4,000
Source: 1989 U.N. Demographic Yearbook, Table 28; Economic
Commission for Europe, CES/710/Corr.
measure coverage of the decennial censuses. The sketchy
data that are available indicate that emigration is a large
and growing component of U.S. population change.
However, partly because of inherent methodological
difficulties, data on emigration from the United States are
not being collected.
estimates of the undocumented population have been
computed for each state of residence and for nearly 100
countries of origin.
Data Overview
About 5.0 million undocumented immigrants were residing
in the United States in October 1996, with a range of about
4.6 to 5.4 million. The population was estimated to be
growing by about 275,000 each year, which is about
25,000 lower than the annual level of growth estimated by
the INS in 1994.
California is the leading state of residence, with 2.0
million, or 40 percent of the undocumented population.
The 7 states with the largest estimated numbers of
undocumented immigrants — California (2.0 million),
Texas (700,000), New York (540,000), Florida (350,000),
Illinois (290,000), New Jersey (135,000), and Arizona
(1 15,000)— accounted for 83 percent of the total
population in October 1996.
The 5.0 million undocumented iminigrants made up about
1.9 percent of the total U.S. population, with the highest
percentages in California, the District of Columbia, and
Texas. In the majority of states, undocumented residents
comprise less than 1 percent of the population.
Illegal Immigrants '
In 1994 the INS released detailed estimates of the
undocumented immigrant population residing in the
United States as of October 1992. ' Those estimates were
useful for a variety of purposes, including planning and
policy development at the national and state level,
evaluating the effects of proposed legislation, and
assessing the fiscal impacts of undocumented
immigration.
Over the past 2 years, the INS has revised those estimates
and updated them to October 1996. The estimates
presented here incorporate new data on the foreign-born
population collected by the Census Bureau, improvements
in the methodology recommended by the General
Accounting Office (GAO), suggestions provided by
outside reviewers, and further analyses of INS' data
sources and estimation procedures. Revised and updated
The estimated illegal immigrant population from the Dominican
Republic shown in Table N was revised from 50,000 (shown in the 1995
Yearbook) to 75,000 following a review of the estimates for Dominica
and the Dominican Republic.
' Warren, Robert, 1994, Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant
Population Residing in the United States, by Country of Origin and State
of Residence: October 1992, Unpublished paper, U.S. Immigration and
Naturalization Service.
An estimated 5 million
undocumented immigrants
were residing in the
United States in October 1996.
Mexico is the leading country of origin, with 2.7 million,
or 54 percent, of the population. The Mexican
undocumented population has grown at an average annual
level of just over 150,000 since 1988. The 15 countries
with 50,000 or more undocumented immigrants in 1996
accounted for 82 percent of the total population. The large
majority, over 80 percent, of all undocumented immigrants
are from countries in the Western Hemisphere.
About 2.1 million, or 41 percent, of the total
undocumented population in 1996 are nonimmigrant
overstays. That is, they entered legally on a temporary
basis and failed to depart. The proportion of the
undocumented population who are overstays varies
considerably by country of origin. About 16 percent of the
Mexican undocumented population are nonimmigrant
overstays, compared to 26 percent of those from Central
America, and 91 percent from all other countries.
199
National estimates
The total number of undocumented immigrants residing in
the United States in October 1996 is estimated to be 5.0
million (Table N), with a range of about 4.6 to 5.4 million.
The estimate for October 1996 is about 1.1 million higher
than the revised estimate of 3.9 million for October 1992;
this implies that the population grew by about 275,000
annually during the 1992-96 period, about the same as the
annual growth of 281,000 estimated for the previous
period. The original INS estimates for October 1992 and
October 1988, released in 1994, showed average annual
growth of 300,000.
The undocumented population grows at varying levels
from year to year, but the data available to make these
estimates do not permit the derivation of annual figures to
measure year-to-year changes. However, the similar levels
of growth for the 1988-92 and 1992-96 periods, 281,000
and 275,000, respectively, suggest that the overall level of
growth has been fairly constant over the past decade. This
also indicates that the rate of growth of the undocumented
resident population has declined since 1988.
State of residence
The estimates for states reflect the well-established pattern
of geographic concentration of undocumented immigrants
in the United States. As expected, California was the
leading state of residence, with 2.0 million, or 40 percent,
of the total number of undocumented residents in October
1996. Seven states — California (2.0 million), Texas
(700,000), New York (540,000), Florida (350,000), niinois
(290,000), New Jersey (135,000), and Arizona
(115,000) — accounted for 83 percent of the population in
October 1996 (Table N).
The estimated undocumented population of California has
grown by an average of about 100,000 annually since the
end of the IRCA legalization program in 1988. More than
83 percent of total growth of the undocumented population
since 1988 has occurred in the top seven states. With the
Table N
Estimated Illegal Immigrant Population for Top Twenty Countries
of Origin and Top Twenty States of Residence: October 1996
I
Country of origin
Population
State of residence
Population
All countries
I.Mexico
2. El Salvador....
3. Guatemala
4. Canada
5. Haiti
6. Philippines
7. Honduras
S.Dominican Republic
9. Nicaragua
10. Poland
1 1 . Bahamas, The
12. Colombia
13. Ecuador
14. Trinidad & Tobago
15. Jamaica
16. Pakistan
17. India
18. Ireland ..
19. Korea ....
20. Peru
Other
5,000,000
2,700,000
335,000
165,000
120,000
105,000
95,000
90,000
75,000
70,000
70,000
70,000
65,000
55,000
50,000
50,000
41,000
33,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
721,000
All states .
I.California .
2. Texas
3. New York
4. Florida
5. Illinois
6. New Jersey
7. Arizona
S.Massachusetts
9. Virginia
10. Washington ....
11. Colorado
12. Maryland
13. Michigan
M.Pennsylvania
15. New Mexico
16. Oregon
17. Georgia
18. District of Columbia
19. Connecticut
20. Nevada
Other
5,000,000
2,000,000
700,000
540,000
350,000
290,000
135,000
115,000
85,000
55,000
52,000
45,000
44,000
37,000
37,000
37,000
33,000
32,000
30,000
29,000
24,000
330,000
The estimated illegal immigrant population from the Dominican Republic was revised from 50,000 (shown in the 1995 Yearbook) to 75,000 following a
review of the estimates for Dominica and the Dominican Republic.
200
exception of Massachusetts (6,000), none of the remaining
43 states grew by more than 3,000 undocumented
residents annually. In 27 states, the undocumented
population grew by an average of 1,000 or less each year.
Country of origin
Mexico is the leading source country of undocumented
immigration to the United States. In October 1996 an
estimated 2.7 million undocumented immigrants from
Mexico had established residence here (Table N). Mexican
undocumented immigrants constituted about 54 percent of
the total undocumented population. The estimated
population from Mexico increased by just over 150,000
annually in both the 1988-92 and 1992-96 periods.
The estimated number of Mexican undocumented
immigrants who arrived between 1990 and 1996 is based
on data on country of birth and year of immigration
collected by the Census Bureau in the March 1994, 1995,
and 1996 Current Population Surveys (CPS).
Demographic analysis of the CPS data indicates that
approximately 230,000 undocumented Mexican
immigrants established residence annually between 1990
and 1996. This is the net annual addition of
undocumented Mexicans who arrived during the period.
Note, however, that it does not reflect the average annual
growth of the Mexican undocumented population. To
compute average annual growth it is necessary to subtract
the number of undocumented Mexicans who lived here in
January 1990 and who emigrated, died, or adjusted to legal
permanent resident status during the 1990-96 period. This
last step produces the estimate cited above of just over
150,000 annual growth of the Mexican undocumented
population since 1988.
In October 1996, 15 countries were each the source of
50,(KX) or more undocumented immigrants (Table N). The
top five countries are geographically close to the United
states — Mexico, El Salvador, Guatemala, Canada, and
Haiti. Of the top 15 countries, only the Philippines and
Poland are outside the Western Hemisphere. The
estimated undocumented population from Poland has
declined by more than 25 percent, from 95,000 to 70,000,
since 1988, possibly reflecting changed conditions in that
country over the last several years.
Although undocumented immigrants come to the United
States from all countries of the world, relatively few
countries add substantially to the population. The annual
growth of the undocumented population can be grouped
into four disparate categories: 1) Mexico, with more than
half of the annual growth, adds just over 150,000
undocumented residents each year; 2) six countries — El
Salvador, Guatemala, Canada, Haiti, Honduras, and the
Dominican Republic — each add between 6,0{X) and 12,000
annually; 3) thirteen countries each add about 2,000 to
4,000 annually; and 4) the remaining approximately 200
other countries add a total of about 30,000 undocumented
residents each year (Table N). A large majority of the
additions each year, more than 80 percent, are from
countries in the Western Hemisphere.
Estimation Procedure
Methodology
The estimates were constructed by combining detailed
statistics, by year of entry, for each component of change
that contributes to the undocumented immigrant
population residing in the United States. For most
countries of the world, the typical way of entering the
undocumented population in the United States is to arrive
as a nonimmigrant and stay beyond the specified period
of admission. This segment of the population, referred to
here as "nonimmigrant overstays", constitutes roughly 40
percent of the undocumented immigrant population
residing in the United States. The rest of the population,
more widely publicized, enter surreptitiously across land
borders, usually between official ports of entry. This part
of the population, often referred to as EWIs (entry
without inspection), includes persons from nearly every
country, but a large majority of them are from Mexico;
most of the rest are natives of Central American
countries.
Primary sets of data
The figures presented here were constructed from five
primary sets of data. Each set of data was compiled
separately for 99 countries and each continent of origin.
1) Entered before 7982— estimates (as of October 1988)
of the undocumented immigrant population who
established residence in the United States before 1982 and
did not legalize under the Immigration Reform and Control
Act (IRC A) of 1986. The assumption used to estimate this
part of the population is based on estimates developed by
the Census Bureau using data from the June 1988 Current
Population Survey (CPS).
2) Net overstays — estimates for 1982 to 1996 of the net
number of nonimmigrant overstays, for 99 countries of
origin, derived from INS data bases. Estimates were
derived by: a) matching INS 1-94 arrival/departure
records; b) adjusting for the incomplete collection of
departure forms; and c) subtracting the number of
nonimmigrant overstays who subsequently either departed
or adjusted to legal resident status.
3) Net EWIs — estimates of the number from each country
who entered without inspection (EWI) and established
residence here between 1982 and 1996. A very large
majority of all EWIs are from Mexico. Average annual
estimates of Mexican EWIs were derived by: a) adjusting
201
the CPS count of the Mexican-born population for
underenumeration; b) subtracting the estimated legally
resident population counted in the CPS; and c) subtracting
the estimated number of net overstays.
4) Mortality — estimates of the annual number of deaths to
the resident undocumented immigrant population. The
estimates were derived using an annual crude death rate of
3.9 per 1,000, which was computed using a modified age
distribution of IRCA applicants and age-specific death
rates of the foreign-bom population.
5) Emigration — estimates of the number of undocumented
immigrants who resided here at the beginning of a period
(either October 1988 or October 1992), and who emigrated
from the United States in the following 4-year period.
Estimates of emigration are based on statistics published
by the Census Bureau in Technical Paper No. 9.
Construction of the estimates
Estimates of the undocumented immigrant population
were derived for October 1988, October 1992, and
October 1996 for 99 individual countries and for each
continent of origin. The calculations were carried out
separately for overstays and EWIs.
Estimates by state of residence
In the earlier estimates for October 1992, the state
distribution of the undocumented population was based on
the U.S. residence pattern of each country's applicants for
legalization under IRCA; the results were summed to
obtain state totals. This assumed that, for each country of
origin, undocumented immigrants who resided in the
United States in October 1992 had the same U.S. residence
pattern as IRCA applicants from that country. The revised
and updated estimates presented here incorporate the same
assumption for the October 1988 undocumented
population. However, it was necessary to develop new
methods of deriving state estimates for October 1992 and
1996 that would reflect more recent patterns of geographic
settlement.
As noted, the estimates of the undocumented population
were constructed separately for overstays and EWIs. This
permitted the distribution of the overstay and EWI
populations to states using data most appropriate for the
type of population. For overstays, the cohorts that arrived
in the 1988-92 and 1992-96 periods were distributed to
state of residence based on annual estimates of overstays
by state of destination for 1986 to 1989. For EWIs who
entered during these periods, the totals were distributed to
state of residence using INS statistics for the early 1 990s
on the destination of the beneficiaries of aliens who
legalized under IRCA.
Limitations of Data 1
Estimating the size of a hidden population is inherently
difficult. Overall, the figures presented here generally
reflect the size, origin, and geographic distribution of the
undocumented immigrant population residing in the United
States during the mid-1990s. The estimates probably
reduce the range of error for the total population to a few
hundred thousand rather than a few million, which was the
error range during the late 1970s and into the 1980s. The
estimates for most countries should be fairly precise
because they were constructed primarily from data on
nonimmigrant arrivals, departures, and adjustments of
status that have relatively small margins of error.
I
Although the estimates are based on the most reliable
information available, they clearly have limitations. For
example, the estimates make no allowance for students or
other long-term nonimmigrants, and the estimates for
some countries could be underestimated because of special
circumstances {e.g., Dominicans entering illegally via
Puerto Rico; ships arriving undetected from China).
The figures for some countries overstate the actual
undocumented population. In general, the net
nonimmigrant overstay figures are more likely to be
overestimates than underestimates because the collection
of departure forms for long-term overstays who depart
probably is less complete than for those who depart within
the first year. Il
The estimates include a large number of persons who have
not been admitted for lawful permanent residence but are
permitted to remain in the United States pending the
determination of their status or until conditions improve in
their country of origin. This category includes many of
the undocumented immigrants from El Salvador, aliens
from other countries in a status referred to as "deferred
enforced departure", and IRCA applicants whose cases
have not been finally resolved.
In a few cases, the estimates appear to be too high, but we
have no basis for making downward adjustments. For
example, the estimates for the Bahamas appear to be much
too large because they imply that a relatively large
proportion of the population is residing illegally in the
United States, whereas large-scale undocumented
immigration from the Bahamas has not been observed
previously. In addition, the estimates shown in the 1995
Yearbook for Dominica were considerably higher than
would be expected based on the number of IRCA
applicants from Dominica. This overstatement could have
occurred because of processing problems with 1-94
arrival/departure documents, with the result that overstays
202
from Dominica are overestimated and those from the
Dominican Republic underestimated. The figures shown
in this edition of the Yearbook have been adjusted to
account for this anomily in the data used to estimate
overstays.
The number of EWIs is the most difficult component to
estimate with precision, and errors in this component have
the largest effect on the estimated undocumented
population from Mexico. In particular, the shortage of
information about two components — emigration of legally
resident immigrants and undercount in the CPS — makes it
difficult to derive acceptable residual estimates of the
number of undocumented immigrants counted in the CPS.
The estimates presented here are based on the most
extensive array of figures ever compiled for the purpose;
nevertheless, they should be used with caution because of
the inherent limitations in the data available for estimating
the undocumented immigrant population.
Inspections
The text and table on the estimated number of aliens and
citizens admitted by state and port of entry are omitted
from this edition of the Statistical Yearbook. The largest
component of the admissions is the number of persons
who enter at land border ports. Information developed
from survey data indicates that the estimation procedures
used during the past few years at some land ports have
resulted in an overstatement of the total number of entries
into the United States. The methodology used to derive
estimates of the number of passengers per vehicle and the
proportion of aliens and U.S. citizens is being evaluated
and revised. Publication of this data series is expected to
resume in future years.
203
Appendixes
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Immigration Limits: Fiscal Year 1997
Glossary
Data Sources
Table Genealogy
.PPENDEX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
The following compilation of federal immigration and naturalization statutes in the United States provides
an overview of the legislative history of immigration to the United States. It is not exhaustive either for the
number of bills enacted or for the specific points of law within each bill. This review of the federal legislative
process fosters a general understanding of the major issues as they developed in the area of immigration and
naturalization in the United States. The dates of enactment and Statutes-at-Large reference numbers are
presented in chronological order; they provide a basis for further inquiry for more detailed information.
Act
Major Features
Act of March 26, 1790
(7 Statutes-at-Large 103)
The first federal activity in an area previously under the control of the individual
states, this act established a uniform rule for naturalization by setting the residence
requirement at two years.
Act of January 29, 1795
(7 Statutes-at-Large 414)
Repealed the 1790 act, raised the residence requirement to five years and required a
declaration of intention to seek citizenship at least three years before naturalization.
3. Naturalization Act of June 18, 1798
(7 Statutes-at-Large 566)
Provisions:
a. Clerks of court must furnish information about each record of naturalization
to the Secretary of State.
b. Registry of each alien residing in the United States at that time, as well as
those arriving thereafter.
c. Raised the residence requirement for naturalization to fourteen years.
4. Aliens Act of June 25, 1798
(7 Statutes-at-Large 570)
Represented the first Federal law pertinent to immigration rather than
naturalization. Provisions:
a. Authorized the President to arrest and/or deport any alien whom he deemed
dangerous to the United States.
b. Required the captain of any vessel to report the arrival of aliens on board
such vessel to the Collector, or other chief officer, of the Customs of the Port.
This law expired two years after its enactment.
Alien Enemy Act of July 6, 1798
(7 Statutes-at-Large 577)
Provided that in the case of declared war or invasion the President shall have the
power to restrain or remove alien enemy males of fourteen years and upwards, but
with due protection of their property rights as stipulated by treaty.
6. Naturalization Act of April 14, 1802
(2 Statutes-at-Large 153)
Provisions:
a. Reduced the residence period for naturalization from fourteen to five years.
b. Established basic requirements for naturalization, including good moral
character, allegiance to the Constitution, a formal declaration of intention, and
witnesses.
A.1-1
Appendix
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Steerage Act of March 2, 1819
(5 Statutes-at-Large 488)
i
First significant Federal law relating to immigration. Provisions:
a. Established the continuing reporting of immigration to the United States by
requiring that passenger lists or manifests of all arriving vessels be delivered to the
local Collector of Customs, copies transmitted to the Secretary of State, and the
information reported to Congress.
b. Set specific sustenance rules for passengers of ships leaving U.S. ports for Europe.
c. Somewhat restricted the number of passengers on all vessels either coming to
or leaving the United States.
Act of May 26, 1824
(4 Statutes-at-Large 36)
Facilitated the naturalization of certain aliens who had entered the United States as
minors, by setting a two-year instead of a three-year interval between declaration of
intention and admission to citizenship.
9. Act of February 22, 1847
{9 Statutes-at-Large 127)
"Passenger Acts," provided specific regulations to safeguard passengers on
merchant vessels. Subsequently amended by the Act of March 2, 1847 expanding
the allowance of passenger space.
10. Passenger Act of March 3, 1855
{10 Statutes-at-Large 715)
Provisions:
a. Repealed the Passenger Acts (see the 1847 act) and combined their provisions
in a codified form.
b. Reaffirmed the duty of the captain of any vessel to report the arrival of alien
passengers.
c. Established separate reporting to the Secretary of State distinguishing
permanent and temporary immigration.
11. Act of February 19, 1862
(72 Statutes-at-Large 340)
12. Act of July 4, 1864
{13 Statutes-at-Large 385)
Prohibited the transportation of Chinese "coolies" on American vessels.
First Congressional attempt to centralize control of immigration. Provisions:
a. A Commissioner of Immigration was appointed by the President to serve
under the authority of the Secretary of State.
b. Authorized immigrant labor contracts whereby would-be immigrants would
pledge their wages to pay for transportation.
On March 30, 1868, the Act of July 4, 1864 was repealed.
13. Naturalization Act of July 14, 1870
{16 Statutes-at-Large 254)
Provisions:
a. Established a system of controls on the naturalization process and penalties
for fraudulent practices.
b. Extended the naturalization laws to aliens of African nativity and to persons
of African descent.
14. Act of March 3, 1875
{18 Statutes-at-Large 477)
Established the policy of direct federal regulation of immigration by prohibiting for
the first time entry to undesirable immigrants.
Provisions:
a. Excluded criminals and prostitutes from admission.
b. Prohibited the bringing of any Oriental persons without their free and
voluntary consent; declared the contracting to supply "coolie" labor a felony.
c. Entrusted the inspection of immigrants to collectors of the ports.
A.1-2
Appendix i
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
15. Chimese Exclusion Act of May 6, 1882
(22 Statutes-at-Large 58)
Provisions:
a. Suspended immigration of Chinese laborers to the United States for ten years.
b. Permitted Chinese laborers already in the United States to remain in the
country after a temporary absence.
c. Provided for deportation of Chinese illegally in the United States.
d. Barred Chinese from naturalization.
e. Permitted the entry of Chinese students, teachers, merchants, or those
"proceeding to the United States ... from curiosity."
On December 17, 1943, the Chinese exclusion laws were repealed.
16. Immigration Act of August 3, 1882
(22 Statutes-at-Large 214)
First general immigration law, established a system of central control of
immigration through State Boards under the Secretary of the Treasury. Provisions:
a. Broadened restrictions on immigration by adding to the classes of
inadmissible aliens, including persons likely to become a pubHc charge.
b. Introduced a tax of 50 cents on each passenger brought to the United States.
17.
Act of February 26, 1885
{23 Statutes-at-Large 332)
The first "Contract Labor Law," made it unlawful to import aliens into the United
States under contract for the performance of labor or services of any kind.
Exceptions were for aliens temporarily in the United States engaging other
foreigners as secretaries, servants, or domestics; actors, artists, lecturers, and
domestic servants; and skilled aliens working in an industry not yet established in
the United States.
18. Act of February 23, 1887
{24 Statutes-at-Large 414)
Amended the Contract Labor Law to render it enforceable by charging the Secretary
of the Treasury with enforcement of the act and providing that prohibited persons be
sent back on arrival.
19. Act of March 3, 1887
{24 Statutes-at-Large 476)
Restricted the ownership of real estate in the United States to American citizens and
those who have lawfully declared their intentions to become citizens, with certain
specific exceptions.
20. Act of October 19, 1888
(25 Statutes-at-Large 566)
First measure since the Aliens Act of 1798 to provide for expulsion of aliens — directed
the return within one year after entry of any immigrant who had landed in violation of
the contract labor laws (see acts of February 26, 1885 and February 23, 1887).
21. Immigration Act of March 3, 1891
{26 Statutes-at-Large 1084)
The first comprehensive law for national control of immigration. Provisions:
a. Established the Bureau of Immigration under the Treasury Department to
administer all immigration laws (except the Chinese Exclusion Act).
b. Further restricted immigration by adding to the inadmissible classes persons
likely to become public charges, persons suffering from certain contagious disease,
felons, persons convicted of other crimes or misdemeanors, polygamists, aliens
assisted by others by payment of passage, and forbade the encouragement of
immigration by means of advertisement.
c. Allowed the Secretary of the Treasury to prescribe rules for inspection along
the borders of Canada, British Columbia, and Mexico so as not to obstruct or
unnecessarily delay, impede, or aimoy passengers in ordinary travel between these
countries and the United States.
d. Directed the deportation of any alien who entered the United States unlawfully.
A. 1-3
lPPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
I
22. Act of March 3, 1893
{27 Statutes-al-Large 570)
Provisions:
a. Added to the reporting requirements regarding alien arrivals to the United
States such new information as occupation, marital status, ability to read or write,
amount of money in possession, and facts regarding physical and mental health.
This information was needed to determine admissibility according to the expanding
list of grounds for exclusion.
b. Established boards of special inquiry to decide the admissibility of alien
arrivals.
23. Act of April 29, 1902
(52 Statutes-at-Large 176)
Extended the existing Chinese exclusion acts until such time as a new treaty with
China was negotiated, and extended the application of the exclusion acts to insular
territories of the United States, including the requirement of a certificate of
residence, except in Hawaii.
24. Act of February 14, 1903
{32 Statutes-at-Large 825)
Transferred the Bureau of Immigration to the newly-created Department of
Commerce and Labor, and expanded the authority of the Commissioner-General of
Immigration in the areas of rulemaking and enforcement of immigration laws.
25. Immigration Act of March 3, 1903
{32 Statutes-at-Large 1213)
An extensive codification of existing immigration law. Provisions:
a. Added to the list of inadmissible immigrants.
b. First measure to provide for the exclusion of aliens on the grounds of
proscribed opinions by excluding "anarchists, or persons who believe in, or
advocate, the overthrow by force or violence the government of the United States,
or of all government, or of all forms of law, or the assassination of public officials."
c. Extended to three years after entry the period during which an alien who was
inadmissible at the time of entry could be deported.
d. Provided for the deportation of aliens who became public charges within two
years after entry from causes existing prior to their landing.
e. Reaffirmed the contract labor law (see the 1885 act).
26. Act of April 27, 1904
{33 Statutes-at-Large 428)
Reaffirmed and made permanent the Chinese exclusion laws. In addifion, clarified
the territories from which Chinese were to be excluded.
27. Naturalization Act of June 29, 1906
{34 Statutes-at-Large 596)
Provisions:
a. Combined the immigration and naturalization functions of the federal
government, changing the Bureau of Immigration to the Bureau of Immigration and
Naturalization.
b. Established fundamental procedural safeguards regarding naturalization, such
as fixed fees and uniform naturalization forms.
c. Made knowledge of the English language a requirement for naturalization.
28. Immigration Act of February 20, 1907
{34 Statutes-at-Large 898)
A major codifying act that incorporated and consolidated earlier legislation:
a. Required aliens to declare intention of permanent or temporary stay in the
United States and officially classified arriving aliens as immigrants and
nonimmigrants, respectively.
b. Increased the head tax to $4.00 (established by the Act of August 3, 1 882 and
raised subsequently).
c. Added to the excludable classes imbeciles, feeble-minded persons, persons
A. 1-4
Appendix i
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Immigration Act of February 20, 1907 — cont.
with physical or mental defects which may affect their ability to earn a living,
persons afflicted with tuberculosis, children unaccompanied by their parents,
persons who admitted the commission of a crime involving moral turpitude, and
women coming to the United States for immoral purposes.
d. Exempted from the provisions of the contract labor law professional actors,
artists, singers, ministers, professors, and domestic servants.
e. Extended from two to three years after entry authority to deport an alien who
had become a public charge from causes which existed before the alien's entry.
f. Authorized the President to refuse admission to certain persons when he was
satisfied that their immigration was detrimental to labor conditions in the United
States. This was aimed mainly at Japanese laborers.
g. Created a Joint Commission on Immigration to make an investigation of the
immigration system in the United States. The findings of this Commission were the
basis for the comprehensive Immigration Act of 1917.
h. Reaffirmed the requirement for manifesting of aliens arriving by water and
added a like requirement with regard to departing aliens.
29.
White Slave Traftic Act of
June 25, 1910
(36 Statutes-at-Large 825)
The Mann Act, prohibited the importation or interstate transportation of women for
immoral purposes.
30.
Act of March 4, 1913
(57 Statutes-at-Large 737)
Divided the Department of Commerce and Labor into separate departments and
transferred the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization to the Department of
Labor. It further divided the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization into a
separate Bureau of Immigration and Bureau of Naturalization, each headed by its
own Commissioner.
3 1 . Immigration Act of February 5, 1917
(59 Statutes-at-Large 874)
Codified all previously enacted exclusion provisions. In addition:
a. Excluded illiterate aliens from entry.
b. Expanded the list of aliens excluded for mental health and other reasons.
c. Further restricted the immigration of Asian persons, creating the "barred
zone" (known as the Asia-Pacific triangle), natives of which were declared
inadmissible.
d. Considerably broadened the classes of aliens deportable from the United States
and introduced the requirement of deportation without statute of limitation in certain
more serious cases.
32.
Act of May 22, 1918
(40 Statutes-at-Large 559)
"Entry and Departure Controls Act," authorized the President to control the
departure and entry in times of war or national emergency of any alien whose
presence was deemed contrary to public safety.
33. Quota Law of May 19, 1921
(42 Statutes-at-Large 5)
The first quantitative immigration law. Provisions:
a. Limited the number of aliens of any nationality entering the United States to
three percent of the foreign-bom persons of that nationality who lived in the United
States in 1910. Approximately 350,0(X) such aliens were permitted to enter each
year as quota immigrants, mostly from Northern and Western Europe.
b. Exempted from this limitation aliens who had resided continuously for at least
one year immediately preceding their application in one of the independent
countries of the Western Hemisphere; nonimmigrant aliens such as government
officials and their households, aliens in transit through the United States, and
A. 1-5
Appendix
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Quota Law of May 19, 1921 — cont.
temporary visitors for business and pleasure; and aliens whose immigration is
regulated by immigration treaty.
c. Actors, artists, lecturers, singers, nurses, ministers, professors, aliens belonging
to any recognized learned profession, and aliens employed as domestic servants
were placed on a nonquota basis.
34. Act of May 11, 1922
(42 Statutes-at-Large 540)
Extended the Act of May 19, 1921 for two years, with amendments:
a. Changed from one year to five-years the residency requirement in a Western
Hemisphere country.
b. Authorized fines of transportation companies for transporting an inadmissible
alien unless it was deemed that inadmissibility was not known to the company and
could not have been discovered with reasonable diligence.
35. Immigration Act of May 26, 1924
{43 Statutes-at-Large 153)
The first permanent limitation on immigration, established the "national origins
quota system." In conjunction with the Immigration Act of 1917, governed
American immigration policy until 1952 (see the Immigration and Nationality Act
of 1952).
Provisions:
a. Contained two quota provisions:
1 . In effect until June 30, 1 927 — set the annual quota of any quota
nationality at two percent of the number of foreign-born
persons of such nationality resident in the continental United States in
1890 (total quota- 164,667).
2. From July 1, 1927 (later postponed to July 1, 1929) to December 31,
1952 — used the national origins quota system: the annual quota for
any country or nationality had the same relation to 150,000 as the
number of inhabitants in the continental United States in 1920 having
that national origin had to the total number of inhabitants in the
continental United States in 1920.
Preference quota status was established for: unmarried children under 21;
parents; spouses of U.S. citizens aged 21 and over; and for quota immigrants aged
21 and over who are sicilled in agriculture, together with their wives and dependent
children under age 16.
b. Nonquota status was accorded to: wives and unmarried children under 18 of U.S.
citizens; natives of Western Hemisphere countries, with their families; nonimmigrants;
and certain others. Subsequent amendments eliminated certain elements of this law's
inherent discrimination against women but comprehensive elimination was not achieved
until 1952 (see the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952).
c. Established the "consular control system" of immigration by mandating that no
alien may be permitted entrance to the United States without an unexpired
immigration visa issued by an American consular officer abroad. Thus, the State
Department and the Immigration and Naturalization Service shared control of
immigration.
d. Introduced the provision that, as a rule, no alien ineligible to become a citizen
shall be admitted to the United States as an immigrant. This was aimed primarily at
Japanese aliens.
e. Imposed fines on transportation companies who landed aliens in violation of
U.S. Immigration laws.
f Defined the term "immigrant" and designated all other alien entries into the
United States as "nonimmigrant" (temporary visitor). Established classes of
admission for nonimmigrant entries.
A. 1-6
Appendix i
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
36.
37.
Act of May 28, 1924
{43 Statutes-at-Large 240)
Act of March 31, 1928
{45 Statutes-at-Large 400)
An appropriations law, provided for the establishment of the U.S. Border Patrol.
Provided more time to work out computation of the quotas established by the
Immigration Act of 1924 by postponing introduction of the quotas until July 1,
1929.
38. Act of April 2, 1928
{45 Statutes-at-Large 401)
Provided that the Immigration Act of 1924 was not to be construed to limit the right
of American Indians to cross the border, but with the proviso that the right does not
extend to members of Indian tribes by adoption.
39. Registry Act of March 2, 1929
{45 Statutes-at-Large 1512)
Amended existing immigration law authorizing the establishment of a record of
lawful admission for certain aliens not ineligible for citizenship when no record of
admission for permanent residence could be found and the alien could prove
entrance to the United States before July 1, 1924 (subsequently amended to June 3,
1921 by the Act of August 7, 1939—53 Statutes-at-Large 1243). Later incorporated
into the Alien Registration Act of 1940.
40.
Act of March 4, 1929
{45 Statutes-at-Large 1551)
Provisions:
a. Added two deportable classes, consisting of aliens convicted of carrying any
weapon or bomb and sentenced to any term of six months or more, and aliens
convicted of violation of the prohibition law for which a sentence of one year or
more is received.
b. Made reentry of a previously deported alien a felony punishable by fine or
imprisonment or both.
c. Made entry by an alien at other than at a designated place or by fraud to be a
misdemeanor punishable by fine or imprisonment or both.
d. Deferred the deportation of an alien sentenced to imprisonment until the
termination of the imprisonment.
41.
Act of February 18, 1931
{46 Statutes-at-Large 1171)
Provided for the deportation of any alien convicted of violation of U.S. laws
concerning the importation, exportation, manufacture, or sale of heroin, opium, or
coca leaves.
42.
Act of March 17, 1932
{47 Statutes-at-Large 67)
Provisions:
a. The contract labor laws were applicable to alien instrumental musicians
whether coming for permanent residence or temporarily.
b. Such aliens shall not be considered artists or professional actors under
the terms of the Immigration Act of 1917, and thereby exempt from the
contract labor laws, unless they are recognized to be of distinguished ability
and are coming to fulfill professional engagements corresponding to such
ability.
c. If the alien qualifies for exemption under the above proviso, the Secretary of
Labor later may prescribe such conditions, including bonding, as will insure the
alien's departure at the end of his engagement.
43.
Act of May 2, 1932
{47 Statutes-at-Large 145)
Amended the Immigration Act of 1917, doubling the allocation for enforcement of
the contract labor laws.
A. 1-7
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
I
44. Act of July 1, 1932
{47 Statutes-at-Large 524)
Amended the Immigration Act of 1924, providing that the specified classes of
nonimmigrant aliens be admitted for a prescribed period of time and under such
conditions, including bonding where deemed necessary, as would ensure departure
at the expiration of the prescribed time or upon failure to maintain the status under
which admitted.
45. Act of July 11, 1932
{47 Statutes-at-Large 656)
Provided exemption from quota limits (i.e., give nonquota status) the husbands of
American citizens, provided that the marriage occurred prior to issuance of the visa
and prior to July 1, 1932. Wives of citizens were accorded nonquota status
regardless of the time of marriage.
46. Act of June 15, 1935
{49 Statutes-at-Large 376)
Designated as a protection for American seamen, repealed the laws giving privileges ol
citizenship regarding service on and protection by American vessels to aliens havinj
their first papers (i.e., having made declaration of intent to become American citizens).
47. Act of May 14, 1937
{50 Statutes-at-Large 164)
Made deportable any alien who at any time after entering the United States:
a. was found to have secured a visa through fraud by contracting a marriagt
which subsequent to entry into the United States had been judicially annullec
retroactively to the date of the marriage; or
b. failed or refused to fulfill his promises for a marital agreement made t(
procure his entry as an immigrant.
48. Act of June 14, 1940
{54 Statutes-at-Large 230)
Presidential Reorganization Plan, transferred the Immigration and Naturalizatioi
Service from the Department of Labor to the Department of Justice as a nations
security measure.
49. Alien Registration Act of
June 28, 1940
{54 Statutes-at-Large 670)
Provisions:
a. Required registration of all aliens and fingerprinting those over 14 years of age
b. Established additional deportable classes, including aliens convicted o
smuggling, or assisting in the illegal entry of, other aliens.
c. Amended the Act of October 16, 1919, making past membership — in additioi-'
to present membership — in proscribed organizations and subversive classes o
aliens grounds for exclusion and deportation.
d. Amended the Immigration Act of 1917, authorizing, in certain meritoriou
cases, voluntary departure in lieu of deportation, and suspension of deportation.
50. Act OF July 1,1940
{54 Statutes-at-Large 711)
Amended the Immigration Act of 1924, requiring aliens admitted as officials o
foreign governments to maintain their status or depart.
51. Nationality Act of October 14, 1940
(Effective January 13, 1941 as
54 Statutes-at-Large 1137)
Codified and revised the naturalization, citizenship, and expatriation laws t<
strengthen the national defense. The naturalization and nationality regulations wer
rewritten and the forms used in naturalization proceedings were revised.
52. Public Safety Act of June 20, 1941
{55 Statutes-at-Large 252)
Directed a consular officer to refuse a visa to any alien seeking to enter the Unitei
States for the purpose of engaging in activities which would endanger the safety o
the United Slates.
A.1-8
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
)3.
Act of June 21, 1941
{55 Statutes-at-Large 252)
Extended the Act of May 22, 1918 — gave the President power, during a time of
national emergency or war, to prevent departure from or entry into the United States.
)4.
Act of December 8, 1942
{56 Statutes-at-Large 1044)
Amended the Immigration Act of 1917, altering the reporting procedure in
suspension of deportation cases to require the Attorney General to report such
suspensions to Congress on the first and fifteenth of each month that Congress is in
i5.
Act of April 29, 1943
{57 Statutes-at-Large 70)
Provided for the importation of temporary agricultural laborers to the United States
from North, South, and Central America to aid agriculture during World War II.
This program was later extended through 1947, then served as the legal basis of the
Mexican "Bracero Program," which lasted through 1964.
i6.
Act of December 17, 1943
{57 Statutes-at-Large 600)
Amended the Alien Registration Act of 1940, adding to the classes eligible for
naturalization Chinese persons or persons of Chinese descent. A quota of 105 per
year was established (effectively repealing the Chinese Exclusion laws — see the Act
of May 6, 1882).
>?.
Act of February 14, 1944
{58 Statutes-at-Large 11)
Provided for the importation of temporary workers from countries in the Western
Hemisphere pursuant to agreements with such countries for employment in
industries and services essential to the war efforts. Agreements were
subsequently made with British Honduras, Jamaica, Barbados, and the British
West Indies.
War Brides Act of
December 28, 1945
{59 Statutes-at-Large 659)
Waived visa requirements and provisions of immigration law excluding physical
and mental defectives when they concerned members of the American armed forces
who, during World War II, had married nationals of foreign countries.
)9. G.I. Fiancees Act of June 29, 1946
{60 Statutes-at-Large 339)
Facilitated the admission to the United States of fiance(e)s of members of the
American armed forces.
SO.
Act of July 2, 1946
{60 Statutes-at-Large 416)
Amended the Immigration Act of 1917, granting the privilege of admission to the
United States as quota immigrants and eligibility for naturalization races indigenous
to India and persons of Filipino descent.
51.
52.
Act of August 9, 1946
{60 Statutes-at-Large 975)
Act of June 28, 1947
{61 Statutes-at-Large 190)
Gave nonquota status to Chinese wives of American citizens.
Extended by six months the Attorney General's authority to admit alien fiance(e)s
of veterans as temporary visitors pending marriage.
53.
Act of May 25, 1948
{62 Statutes-at-Large 268)
Amended the Act of October 16, 1918, providing for the expulsion and
exclusion of anarchists and similar classes, and gave the Attorney General
similar powers to exclude as the Secretary of State had through the refusal of
immigration visas.
A. 1-9
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
64. Displaced Persons Act
OF June 25, 1948
(62 Statutes-at-Large 1009)
First expression of U.S. policy for admitting persons tleeing persecution. Permitted
the admission of up to 205,000 displaced persons during the two-year period
beginning July 1, 1948 (chargeable against future year's quotas). Aimed at reducing
the problem created by the presence in Germany, Austria, and Italy of more than one
million displaced persons.
65. Act OF July 1, 1948
{62 Statutes-at-Large 1206)
Amended the Immigration Act of 1917. Provisions:
a. Made available suspension of deportation to aliens even though they wen
ineligible for naturalization by reason of race.
b. Set condition for suspension of deportation that an alien shall have provec
good moral character for the preceding five years, and that the Attorney Genera
finds that deportation would result in serious economic detriment to a citizen oi
legal resident and closely related alien, or the alien has resided continuously in th<
United States for seven years or more.
66. Central Intelligence Agency Act
OF June 20, 1949
{63 Statutes-at-Large 208)
Authorized the admission of a limited number of aliens in the interest of nationa
security. Provided that whenever the Director of the Central Intelligenci
Agency, the Attorney General, and the Commissioner of Immigration determini
that the entry of a particular alien into the United States for permanent residenci
is in the national security or essential to the furtherance of the nationa
intelligence mission, such alien and his immediate family may be given entr
into the United States for permanent residence without regard to thei
admissibility under any laws and regulations or to their failure to comply wit
such laws and regulations pertaining to admissibility. The number was not t
exceed 100 persons per year.
67. Agricultural Act of October 31, 1949
{63 Statutes-at-Large 1051)
Facilitated the entry of seasonal farm workers to meet labor shortages in the Unite
States. Further extension of the Mexican Bracero Program.
68. Act of June 16, 1950
{64 Statutes-at-Large 219)
Amended the Displaced Persons Act of 1948. Provisions:
a. Extended the act to June 30, 1951 and its application to war orphans an'
German expellees and refugees to July 1 , 1952.
b. Increased the total of persons who could be admitted under the act to 415,744.
69. Act of June 30, 1950
{64 Statutes-at-Large 306)
Provided relief to the sheepherding industry by authorizing that, during a one-yea
period, 250 special quota immigration visas be issued to skilled sheepherder
chargeable to oversubscribed quotas.
70. Act of August 19, 1950
{64 Statutes-at-Large 464)
Made spouses and minor children of members of the American armed forcesi
regardless of the alien's race, eligible for immigration and nonquota status V
marriage occurred before March 19, 1952.
7 1 , Internal Security Act
of September 22, 1950
{64 Statutes-at-Large 987)
Amended various immigration laws with a view toward strengthening securit
screening in cases of aliens in the United States or applying for entry.
Provisions:
a. Present and former membership in the Communist party or any othe
totalitarian party or its affiliates was specifically made a ground for inadmissibility.
A.1-10
lPPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Internal Security Act of
September 22, 1950 — com.
b. Aliens in the United States who, at the time of their entry or by reason of
subsequent actions, would have been inadmissible under the provisions of the
Internal Security Act, were made deportable regardless of the length of their
residence in the United States.
c. The discretion of the Attorney General in admitting otherwise inadmissible
aliens temporarily, and in some instances permanently, was curtailed or eliminated.
d. The Attorney General was given authority to exclude and deport without a
hearing an alien whose admission would be prejudicial to the public interest if the
Attorney General's finding was based on confidential information the disclosure of
which would have been prejudicial to the public interest of the United States.
e. The Attorney General was given authority to supervise deportable aliens
pending their deportation and also was given greater latitude in selecting the country
of deportation. However, deportation of an alien was prohibited to any country in
which the alien would be subject to physical persecution.
f. Any alien deportable as a subversive criminal, or member of the immoral
classes who willfully failed to depart from the United States within six months after
the issuance of the deportation order was made liable to criminal prosecution and
could be imprisoned for up to ten years.
g. Every alien residing in the United States subject to alien registration was
required to notify the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization of his
address within ten days of each January 1st in which he resided in the United States.
Act of March 28, 1951
(65 Stalutes-at-Large 28)
Provisions:
a. Gave the Attorney General authority to amend the record of certain aliens who
were admitted only temporarily because of affiliations other than Communist.
b. Interpreted the Act of October 16, 1918 regarding exclusion and expulsion of
aliens to include only voluntary membership or affiliation with a Communist
organization and to exclude cases where the person in question was under sixteen
years of age, or where it was for the purpose of obtaining employment, food rations,
or other necessities.
Act of July 12, 1951
(65 Statutes-at-Large 119)
Amended the Agricultural Act of 1949, serving as the basic framework under which
the Mexican Braccro Program operated until 1962. Provided that:
a. The U.S. government establish and operate reception centers at or near the
Mexican border; provide transportation, subsistence, and medical care from the
Mexican recruiting centers to the U.S. reception centers; and guarantee performance
by employers in matters relating to transportation and wages, including all forms of
remuneration.
b. U.S. employers pay the prevailing wages in the area; guarantee the workers
employment for three-fourths of the contract period; and provide workers with free
housing and adequate meals at a reasonable cost.
Act of March 20, 1952
(66 Statutes-at-Large 26)
Provisions:
a. Amended the Immigration Act of 1917, making it a felony to bring in or
willfully induce an alien unlawfully to enter or reside in the United States.
However, the usual and normal practices incident to employment were not deemed
to constitute harboring.
b. Defined further the powers of the Border Patrol, giving officers of the
Immigration and Naturalization Service authority to have access to private lands, but
not dwellings, within 25 miles of an external boundary for the purpose of patrolling
the border to prevent the illegal entry of aliens.
A.1-11
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
75. Act of April 9, 1952
{66 Statutes-at-Large 50)
76. Immigration and Nationality Act
OF June 27, 1952 (INA)
(66 Statutes-at-Large 163)
Added the issuance of 500 immigration visas to sheepherders.
Brought into one comprehensive statute the multiple laws which, before its
enactment, governed immigration and naturalization in the United States. In
general, perpetuated the immigration policies from earlier statutes with the
following significant modifications:
a. Made all races eligible for naturalization, thus eliminating race as a bar to
immigration.
b. Eliminated discrimination between sexes with respect to immigration.
c. Revised the national origins quota system of the Immigration Act of 1924 by
changing the national origins quota formula: set the annual quota for an area at
one-sixth of one percent of the number of inhabitants in the continental United
States in 1920 whose ancestry or national origin was attributable to that area. All
countries were allowed a minimum quota of 100, with a ceiling of 2,000 on most
natives of countries in the Asia-Pacific triangle, which broadly encompassed the
Asian countries.
d. Introduced a system of selected immigration by giving a quota preference to
skilled aliens whose services are urgently needed in the United States and to
relatives of U.S. citizens and aliens.
e. Placed a limit on the use of the governing country's quota by natives of
colonies and dependent areas.
f. Provided an "escape clause" permitting the immigration of certain formei
voluntary members of proscribed organizations.
g. Broadened the grounds for exclusion and deportation of aliens.
h. Provided procedures for the adjustment of status of nonimmigrant aliens to thi^i
of permanent resident aliens.
i. Modified and added significantly to the existing classes of nonimmigran
admission.
j. Afforded greater procedural safeguards to aliens subject to deportation.
k. Introduced the alien address report system whereby all aliens in the Unite*
States (including most temporary visitors) were required annually to report thei
current address to the INS.
1. Established a central index of all aliens in the United States for use by securit;
and enforcement agencies.
m. Repealed the ban on contract labor (see Act of March 30, 1868) but addei
other qualitative exclusions. :
77. Refugee Relief Act of August 7, 1953
(67 Statutes-at-Large 400)
Authorized the issuance of special nonquota visas allowing 214,000 aliens t'
become permanent residents of the United States, in addition to those whosi
admission was authorized by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952.
78. Act of September 3, 1954
(68 Statutes-at-Large 1145)
Provisions:
a. Made special nonquota immigrant visas available to certain skille
sheepherders for a period of up to one year.
b. Exempted from inadmissibility to the United States aliens who had committe
no more than one petty offense.
79.
A.1-12
Act of September 3, 1954
(68 Statutes-at-Large 1146)
Provided for the expatriation of persons convicted of engaging in a conspiracy l(
overthrow or levy war against the U.S. government.
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Act of July 24, 1957
(77 Slatutes-at-Large 311)
Act of August 30, 1957
(77 Statutes-at-Large 518)
Permitted enlistment of aliens into the regular Army.
Exempted aliens who were survivors of certain deceased members of the U.S. armed
forces from provisions of the Social Security Act which prohibited the payment of
benefits to aliens outside the United States.
Refugee-Escapee Act
OF September 11, 1957
(77 Statutes-at-Large 639)
Provisions:
a. Addressed the problem of quota oversubscription by removing the
"mortgaging" of immigrant quotas imposed under the Displaced Persons Act of
1948 and other subsequent acts.
b. Provided for the granting of nonquota status to aUens qualifying under the
first three preference groups on whose behalf petitions had been filed by a
specified date.
c. Facilitated the admission into the United States of stepchildren, illegitimate
children, and adopted children.
d. Conferred first preference status on spouse and children of first preference
immigrants if following to join the immigrant.
c. Set an age limit of fourteen for the adoption of orphans to qualify for nonquota
status and further defined which orphans were eligible under the act.
f. Gave the Attorney General authority to admit certain aliens formerly
excludable from the United States.
Act OF July 25, 1958
(72 Statutes-at-Large 419)
Granted admission for permanent residence to Hungarian parolees of at least two
years' residence in the United States, on condition that the alien was admissible at
time of entry and still admissible.
Act of August 21, 1958
(72 Statutes-at-Large 699)
Authorized the Attorney General to adjust nonimmigrant aliens from temporary to
permanent resident status subject to visa availability.
Act of September 22, 1959
(73 Statutes-at-Large 644)
Facilitated the entry of fiance(e)s and relatives of alien residents and citizens of the
United States by reclassifying certain categories of relatives into preference portions
of the immigration quotas. This was designed to assist in reuniting families both on
a permanent basis, through the amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act
of 1952, and through temporary programs.
Act of July 14, 1960
(74 Statutes-at-Large 504)
"Fair Share Refugee Act."
Provisions:
a. Authorized the Attorney General to parole up to 500 alien refugee-escapees
and make them eligible for permanent residence.
b. Amended the Act of September 2, 1958 to extend it to June 30, 1962.
c. Amended the Act of September 11, 1957, which provided special nonquota
immigrant visas for adopted or to-be-adopted orphans under 14 years of age,
extending it to June 30, 1 96 1 .
d. Amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, adding possession of
marijuana to the sections concerning excludable and deportable offenses.
e. Made alien seamen ineligible for adjustment from temporary to permanent
resident status.
A.1-I3
Appendix
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
87. Act of August 17, 1961
{75 Slatutes-al-Large 364)
Provided that, in peacetime, no volunteer is to be accepted into the Army or Air
Force unless the person is a citizen or an alien admitted for permanent residence.
88. Act of September 26, 1961
{75 Statutes-at-Large 650)
Liberalized the quota provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952: f
a. Eliminated the ceiling of 2,000 on the aggregate quota of the Asia-Pacific triangle.
b. Provided that whenever one or more quota areas have a change of boundaries
which might lessen their aggregate quota, they were to maintain the quotas they had
before the change took place.
c. Codified and made permanent the law for admission of adopted children.
d. Established a single statutory form of judicial review of orders of deportation.
e. Insured a minimum quota of 100 for newly independent nations.
f. Called for the omission of information on race and ethnic origin from the visa
application.
g. Strengthened the law against the fraudulent gaining of nonquota status by
marriage.
h. Authorized the Public Health Service to determine which diseases are
dangerous and contagious in constituting grounds for exclusion.
89. Act of October 24, 1962
{76 Statutes-at-Large 1247)
Provisions:
a. Granted nonquota immigrant visas for certain aliens eligible for fourth
preference (i.e., brothers, sisters, and children of citizens) and for first preference
(i.e., aliens with special occupational skills).
b. Called for a semimonthly report to Congress from the Attorney General of firs'
preference petitions approved.
c. Created a record of lawful entry and provided for suspension of deportation fo:
aliens who have been physically present in the United States for at least seven year
in some cases and ten years in others.
90. Act of December 13, 1963
{77 Statutes-at-Large 363)
91. Immigration AND Nationality Act
Amendments of October 3, 1965
{79 Statutes-at-Large 911)
Extended the Mexican Bracero Program one additional year to December 31, 1964.
Provisions:
a. Abolished the national origins quota system (see the Immigration Act of 192
and the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952), eliminating national origin, race
or ancestry as a basis for immigration to the United States.
b. Established allocation of immigrant visas on a first come, first served basii
subject to a seven-category preference system for relatives of U.S. citizens am
permanent resident aliens (for the reunification of families) and for persons wit
special occupational skills, abilities, or training (needed in the United States).
c. Established two categories of immigrants not subject to numerical restrictions:
1 . Immediate relatives (spouses, children, parents) of U.S. citizens, and
2. Special immigrants: certain ministers of religion; certain former
employees of the U.S. government abroad; certain persons who lost
citizenship (e.g., by marriage or by service in foreign armed forces); and
certain foreign medical graduates.
d. Maintained the principle of numerical restriction, expanding limits to worl
coverage by limiting Eastern Hemisphere immigration to 170,000 and placing
ceiling on Western Hemisphere immigration (120,000) for the first time. Howeve
neither the preference categories nor the 20,000 per-country limit were applied
the Western Hemisphere.
A.1-14
Appendix i
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Immigration and Nationality Act
Amendments of October 3, 1965 — cont.
e. Introduced a prerequisite for the issuance of a visa of an affirmative finding by
the Secretary of Labor that an alien seeking to enter as a worker will not replace a
worker in the United States nor adversely affect the wages and working conditions
of similarly employed individuals in the United States.
Freedom of Information Act
OF July 4, 1966
{80 Siatutes-al-Large 250)
Provisions:
a. Established that the record of every proceeding before the INS in an
individual's case be made available to the alien or his attorney of record.
b. Required that public reading rooms be established in each Central and District
office of the INS, where copies of INS decisions could be made available to the
public.
Effective July 4, 1967.
Act of November 2, 1966
(80 Statutes-at-Large 1161)
Authorized the Attorney General to adjust the status of Cuban refugees to that of
permanent resident alien, chargeable to the 120,000 annual limit for the Western
Hemisphere.
Act of November 6, 1966
(SO Statutes-at-Large 1322)
Provisions:
a. Extended derivative citizenship to children bom on or after December 24, 1952
of civilian U.S. citizens serving abroad.
b. Provided that time spent abroad by U.S. citizens (or their dependent children)
in the employ of the U.S. Government or certain international organizations could be
treated as physical presence in the United States for the purpose of transmitting U.S.
citizenship to children bom abroad.
Act of December 18, 1967
{81 Statutes-at-Large 661)
Facilitated the expeditious naturalization of certain noncitizen employees of U.S.
nonprofit organizations.
Act of June 19, 1968
{82 Statutes-at-Large 197)
Omnibus crimes control and safe streets legislation, declared it illegal for aliens who
are illegally in the country and for former citizens who have renounced their
citizenship to receive, possess, or transport a firearm.
Act of October 24, 1968
{82 Statutes-at-Large 1343)
Amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, providing for expeditious
naturalization of noncitizens who have rendered honorable services in the U.S.
armed forces during the Vietnam conflict, or in other periods of military
hostilities.
Act of April 7, 1970
{84 Statutes-at-Large 116)
Provisions:
a. Created two new classes of nonimmigrant admission — fiance(e)s of U.S.
citizens and intracompany transferees.
b. Modified the HI temporary worker class of nonimmigrant admission (workers of
distinguished merit and ability).
c. Altered the provisions of the law regarding the two-year residence
requirement, making it easier for nonimmigrants who have been in the United
States as exchange visitors to adjust to a different nonimmigrant status or to
permanent resident status.
A.1-15
lPPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
99. Act of August 10, 1971
(,85 Statules-at-Large 302)
Amended the Communications Act of 1934, providing that lawful permanent
resident aliens be permitted to operate amateur radio stations in the United States
and hold licenses for their stations.
100. Act of September 28, 1971
{85 Statutes-at-Large 348)
Amended the Selective Service Act of 1967. Provided that:
a. Registration for the selective service shall not be applicable to any alien
admitted to the United States as a nonimmigrant as long as he continues to maintain
a lawful nonimmigrant status in the United States.
b. No alien residing in the United States for less than one year shall be inducted
for training and service into the U.S. armed forces.
101. Act of October 27, 1972
(86 Stalutes-at-Large J 289)
Reduced restrictions concerning residence requirements for retention of U.S.
citizenship acquired by birth abroad through a U.S. citizen parent and an alien parent.
102. Social Security Act Amendments
OF October 30, 1972
(86 Stalutes-at-Large 1329)
Amended the Social Security Act, providing that Social Security numbers be
assigned to aliens at the time of their lawful admission to the United States for
permanent residence or temporarily to engage in lawful employment.
1 03 . Act of October 20, 1974
(88 Statutes-at-Large 1387)
Repealed the "Coolie Trade" legislation of 1862. Such legislation, passed to protect
Chinese and Japanese aliens from exploitation caused by discriminatory treatment
from immigration laws then in effect, had become virtually inoperative because
most of the laws singling out oriental peoples had been repealed or modified.
104. iNDOcmNA Migration and Refugee
Assistance Act of May 23, 1975
(89 Statutes-at-Large 87)
105. Act OF June 21, 1976
(90 Statutes-at-Large 691)
Established a program of domestic resettlement assistance for refugees who have
fled from Cambodia and Vietnam.
Made Laotians eligible for programs established by the Indochina Migration and
Refugee Assistance Act of 1975.
106. Act of October 12, 1976
(90 Statutes-at-Large 2243)
Placed restrictions on foreign medical school graduates (both immigrants am
nonimmigrants) coming to the United States for practice or training in the medica
profession. Effective January 10, 1977.
107. Immigration and Nationality Act
Amendments of October 20, 1976
(90 Statutes-at-Large 2703)
108,
Act of October 20, 1976
Effective January 1, 1978
(90 Statutes-at-Large 2706)
A.1-16
Provisions:
a. Applied the same 20,000 per-country limit to the Western Hemisphere a:
applied to the Eastern Hemisphere.
b. Slightly modified the seven-category preference system and applied it to th<
Western Hemisphere.
c. Amended the 1966 act, providing that Cuban refugees who arc adjusted to perraanen
resident status will not be charged to any numerical limitation, provided they weri
physically present in the United States on or before the effective date of these amendments.
Denied unemployment compensation to aliens not lawfully admitted for permanen
residence or otherwise permanently residing in the United States under color of law
lPPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Act of August 1, 1977
(91 Statutes-at-Large 394)
Eased restrictions on foreign medical school graduates, e.g., exempted aliens who are
of national or international renown in the field of medicine, and exempted certain
alien physicians already in the United States from the examination requirement. (See
Act of October 12, 1976.)
Act of October 28, 1977
(91 Statutes-at-Large 1223)
Provisions:
a. Permitted adjustment to permanent resident status for Indochinese refugees
who are natives or citizens of Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia, were physically present
in the United States for at least two years, and were admitted or paroled into the
United States during specified periods of time.
b. Extended the time limit during which refugee assistance may be provided to
such refugees.
Act of October 5, 1978
(92 Statutes-at-Large 907)
Combined the separate ceilings for Eastern and Western Hemisphere immigration
into one worldwide limit of 290,000.
Act of October 5, 1978
(92 Statutes-at-Large 917)
Provisions:
a. Made several changes pertaining to the adoption of alien children, including
permission for U.S. citizens to petition for the classification of more than two alien
orphans as immediate relatives.
b. Eliminated the requirement of continuous residence in the United States for
two years prior to filing for naturalization.
Act of October 7, 1978
(92 Statutes-at-Large 963)
Made permanent the President's authority to regulate the entry of aliens and to
require U.S. citizens to bear vahd passports when entering or leaving the United
States:
a. Called for unrestricted use of passports to and in any country other than a
country with which the United States is at war, where armed hostilities are in
progress, or where there is imminent danger to the public health or the physical
safety of U.S. travelers.
b. Declared it the general policy of the United States to impose restrictions on travel
within the United States by citizens of another country only when the government of
that country imposes restrictions on travel of U.S. citizens within that country.
Act of October 14, 1978
(92 Statutes-at-Large 1263)
Required any alien who acquires or transfers any interest in agricultural land to submit
a report to the Secretary of Agriculture within 90 days after acquisition or transfer.
Act of October 30, 1978
(92 Statutes-at-Large 2065)
Provided for the exclusion and expulsion of aliens who persecuted others on the
basis of race, religion, national origin, or political opinion under the direction of the
Nazi government of Germany or its allies.
Act of November 2, 1978
(92 Statutes-at-Large 2479)
Provided for the seizure and forfeiture of vessels, vehicles, and aircraft used in
smuggling aliens or knowingly transporting aliens to the United States illegally. An
exception was made where the owner or person in control did not consent to the
illegal act.
A.1-17
Appendix i
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
117. Panama Canal Act of
September 27, 1979
(93 Statutes-at-Large 452)
Allowed admission as permanent residents to certain aliens with employment on or
before 1977 with the Panama Canal Company, the Canal Zone government, or the
U.S. government in the Canal Zone, and their families.
118. Refugee Act of March 17, 1980
{94 Statutes-at-Large 102)
Provided the first permanent and systematic procedure for the admission and
effective resettlement of refugees of special humanitarian concern to the United
States:
a. Eliminated refugees as a category of the preference system.
b. Set the worldwide ceiling of immigration to the United States at 270,000
exclusive of refugees.
c. Established procedures for annual consultation with Congress on numbers anc
allocations of refugees to be admitted in each fiscal year, as well as procedures foi
responding to emergency refugee situations.
d. Defined the term "refugee" (to conform to the 1967 United Nations Protocol oi
Refugees) and made clear the distinction between refugee and asylee status.
e. Established a comprehensive program for domestic resettlement of refugees.
f. Provided for adjustment to permanent resident status of refugees who haw
been physically present in the United States for at least one year and of asylees on
year after asylum is granted. j
119. Refugee Education Assistance Act
OF October 10, 1980
{94 Statutes-at-Large 1799)
Established a program of formula grants to State education agencies for basi
education of refugee children. Also provided for services to Cuban and Haitia
entrants identical to those for refugees under the Refugee Act of 1980.
120. Act OF June 5, 1981
{95 Statutes-at-Large 14)
Supplemental appropriations and rescissions bill, reduced previously-appropriatt
funds for migration and refugee assistance, including funds provided for receptic
and processing of Cuban and Haitian entrants.
121. Act OF August 13, 1981
{95 Statutes-at-Large 357)
122. Immigration and Nationality Act
Amendments of December 20, 1981
{95 Statutes-at-Large 1611)
Federal appropriations bill for fiscal year 1982, also contained items restricting tl
access of aliens to various publicly-funded benefits. Immigration-related provisions
a. Precluded the Secretary of HUD from making financial assistance available
any alien unless that alien is a resident of the United States by virtue of admission
adjustment as a permanent resident alien, refugee or asylee, parolee, condition
entrant, or pursuant to withholding of deportation. Alien visitors, tourist
diplomats, and students were specifically excluded.
b. Severely restricted eligibility of aliens to Aid to Families with Depende
Children.
"INS Efficiency Bill," amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 a
the Act of November 2, 1978:
a. Authorized INS to seize vehicles without having to establish whether t
owner was involved in the illegal activity in question.
b. Eliminated the requirement that the government bear administrative a
incidental expenses where an innocent owner is involved.
c. Eliminated the requirement that the INS satisfy any valid lien or other th;
party interest in a vehicle without expense to the interest holder
d. Eliminated the required annual notification by aliens of their current address.
A.1-18
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
123. Act of September 30, 1982
(96 Statutes-at-Large 1157)
Allowed admission as permanent residents to certain nonimmigrant aliens residing
in the Virgin Islands.
124. Act of October 2, 1982
{96 Statutes-at-Large 1186)
Greatly limited the categories of aliens to whom the Legal Services Corporation
may provide legal assistance.
125. Act of October 22, 1982
(96 Statutes-at-Large 1716)
Provided that children bom of U.S. citizen fathers in Korea, Vietnam, Laos,
Kampuchea, or Thailand after 1950 and before enactment, may come to the United
States as immediate relatives or as first or fourth preference immigrants.
126. Immigration Reform and Control
Act of November 6, 1986 (IRCA)
(700 Statutes-at-Large 3359)
Comprehensive immigration legislation:
a. Authorized legalization (i.e., temporary and then permanent resident status) for
aliens who had resided in the United States in an unlawful status since January 1,
1982 (entering illegally or as temporary visitors with authorized stay expiring before
that date or with the Government's knowledge of their unlawful status before that
date) and are not excludable.
b. Created sanctions prohibiting employers from knowingly hiring, recruiting, or
referring for a fee aliens not authorized to work in the United States.
c. Increased enforcement at U.S. borders.
d. Created a new classification of seasonal agricultural worker and provisions for
the legalization of certain such workers.
e. Extended the registry date (i.e., the date from which an alien has resided
illegally and continuously in the United States and thus qualifies for adjustment to
permanent resident status) from June 30, 1948 to January 1, 1972.
f Authorized adjustment to permanent resident status for Cubans and Haitians
who entered the United States without inspection and had continuously resided in
country since January I, 1982.
g. Increased the numerical limitation for immigrants admitted under the
preference system for dependent areas from 600 to 5,000 beginning in fiscal vear
1988.
h. Created a new special immigrant category for certain retired employees of
international organizations and their families and a new nonimmigrant status for
parents and children of such immigrants.
i. Created a nonimmigrant Visa Waiver Pilot program allowing certain aliens to
visit the United States without applying for a nonimmigrant visa.
j. Allocated 5,000 nonpreference visas in each of fiscal years 1987 and 1988 for
aliens bom in countries from which immigration was adversely affected by the 1965
act.
27. Immigration Marriage Fraud
Ame.ndments of November 10, 1986
(100 Statutes-at-Large 3537)
Provisions:
a. Stipulated that aliens deriving their immigrant status based on a marriage of
less than two years are conditional immigrants. To remove conditional status, the
alien must apply within 90 days after their second-year anniversary of receiving
conditional status.
b. Required alien fiance(c)s of U.S. citizens to have met their citizen petitioner in
person within two years of the date the petition was filed.
A.1-19
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
128. Amerasian Homecoming Act
OF December 22, 1987
{101 Statutes-at-Large 1329)
An appropriations law providing for admission of children bom in Vietnam between
specified dates to Vietnamese mothers and American fathers, together with their
immediate relatives. They are admitted as nonquota immigrants but receive refugee
program benefits.
1 29. Act of September 28, 1988
U02 Statutes-at-Large 1876)
United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement Implementation Act:
a. Facilitated temporary entry on a reciprocal basis between the United States and
Canada.
b. Established procedures for the temporary entry into the United States of
Canadian citizen professional business persons to render services for remuneration.
c. No nonimmigrant visa, prior petition, labor certification, or prior approval
required, but appropriate documentation must be presented to the inspecting officer
establishing Canadian citizenship and professional engagement in one of the
occupations listed in the qualifying occupation schedule.
1 30. Act of November 15, 1988
U02 Statutes-at-Large 3908)
131. Foreign Operations Act
OF November 21, 1989
{103 Statutes-at-Large 1195)
Provided for the extension of stay for certain nonimmigrant H-1 nurses.
An appropriations law, provided for adjustment to permanent resident status for
Soviet and Indochinese nationals who were paroled into the United States between
certain dates after denial of refugee status.
1 32. Act of December 18, 1989
{103 Statutes-at-Large 2099)
The "Immigration Nursing Relief Act of 1989." Provisions:
a. Adjustment from temporary to permanent resident status, without regard to
numerical limitation, of certain nonimmigrants who were employed in the United States
as registered nurses for at least three years and meet established certification standards.
b. Establishment of a new nonimmigrant category for the temporary admission of
qualified registered nurses.
133. Immigration Act of
November 29, 1990
{104 Statutes-at-Large 4978)
A major overhaul of immigration law:
a. Increased total immigration under an overall flexible cap of 675,000
immigrants beginning in fiscal year 1995, preceded by a 700,000 level during fiscal
years 1992 through 1994. The 675,000 level to consist of: 480,000 family-
sponsored; 140,000 employment-based; and 55,000 "diversity immigrants."
b. Revised all grounds for exclusion and deportation, significantly rewriting the
political and ideological grounds. For example, repealed the bar against the
admission of communists as nonimmigrants and limited the exclusion of aliens on
foreign policy grounds.
c. Authorized the Attorney General to grant temporary protected status to
undocumented alien nationals of designated countries subject to armed conflict or
natural disasters.
d. Revised and established new nonimmigrant admission categories:
1. Redefined the H-l(b) temporary worker category and limited number
of aliens who may be issued visas or otherwise provided nonimmigrant
status under this category to 65,000 annually.
2. Limited number of H-2(b) temporary worker category aliens who may be
issued visas or otherwise provided nonimmigrant status to 66,000 annually.
A. 1-20
PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Immigration Act of
November 29. 1990 — com.
3. Created new temporary worker admission categories (O, P, Q, and R),
some with annual caps on number of aliens who may be issued visas or
otherwise provided nonimmigrant status.
e. Revised, and extended the Visa Waiver Pilot Program through fiscal year 1994.
f. Revised naturalization authority and requirements:
1. Transferred the exclusive jurisdiction to naturalize aliens from the
Federal and State courts to the Attorney General.
2. Amended the substantive requirements for naturalization: State
residency requirements revised and reduced to 3 months; added another
ground for waiving the English language requirement; lifted the
permanent bar to naturalization for aliens who applied to be relieved from
U.S. military service on grounds of alienage who previously served in the
service of the country of the alien's nationality.
g. Revised enforcement activities. For example:
1. Broadened the definition of "aggravated felony" and imposed new
legal restrictions on aliens convicted of such crimes.
2. Revised employer sanctions provisions of the Immigration Reform
andControl Actof 1986.
Authorized funds to increase Border Patrol personnel by 1 ,000.
Revised criminal and deportation provisions.
h. Recodified the 32 grounds for exclusion into nine categories, including
revising and repealing some of the grounds (especially health grounds).
3.
4.
134. Armed Forces Immigration
Adjustment Act of October 1, 1991
(105 Statutes-at-Large 555)
Provisions:
a. Granted special immigrant status to certain types of aliens who honorably
served in the Armed Forces of the United States for at least 12 years.
b. Delayed until April 1, 1992 the implementation of provisions relating to O and
P nonimmigrant visas. (See Act of November 29, 1990.)
35. Act of December 12, 1991
(105 Statutes-at-Large 1733)
Miscellaneous and Technical Immigration and Naturalization Amendments Act,
amended certain elements of the Immigration Act of 1990. Revised provisions
regarding the entrance of O and P nonimmigrants, including the repeal of numerical
limits of visas for the P categories of admission, and made other technical
corrections. (See Act of November 29, 1990.)
36. Chinese Student Protection
Act of October 9, 1992
(106 Statutes-at-Large 1969)
Provided for adjustment to permanent resident status (as employment-based
immigrants) by nationals of the People's Republic of China who were in the United
States after June 4, 1 989 and before April 1 1 , 1 990.
37. Soviet Scientists Immigration
Act of October 10, 1992
(106 Statutes-at-Large 3316)
Provisions:
a. Conferred permanent resident status (as employment-based immigrants) on a
maximum of 750 scientists from the independent states of the former Soviet Union
and the Baltic states. The limit does not include spouses and children.
b. Stipulated that employment must be in the biological, chemical, or nuclear
technical field or work in conjunction with a high technology defense project.
c. Waived the requirement that workers with expertise in these fields were
needed by an employer in the United States.
A.1-21
Appendix
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
138. North American Free-Trade
Agreement Implementation Act of
December 8, 1993
(107 Statutes-at-Large 2057)
Supersedes the United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement Act of September 28,
1988. Provisions;
a. Facilitated temporary entry on a reciprocal basis between the United States and
Canada and Mexico.
b. Established procedures for the temporary entry into the United States of
Canadian and Mexican citizen professional business persons to render services for
remuneration:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
For Canadians, no nonimmigrant visa, prior petition, labor certification,
or prior approval required, but appropriate documentation must be
presented to the inspecting officer establishing Canadian citizenship and
professional engagement in one of the occupations hsted in the qualifying
occupation schedule;
For Mexicans, nonimmigrant visa, prior petition by employer, and
Department of Labor attestation are required in addition to proof of
Mexican citizenship and professional engagement in one of the
occupations listed in the qualifying occupation schedule;
For Canadians, nonimmigrant visas are not required of spouses and minor
children who possess Canadian citizenship;
For Mexicans, nonimmigrant visas are required of spouses and minor
children who possess Mexican citizenship;
For Canadians, no limit to number of admissions;
For Mexicans, a limit was set for a transition period for up to ten years at
5,500 initial petition approvals per year.
1 39. Violent Crime Control and
Law Enforcement Act of
September 13, 1994
{108 Statutes-at-Large 1796)
Provisions:
a. Authorized establishment of a criminal alien tracking center.
b. Established a new nonimmigrant classification for alien witness cooperation
and counterterrorism information.
c. Revised deportation procedures for certain criminal aliens who are not
permanent residents and expanded special deportation proceedings.
d. Provided for expeditious deportation for denied asylum applicants.
e. Provided for improved border management through increased resources.
f. Strengthened penalties for passport and visa offenses.
140. Antiterrorism and Effective
Death Penalty Act of April 24, 1996
{110 Statutes-at-Large 1214)
Provisions:
a. Expedited procedures for the removal of alien terrorists.
b. Established specific measures to exclude members and representatives of
terrorist organizations:
1 . Provided for the exclusion of alien terrorists;
2. Waived authority concerning notice of denial application for visas;
3. Denied other forms of relief for alien terrorists;
4. Excluded from process aliens who have not been inspected and admitted.
c. Modified asylum procedures to improve identification and processing of alien
terrorists:
1 . Established mechanisms for denial of asylum to alien terrorists;
2. Granted authority to inspection officers to both inspect and exclude asylee
applicants;.
3. Improved judicial review process to expedite hearings and removal (if
necessary) of alien terrorists.
d. Provided for criminal alien procedural improvements:
A. 1-22
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Antiterrorism and Effective Death
Penalty Act of April 24, 1996 — com.
1. Provided access to certain confidential immigration and naturalization
files through court order;
2. Established a criminal alien identification system;
3. Established certain alien smuggling-related crimes as RlCO-predicate
offenses;
4. Granted authority for alien smuggling investigations;
5. Expanded criteria for deportation for crimes of moral turpitude;
6. Established an interior repatriation program;
7. Allowed for deportation of nonviolent offenders prior to completion of
sentence of imprisonment;
8. Authorized State and Local law enforcement officials to arrest and detain
certain illegal ahens;
9. Expedited process of criminal alien removal;
10. Limited collateral attacks on underlying deportation order;
1 1 . Established deportation procedures for certain criminal aliens who are not
permanent residents.
4 1 . Personal Responsibility and
Work Opportunity Reconciliation
Act of August 22, 1996
{110 Statutes-at-Large 2105)
Provisions:
a. Established restrictions on the eligibility of legal immigrants for means-tested
public assistance:
1. Barred legal immigrants (with certain exceptions) from obtaining food
stamps and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and established
screening procedures for current recipients of these programs;
2. Barred legal immigrants (with certain exceptions) entering the U.S. after
date of enactment from most federal means-tested programs for 5 years;
3. Provided states with broad flexibility in setting public benefit eligibility
rules for legal immigrants by allowing states to bar current legal
immigrants from both major federal programs and state programs;
4. Increased the responsibility of the immigrants' sponsors by making the
affidavit of support legally enforceable, imposing new requirements on
sponsors, and expanding sponsor-deeming requirements to more
programs and by lengthening the deeming period.
b. Broadened the restrictions on public benefits for illegal aliens and
nonimmigrants:
1 . Barred illegal, or "not qualified aliens," from most federal, state, and local
public benefits;
2. Required INS to verify immigration status in order for aliens to receive
most federal public benefits.
42.
Illegal Immigration Reform
AND Immigrant Responsibility
Act of September 30, 1996
(110 Statutes-at-Large 3009)
Division C of the Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997. Provisions:
a. Established measures to control U.S. borders, protect legal workers through
worksite enforcement, and remove criminal and other deportable aliens:
1. Increased border personnel, equipment, and technology as well as
enforcement personnel at land and air ports of entry;
2. Authorized improvements in barriers along the Southwest border;
3. Increased anti-smuggling authority and penalties for alien smuggling;
4. Increased penalties for illegal entry, passport and visa fraud, and failure to
depart;
5. Increased INS investigators for worksite enforcement, alien smuggling,
and visa overstayers;
A. 1-23
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Illegal Immigration Reform
and Immigrant Responsibility
Act of September 30, 1996 — cont.
6.
7.
9.
10.
2.
3.
Established three voluntary pilot programs to confirm the employment
eligibility of workers and reduced the number and types of documents
that may be presented to employers for identity and eligibility to work;
Broadly reformed exclusion and deportation procedures, including
consolidation into a single removal process, as well as the institution of
expedited removal to speed deportation and alien exclusion through more
stringent grounds of admissibility;
Increased detention space for criminal and other deportable aliens;
Instituted 3- and 10-year bars to admissibility for aliens seeking to reenter
after having been unlawfully present in the United States;
Barred re-entry of individuals who renounced their U.S. citizenship in
order to avoid U.S. tax obligations.
Placed added restrictions on benefits for aliens:
1. Provided for a pilot program on limiting issuance of driver's licenses to
illegal aliens;
Declared ineligibility of aliens not lawfully present for Social Security
benefits;
Established procedures for requiring proof of citizenship for Federal
public benefits;
♦. Established limitations on eligibility for preferential treatment of aliens
not lawfully present on the basis of residence for higher education
benefits;
5. Provided for verification of immigration status for purposes of Social
Security and higher educational assistance;
6. Tightened the requirements for an affidavit of support for sponsored
immigrants, making the affidavit a legally binding contract to provide
financial support;
7. Provided authority of States and political subdivisions of States to limit
assistance to aliens in providing general cash public assistance;
8. Increased maximum criminal penalties for forging or counterfeiting the
seal of a Federal department or agency to facilitate benefit fraud by an
unlawful alien.
Miscellaneous provisions:
1 . Recodified existing INS regulations regarding asylum;
2. Provided that the Attomey General's parole authority may be exercised
only on a case-by-case basis for urgent humanitarian reasons or
significant public benefit.
3. Created new limits on the ability of F-1 students to attend public schools
without reimbursing those institutions;
Established new mandates for educational institutions to collect
information on foreign students' status and nationality and provide it to
INS;
Tightened restrictions regarding foreign physicians' ability to work in thei
United States;
Added new consular processing provisions and revised the visa waiven
program.
4.
143. Balanced Budget Act of
August 5, 1997
(111 Statutes-at-Large 270)
Continued or partially restored to legal aliens eligibility benefits that had beed
restricted by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
of 1996. Such restrictions do not apply to "qualified aliens" (legal permanent
residents, refugees, aliens granted asylum or similar relief, aliens paroled into the
United States for at least one year, and certain battered family members; plus
A. 1-24
lPPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Balanced Budget Act of
Augusts, 1997 — com.
Cuban/Haitian entrants added by the Balanced Budget Act) who meet 10-year work
requirements; or are veterans or certain active duty personnel, and close family.
The alienage restrictions do not apply to aliens who become citizens through
naturalization. Provisions:
a. Continued eligibility both for aged and for disabled "qualified aliens"
receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits as of August 26, 1996, as
well as those disabled after August 22, 1996. SSI recipients remain eligible for
Medicaid; for others Medicaid is a state option.
b. Exempted for 7 years the bar against SSI and Medicaid for refugees and
asylees (including Cuban/Haitian entrants and Amerasians).
c. Exempted members of Indian Tribes and certain Native Americans bom in
Canada from the SSI and Medicaid bar on "qualified aliens".
144.
nicaraguan adjustment and
Central American Relief Act
(NACARA) OF November 19, 1997
(111 Statutes-at-Large 2193)
Pertains to certain Central American and other aliens who were long-term illegal
residents in the United States when hardship relief rules were made more stringent
by the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA).
Provisions:
a. Allowed approximately 150,0(X) Nicaraguans and 5,000 Cubans adjustment to
permanent resident status without having to make any hardship showing.
b. Allowed approximately 200,000 Salvadorans and 50,000 Guatemalans as well
as certain aliens from the former Soviet Union to seek hardship relief under more
lenient hardship rules than existed prior to IIRIRA amendments.
45. Agricultural Research
Reform Act of February 11, 1998
(112 Statutes-at-Large 575)
Continued or partially restored eligibility to legal aliens benefits that had been
restricted by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
of 1996. Such restrictions do not apply to "qualified aliens" (legal permanent
residents, refugees, aliens granted asylum or similar relief, aliens paroled into the
United States for at least one year, and certain battered family members; plus
Cuban/Haitian entrants added by the Balanced Budget Act) who meet 10-year work
requirements; or are veterans or certain active duty personnel, and close family.
The alienage restrictions do not apply to aliens who become citizens through
naturalization. Provisions:
a. Continued eligibility to receive Food Stamps for "qualified aliens" 65 or over
by August 22, 1996, subsequently disabled, and/or while under 18.
b. Exempted for 7 years the bar against Food Stamps for refugees and asylees
(including Cuban/Haitian entrants and Amerasians).
c. Exempted members of Indian Tribes and certain Native Americans bom in
Canada from the Food Stamps bar on "qualified aliens".
46. Visa Waiver Pilot Program
Reauthorization Act of April 27, 1998
(J 12 Statutes-at-Large 56)
Extended the Visa Waiver Pilot program through fiscal year 2000, modified the
qualifications for designation as a Pilot program country, and expanded the data
reporting requirements.
47.
American Competitiveness and
Workforce Improvement Act of
October 21, 1998
(112 Statutes-at-Large 2681)
Part of the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 1999. Provisions:
a. Raised the ceiling for the number of aliens who may be issued visas under the
H-l(b) temporary worker category by 142,500 over 3 years. The ceiling is 115,000
in both fiscal years 1999 and 2000, 107,500 in 2001, and reverts back to 65,000 in
2002.
b. Added new attestation requirements for recruitment and lay-off protections.
A.1-25
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
American Competitiveness and
Workforce Improvement Act of
October 21, 1998 — cont.
requiring them only of firms that are "H-l(b) dependent" (generally at least 15
percent of workforce are H-l(b) workers).
c. All firms must offer H-l(b) workers benefits as well as wages comparable to
their U.S. workers.
d. Education and training for U.S. workers will be funded by a $500 fee paid by
the employer for each H-l(b) worker hired.
148. NoN-CmzEN Beneht Clarification
Act of October 28, 1998
(112 Statutes-at-Large 2926)
Continued or partially restored eligibility to legal aliens benefits that had been
restricted by the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
of 1996. Such restrictions do not apply to "qualified aliens" (legal permanent
residents, refugees, aliens granted asylum or similar relief, aliens paroled into the
United States for at least one year, and certain battered family members; plus
Cuban/Haitian entrants added by the Balanced Budget Act) who meet 10-year work
requirements; or are veterans or certain active duty personnel, and close family. The
alienage restrictions do not apply to aliens who become citizens through
naturalization. Provisions:
a. Continued eligibility both for aged and for disabled non-"qualified aliens"
receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits as of August 26, 1996. SSI
recipients remain eligible for Medicaid; others ineligible.
b. Non-"qualified aliens" are ineligible for Food Stamps.
A. 1-26
Appendix i
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Sources:
American Council for Nationalities Service, Interpreter Releases, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (weekly).
Auerbach, Frank L., Immigration Laws of the United States, The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., Indianapolis, 1955.
Gordon, Charles and Ellen Gittel Gordon, Immigration and Nationality Law, Matthew Bender & Company, New York, 1979.
History of the Immigration and Naturalization Sen'ice, Report of the Senate Judiciary Committee for the use of the Select Commission
of Immigration and Refugee Policy, 96th Congress, 2d Session, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1980.
Hutchison, Edward P., Legislative History of American Immigration Policy, 1798-1965, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1981.
United States Statutes at Large, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, Annual Reports, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, The I & N Reporter (entitled The INS Reporter, starting with Fall 1976 edition),
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (quarterly).
U.S. Immigration Law and Policy: 1952-1986, Report of the Senate Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs, Senate Judiciary
Committee, l(X)th Congress, 1st Session, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1988.
Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (Reflecting Amendments through Pub. L. No. 105-139, 111 Stat. 2644 (December 2, 1997),
Prepared by General Counsel Office, Immigration and Naturalization Service, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC,
1998.
CRS Report for Congress (numerous editions). Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
A. 1-27
lPPENDIX 2
Preference Immigration Limits: Fiscal Year 1997
'he Immigration Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-649) restructured the immigrant categories of admission and
made other modifications to the Immigration and Nationality Act.
The 1990 Act divided the preference classes into two general categories: family-sponsored and
employment-based. Limits on the number of visas issued in these two categories are determined
annually.
Family -sponsored limits — The worldwide level for family-sponsored preferences is calculated as:
480,000
minus the number of aliens who were issued visas or adjusted to legal permanent residence in
the previous fiscal year as
1) immediate relatives of U.S. citizens,
2) children bom subsequent to the issuance of a visa to an accompanying parent, and
3) children born abroad to lawful permanent residents on temporary trips abroad,
plus unused employment preferences in the previous fiscal year.
The 1990 Act specifies that the family-sponsored limit may not go below a minimum of 226,000 in any
year. The number of legal permanent residents issued visas or who adjusted in fiscal year 1996 under
categories 1-3 listed above was 306,489, and 21,173 employment-based visas were unused in 1996.
The 1997 family-sponsored limit, therefore, was set to 226,000 (480,000 - 306,489 -(- 21,173 = 194,684
which is below 226,000). The limits for each of the family-sponsored preferences and their descriptions
are shown below.
Employment-based limits — The 1990 Act specifies that the worldwide limit on employment-based
preference immigrants is equal to 140,000 plus unused family-preference visas in the previous year.
The limit for fiscal year 1997 was set to 140,000 (140,000 -i- no unused family-preference visas in 1996
= 140,000).
Per-country limits — The per-country limit on preference immigration for independent countries is set to
7 percent of the total family and employment limits (226,000 + 140,000 = 366,000), while dependent
areas are limited to 2 percent of the total. The 1997 limit for independent foreign states is 25,620
(7 percent of 366,000) and the limit for dependencies is 7,320 (2 percent of 366,000).
Diversity limits — This classification became effective in fiscal year 1995. The annual limit is set at
55,000.
A.2-2
Appendix 2
Immigration Limits: Fiscal Year 1997
Preference
Description
Limit
Family-sponsored
preferences
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Employment-based
preferences
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Diversity immigrants
Unmarried sons and daughters of U.S. citizens
and their children.
226,000
23,400'
Spouses, children, and unmarried sons and daughters
of permanent resident aliens. 1 14,200^
Spouses and children receive at least 77 percent of the visas
issued. The remaining visas are issued to unmarried sons and
daughters (at least 21 years of age).
Married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens and
their spouses and children. 23,400^
Brothers and sisters of U.S. citizens (at least 21 years
of age) and their spouses and children. 65,000^
140,000
Priority workers and their spouses and children. 40,040'
Priority workers are (1) persons of extraordinary ability,
(2) outstanding professors and researchers, and (3) certain
multinational executives and managers.
Professionals with advanced degrees or aliens of
exceptional ability and their spouses and children.
Skilled workers, professionals (without advanced
degrees), needed unskilled workers, and
their spouses and children.
The number of unskilled workers is limited to 10,000.
Special immigrants and their spouses and children.
The number of certain religious workers is
limited to 5,000.
Employment creation ("Investors") and their spouses
and children.
40,040^
40,040^
9,940
9,940
55,000
' Plus unused family 4th preference visas. ' Visas not used in higher preferences may be used in these categories,
unused employment 4th and 5th preference visas.
Plus
A.2-3
lPPENDIX 3
Glossary
Acquired Citizenship — Citizenship conferred at birth
on children bom abroad to a U.S. citizen parent(s).
Adoption — See Orphan.
Adjustment to Immigrant Status — Procedure allowing
certain aliens already in the United States to apply for
immigrant status. Aliens admitted to the United States in
a nonimmigrant, refugee, or parolee category may have
their status changed to that of lawful permanent resident
if they are eligible to receive an immigrant visa and one is
immediately available. In such cases, the alien is counted
as an immigrant as of the date of adjustment, even though
the alien may have been in the United States for an
extended period of time. Beginning in October 1994,
Section 245(i) of the ENA allowed illegal residents who
were eligible for immigrant status to remain in the United
States and adjust to permanent resident status by applying
at an INS office and paying an additional penalty fee.
Prior to October 1994, most illegal residents were
required to leave the United States and acquire a visa
abroad from the Department of State.
Agricultural Worker — As a nonimmigrant class of
admission, an alien coming temporarily to the United
States to perform agricultural labor or services, as defined
by the Secretary of Labor.
Alien — Any person not a citizen or national of the
United States.
Amerasian Act — Public Law 97-359 (Act of 10/22/82)
provides for the immigration to the United States of
certain Amerasian children. In order to qualify for
benefits under this law, an alien must have been born in
Cambodia, Korea, Laos, Thailand, or Vietnam after
December 31, 1950 and before October 22, 1982, and
have been fathered by a U.S. citizen.
Amerasian (Vietnam) — Immigrant visas are issued to
Amerasians under Public Law 100-202 (Act of 12/22/87),
which provides for the admission of aliens born in
Vietnam between January 1, 1962 and January 1, 1976 if
the alien was fathered by a U.S. citizen. Spouses, children,
and parents or guardians may accompany the alien.
Application Support Centers — INS Offices that
conduct FBI background fingerprint checks. Some INS
applications, such as the Application for Naturalization or
the Application to Register Permanent Residence or
Adjust Status, require the INS to conduct a FBI
fingerprint background check on the applicant. Most
applicants that require a background check will be
scheduled to appear at a specific Application Support
Center (ASC) or Designated Law Enforcement Agency
(DLEA) for fingerprinting.
Apprehension — The arrest of a removable alien by the
Immigration and Naturalization Service. Each
apprehension of the same alien in a fiscal year is counted
separately.
Asylee — An alien in the United States or at a port of
entry who is found to be unable or unwilling to return to
his or her country of nationality, or to seek the protection
of that country because of persecution or a well-founded
fear of persecution. Persecution or the fear thereof must
be based on the alien's race, religion, nationality,
membership in a particular social group, or political
opinion. For persons with no nationality, the country of
nationality is considered to be the country in which the
alien last habitually resided. Asylees are eligible to adjust
to lawful permanent resident status after one year of
continuous presence in the United States. These
immigrants are limited to 10,000 adjustments per fiscal
year.
Beneficiaries — Aliens on whose behalf a U.S. citizen,
legal permanent resident, or employer have been filed for
such aliens to receive immigration benefits from the U.S.
Immigration and Naturalization Service. Beneficiaries
generally receive a lawful status as a result of their
relationship to a U.S. citizen, lawful permanent resident,
or U.S. employer.
Border Crosser — An alien resident of the United
States reentering the country after an absence of less
than six months in Canada or Mexico, or a nonresident
alien entering the United States across the Canadian
border for stays of no more than six months or across
the Mexican border for stays of no more than 72
hours.
Border Patrol Sector — Any one of 21 geographic areas
into which the United States is divided for the Immigration
and Naturalization Service's Border Patrol activities. .
A.3-2
Appendix 3
Glossary
Business Nonimmigrant — An alien coming
temporarily to the United States to engage in commercial
transactions which do not involve gainful employment in
the United States, i.e., engaged in international commerce
on behalf of a foreign firm, not employed in the U.S.
labor market, and receives no salary from U.S. sources.
Cancellation of Removal — A discretionary benefit
adjusting an alien's status from that of deportable alien to
one lawfully admitted for permanent residence.
Application for cancellation of removal is made during
the course of a hearing before an immigration judge.
Certificate of Citizenship — Identity document proving
U.S. citizenship. Certificates of citizenship are issued to
derivative citizens and to persons who acquired U.S.
citizenship (see definitions for Acquired and Derivative
Citizenship).
Child — Generally, an unmarried person under 21 years
of age who is: a legitimate child; a stepchild provided
that the child was under 18 years of age at the time that
the marriage creating the stepchild status occurred; a
legitimated child provided that the child was legitimated
while in the legal custody of the legitimating parent; a
child adopted while under 16 years of age who has
resided since adoption in the legal custody of the adopting
parents for at least 2 years; or an orphan, under 16 years
of age, who has been adopted abroad by a U.S. citizen or
has an immediate-relative visa petition submitted in
his/her behalf and is coming to the United States for
adoption by a U.S. citizen.
Country —
Birth: The country in which a person is bom.
Chargeability: The independent country to which an
immigrant entering under the preference system is
accredited.
Citizenship: The country in which a person is bom (and
has not renounced or lost citizenship) or naturalized; and
to which that person owes allegiance and is entitled to its
protection.
Former Allegiance: The previous country of citizenship
of a naturalized U.S. citizen or of a person who derived
U.S. citizenship.
(Last) Residence: The country in which an alien
habitually resided prior to entering the United States.
Nationality: The country of a person's citizenship or
country in which the person is deemed a national.
Crewman — A foreign national serving in any capacity
on board a vessel or aircraft. Crewmen are admitted for
twenty-nine days, with no extensions. Crewmen are
required to depart on the same vessel on which they
arrived are classified as D-ls. Crewmen who depart on a
vessel different than the one on which they arrived are
classified as D-2s.
Crewman Technical (or Nonwillful) Violator — Any
crewman who through no fault of his or her own remains
in the United States more than 29 days {e.g., a crewman
hospitalized beyond the 29-day admission period).
Cuban/Haitian Entrant — Status accorded 1) Cubans
who entered or were paroled into the United States
illegally between April 15, 1980 and October 10, 1980
and 2) Haitians who entered or were paroled into the
country illegally before January 1, 1981. Cubans and
Haitians meeting these criteria who have continuously
resided in the United States since before January 1, 1982,
and who were known to the INS before that date, may
adjust to permanent residence under a provision of the
Immigration Control and Reform Act of 1986.
Deferred Inspection — See Parolee.
Departure Under Safeguards — The departure of an
illegal alien from the United States which is physically
observed by an Immigration and Naturalization Service
official.
Deportable Alien — An alien in the United States
subject to any grounds of removal specified in the
Immigration and Nationality Act. This includes any alien
illegally in the United States, regardless of whether the
alien entered the country illegally or entered legally but
subsequently violated the terms of his or her
nonimmigrant classification or status.
Deportation — The formal removal of an alien from the
United States when the alien has been found removable
A.3-3
.PPENDEX 3
Glossary
for violating immigration laws. Deportation is ordered by
an immigration judge without any punishment being
imposed or contemplated. Prior to April 1997 deportation
and exclusion were separate removal procedures. The
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility
Act of 1996 consolidated these procedures. After April 1,
1997 aliens in and admitted to the United States may be
subject to removal based on deportability.
Derivative Citizenship — Citizenship conveyed to
children through the naturalization of parents or, under
certain circumstances to foreign-bom children adopted by
U.S. citizen parents, provided certain conditions are met.
District — Any one of thirty-three geographic areas into
which the United States and its territories are divided for
the Immigration and Naturalization Service's field
operations or one of three overseas offices located in
Rome, Bangkok, or Mexico City. Each District Office,
headed by a District Director, has a specified service area
that may include part of a state, an entire state, or many
states. District Offices are where most INS field staff are
located. District Offices are responsible for providing
certain immigration services and benefits to people
resident in their service area, and for enforcing
immigration laws in that jurisdiction. Certain applications
are filed directly with District Offices, many kinds of
interviews are conducted at these Offices, and INS staff is
available to answer questions, provide forms, etc.
Diversity Transition — A transition towards the
permanent diversity program in fiscal year 1995, allocating
40,000 visas annually during the period 1992-94 to
nationals of certain countries identified as having been
"adversely affected" by the Immigration and Nationality
Act Amendments of 1965 (P.L. 89-236). At least 40
percent of the visas were reserved for natives of Ireland.
Diversity — A category of immigrants that are provided
55,000 visas per year beginning in fiscal year 1995.
Nationals of countries with more than 50,000 numerically
limited admissions over the preceding 5 years are
excluded from receiving the visas. The visas are
distributed among the remaining countries through a
lottery, with a limit of 3,850 per country.
Docket Control — The INS mechanism for tracking the
case status of potentially removable aliens.
Employer Sanctions — The employer sanctions
provision of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of
1986 prohibits employers from hiring, recruiting, or
referring for a fee aliens known to be unauthorized to
work in the United States. Violators of the law are
subject to a series of civil fines for violations or criminal
penalties when there is a pattern or practice of violations.
Exchange Visitor — An ahen coming temporarily to the
United States as a participant in a program approved by
the Secretary of State for the purpose of teaching,
instructing or lecturing, studying, observing, conducting
research, consulting, demonstrating special skills, or
receiving training.
Exclusion — Prior to the Illegal Immigration Reform and
Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, exclusion was the
formal term for denial of an alien's entry into the United
States. The decision to exclude an alien was made by an
immigration judge after an exclusion hearing. Since April
1, 1997 the process of adjudicating or appealing the
determination of inadmissibility can take place in either
an expedited removal process or in removal proceedings
before an immigration judge.
Exempt from the Numerical Limit — Those aliens
accorded lawful permanent residence who are exempt
from the provisions of the flexible numerical limit of
675,000 set by the Immigration Act of 1990. Exempt
categories include immediate relatives of U.S. citizens,
refugees, asylees, Amerasians, adjustments under the
legalization provisions of the Immigration Reform and
Control Act of 1986, and certain parolees from the former
Soviet Union and Indochina.
Expedited removal — The Illegal Immigration Reform
and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 authorized the
INS to quickly remove certain inadmissible aliens from
the United States. The authority covers aliens who are
inadmissible because they have no entry documents or
because they have used counterfeit, altered or otherwise
fraudulent or improper documents. The authority covers
aliens who arrive in, attempt to enter, or have entered the
United States without having been admitted or paroled by
an immigration officer at a port-of-entry. The INS has the
authority to order the removal and the alien is not referred
to an immigration judge except under certain
circumstances after an alien makes a claim to legal status
A.3-4
Appendix 3
Glossary
in the United States or demonstrates a credible fear of
persecution if returned to their home country.
Fiance(e)s of U.S. Citizen — A nonimmigrant alien
coming to the United States to conclude a valid marriage
with a U.S. citizen within ninety days after entry.
Files Control Office — An Immigration and
Naturalization Service field office — either a district
(including INS overseas offices) or a suboffice of that
district — where alien case files are maintained and
controlled.
Fiscal Year — Currently, the twelve-month period
beginning October 1 and ending September 30.
Historically, until 1831 and from 1843-49, the twelve-
month period ending September 30 of the respective year;
from 1832-42 and 1850-67, ending December 31 of the
respective year; from 1868-1976, ending June 30 of the
respective year. The transition quarter (TQ) for 1976
covers the three-month period, July-September 1976.
Foreign Government Official — As a nonimmigrant
class of admission, an alien coming temporarily to the
United States who has been accredited by a foreign
government to function as an ambassador, public
minister, career diplomatic or consular officer, other
accredited official, or an attendant, servant or personal
employee of an accredited official, and all above aliens'
spouses and unmarried minor (or dependent) children.
Foreign Information Media Representative — As a
nonimmigrant class of admission, an alien coming
temporarily to the United States as a bona fide
representative of foreign press, radio, film, or other
foreign information media and the alien's spouse and
unmarried minor (or dependent) children.
Foreign State of Chargeability — The independent
country to which an immigrant entering under the
preference system is accredited. No more than 7 percent
of the family-sponsored and employment-based visas
may be issued to natives of any one independent country
in a fiscal year. No one dependency of any independent
countries may receive more than 2 percent of the family-
sponsored and employment-based visas issued. Since
these limits are based on visa issuance rather than entries
into the United States, and immigrant visas are valid for 6
months, there is not total correspondence between these
two occurrences. Chargeability is usually determined by
country of birth. Exceptions are made to prevent the
separation of family members when the limitation for the
country of birth has been met.
General Naturalization Provisions — The basic
requirements for naturalization that every applicant must
meet, unless a member of a special class. General
provisions require an applicant to be at least 18 years of
age, a lawful permanent resident with five years of
continuous residence in the United States, have been
physically present in the country for half that period, and
to establish good moral character.
Geographic Area of Chargeability — Any one of five
regions — Africa, East Asia, Latin America and the
Caribbean, Near East and South Asia, and the former
Soviet Union and Eastern Europe — into which the world
is divided for the initial admission of refugees to the
United States. Annual consultations between the
Executive Branch and the Congress determine the ceiling
on the number of refugees who can be admitted to the
United States from each area. Beginning in fiscal year
1987, an unallocated reserve was incorporated into the
admission ceilings.
Hemispheric Ceilings — Statutory limits on immigration
to the United States in effect from 1968 to October 1978.
Mandated by the Immigration and Nationality Act
Amendments of 1965, the ceiling on immigration from
the Eastern Hemisphere was set at 170,000, with a per-
country limit of 20,000. Immigration from the Western
Hemisphere was held to 120,000, without a per-country
limit until January 1, 1977. The Western Hemisphere
was then made subject to a 20,000 per country limit.
Effective October 1978, the separate hemisphere limits
were abolished in favor of a worldwide limit of 290,000.
This limit was lowered to 280,000 for fiscal year 1980,
and to 270,000 for fiscal years 1981-91.
Immediate Relatives — Certain immigrants who because
of their close relationship to U.S. citizens are exempt from
the numerical limitations imposed on immigration to the
United States. Immediate relatives are: spouses of
citizens, children (under 21 years of age) of citizens.
A.3-5
lPPENDIX 3
Glossary
parents of citizens 21 years of age or older, and orphans
adopted by citizens who are at least 21 years of age.
Immigrant — See Permanent Resident Alien
Immigration Act of 1990 — Public Law 101-649 (Act of
November 29, 1990), which increased the limits on legal
immigration to the United States, revised all grounds for
exclusion and deportation, authorized temporary
protected status to aliens of designated countries, revised
and established new nonimmigrant admission categories;
revised and extended the Visa Waiver Pilot Program; and
revised naturalization authority and requirements.
Immigration Judge — An attorney appointed by the
Attorney General to act as an administrative judge within
the Executive Office for Immigration Review. They are
qualified to conduct specified classes of proceedings,
including removal proceedings.
INA — See Immigration and Nationality Act
Immigration and Nationality Act — The Act (INA),
which along with other immigration laws, treaties, and
conventions of the United States, relates to the
immigration, temporary admission, naturalization, and
removal of aliens.
Immigration Marriage Fraud Amendments of 1986 —
Public Law 99-639 (Act of 11/10/86), which was passed
in order to deter immigration-related marriage fraud. Its
major provision stipulates that aliens deriving their
immigrant status based on a marriage of less than two
years are conditional immigrants. To remove their
conditional status the immigrants must apply at an
Immigration and Naturalization Service office during the
90-day period before their second-year anniversary of
receiving conditional status. If the aliens cannot show
that the marriage through which the status was obtained
was and is a valid one, their conditional immigrant status
may be terminated and they may become deportable.
Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986
Public Law 99-603 (Act of 1 1/6/86), which was passed in
order to control and deter illegal immigration to the
United States. Its major provisions stipulate legalization
of undocumented aliens, legalization of certain
agricultural workers, sanctions for employers who
knowingly hire undocumented workers, and increased
enforcement at U.S. borders.
Inadmissible — An alien seeicing admission at a port of
entry who does not meet the criteria in the INA for
admission. The alien may be placed in removal
proceedings or, under certain circumstances, allowed to
withdraw their application for admission.
Industrial Trainee — See Temporary Worker.
International Representative — As a nonimmigrant
class of admission, an alien coming temporarily to the
United States as a principal or other accredited
representative of a foreign government (whether officially
recognized or not recognized by the United States) to an
international organization, an international organization
officer or employee, and all above aliens' spouses and
unmarried minor (or dependent) children.
Intracompany Transferee — An alien, employed for at
least one year by an international firm or corporation,
who seeks to enter the United States temporarily in order
to continue to work for the same employer, or a
subsidiary or affiliate, in a capacity that is primarily
managerial, executive, or involves specialized
knowledge.
IRCA
1986.
See Immigration Reform and Control Act of
Labor Certification — Requirement for U.S. employers
seeking to employ certain persons whose immigration to
the United States is based on job skills or nonimmigrant
temporary workers coming to perform services
unavailable in the United States. Labor certification is
issued by the Secretary of Labor and contains attestations
by U.S. employers as to the numbers of U.S. workers
available to undertake the employment sought by an
applicant, and the effect of the alien's employment on the
wages and working conditions of U.S. workers similarly
employed. Determination of labor availability in the
United States is made at the time of a visa application and
at the location where the applicant wishes to work.
A.3-6
J
Appendix 3
Glossary
Legalization Dependents — A maximum of 55,000
visas were issued to spouses and children of aliens
legalized under the provisions of the Immigration Reform
ind Control Act of 1986 in each of fiscal years 1992-94.
Legalized Aliens — Certain illegal aliens who were
eligible to apply for temporary resident status under the
legalization provision of the Immigration Reform and
Control Act of 1986. To be eligible, aliens must have
;ontinuously resided in the United States in an unlawful
status since January 1, 1982, not be excludable, and have
entered the United States either 1) illegally before
fanuary 1, 1982 or 2) as temporary visitors before
fanuary 1, 1982, with their authorized stay expiring
jefore that date or with the Government's knowledge of
heir unlawful status before that date. Legalization
;onsists of two stages — temporary and then permanent
•esidency. In order to adjust to permanent status aliens
Tiust have had continuous residence in the United States,
je admissible as an immigrant, and demonstrate at least a
Tiinimal understanding and knowledge of the English
anguage and U.S. history and government.
Medical and Legal Parolee — See Parolee.
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) — The general
;oncept of an MSA is one of a large population nucleus
;ogether with adjacent communities which have a high
degree of social and economic integration with that
nucleus. Tabulations in the INS Statistical Yearbook
include Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), Primary
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs), and New
England County Metropolitan Areas (NECMAs). MSAs
and PSAs are defined by the Office of Management and
Budget. PMSAs are components of larger metropolitan
complexes called Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical
Areas (CMSAs), which are not displayed in the
Yearbook.
Migrant — A person who leaves his/her country of
origin to seek residence in another country.
NACARA — Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central
American Relief Act.
National — A person owing permanent allegiance to a
state.
NATO Official — As a nonimmigrant class of
admission, an alien coming temporarily to the United
States as a member of the armed forces or as a civilian
employed by the armed forces on assignment with a
foreign government signatory to NATO (North Atlantic
Treaty Organization), and the alien's spouse and
unmarried minor (or dependent) children.
Naturalization — The conferring, by any means, of
citizenship upon a person after birth.
Naturalization Application — The form used by a
lawful permanent resident to apply for U.S. citizenship.
The application is filed with the Immigration and
Naturalization Service at the Service Center with
jurisdiction over the applicant's place of residence.
New Arrival — A lawful permanent resident alien who
enters the United States at a port of entry. The alien is
generally required to present an immigrant visa issued
outside the United States by a consular officer of the
Department of State. Three classes of immigrants,
however, need not have an immigrant visa to enter the
United States — children bom abroad to lawful permanent
resident aliens, children bom subsequent to the issuance
of an immigrant visa to accompanying parents, and
American Indians bom in Canada.
Nonimmigrant — An alien who seeks temporary entry
to the United States for a specific purpose. The alien
must have a permanent residence abroad (for most classes
of admission) and qualify for the nonimmigrant
classification sought. The nonimmigrant classifications
include: foreign government officials, visitors for
business and for pleasure, aliens in transit through the
United States, treaty traders and investors, students,
international representatives, temporary workers and
trainees, representatives of foreign information media,
exchange visitors, fiance(e)s of U.S. citizens,
intracompany transferees, NATO officials, religious
workers, and some others. Most nonimmigrants can be
accompanied or joined by spouses and unmarried minor
(or dependent) children. Although refugees, parolees,
withdrawals, and stowaways are processed as
nonimmigrants upon arrival to the United States, these
classes, as well as crewmen, are not included in
nonimmigrant admission data.
A.3-7
lPPENDIX 3
Glossary
Nonpreference Category — Nonpreference visas were
available to qualified applicants not entitled to one under
the other preferences until the category was eliminated by
the Immigration Act of 1990. Nonpreference visas for
persons not entitled to the other preferences had not been
available since September 1978 because of high demand
in the preference categories. An additional 5,000
nonpreference visas were available in each of fiscal years
1987 and 1988 under a provision of the Immigration
Reform and Control Act of 1986. This program was
extended into 1989, 1990, and 1991 with 15,000 visas
issued each year. Aliens bom in countries from which
immigration was adversely affected by the Immigration
and Nationality Act Amendments of 1965 (Public Law
89-236) were eligible for the special nonpreference visas.
North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA) —
Public Law 103-182 (Act of 12/8/93), superseded the
United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement as of 1/1/94.
It continues the special, reciprocal trading relationship
between the United States and Canada (see United States-
Canada Free-Trade Agreement), and establishes a similar
relationship with Mexico.
Nursing Relief Act of 1989 — Public Law 101-238 (Act
of 12/18/89), provides for the adjustment to permanent
resident status of certain nonimmigrants who as of
September 1, 1989, had H-1 nonimmigrant status as
registered nurses; who had been employed in that
capacity for at least 3 years; and whose continued nursing
employment meets certain labor certification
requirements. It also provides for a 5-year pilot program
for admission of nonimmigrant nurses under the H-1 A
category.
Occupation — For an alien entering the United States or
adjusting without a labor certification, occupation refers
to the employment held in the country of last or legal
residence or in the United States. For an alien with a
labor certification, occupation is the employment for
which certification has been issued.
Orphan — For immigration purposes, a child whose
parents have died or disappeared, or who has been
abandoned or otherwise separated from both parents. An
orphan may also be a child whose sole or surviving parent
is incapable of providing that child with proper care and
who has, in writing, irrevocably released the child for
emigration and adoption. In order to qualify as an
immediate relative, the orphan must be under the age of
sixteen at the time a petition is filed on his or her behalf
To enter the United States, an orphan must have been
adopted abroad by a U.S. citizen (and spouse, if married]
or be coming to the United States for adoption by s
citizen.
Panama Canal Act Immigrants — Three categories ol
special immigrants established by Public Law 96-70 (Aci
of 9/27/79): 1) certain former employees of the Panami
Canal Company or Canal Zone Government, theii
spouses and children; 2) certain former employees of th{
U.S. Government in the Panama Canal Zone, theii
spouses and children; and 3) certain former employees o;
the Panama Canal Company or Canal Zone Govemmen
on April 1, 1979, their spouses and children. The Ac
provides for admission of a maximum of 15,00(
immigrants, at a rate of no more than 5,000 each year.
Parolee — A parolee is an alien, appearing to b
inadmissible to the inspecting officer, allowed into th
United States under urgent humanitarian reasons or whe:
that alien's entry is determined to be for significant publi
benefit. Parole does not constitute a formal admission t
the United States and confers temporary status only
requiring parolees to leave when the condition
supporting their parole cease to exist. Parolees are no
included in nonimmigrant admission data. Types o
parolees include:
1) Deferred inspection: Parole may be granted to a
alien who appears not to be clearly admissible to th
inspecting officer. An appointment will be made for th
alien's appearance at another Service office where mor
information is available and the inspection can b
completed.
2) Advance parole: authorized at an INS District offic
in advance of alien's arrival.
3) Port of entry parole:
alien's arrival.
authorized at the port upo:
4) Humanitarian parole: authorized at INS headquarters
e.g., granted to an alien who has a serious medica
condition which would make detention or immediat
return inappropriate.
A.3-8
Appendix 3
Glossary
5) Public interest parole: authorized at INS
headquarters, e.g., granted to an alien who is a witness in
legal proceedings or is subject to prosecution in the
United States.
6) Overseas parole: authorized at an INS District or
suboffice while the alien is still overseas.
Per-Country Limit — The maximum number of family-
sponsored and employment-based preference visas that
can be issued to any country in a fiscal year. The limits
are calculated each fiscal year depending on the total
number of family-sponsored and employment-based visas
available. No more than 7 percent of the visas may be
issued to natives of any one independent country in a
fiscal year; no more than 2 percent may issued to any one
dependency of any independent country. The per-country
limit does not indicate, however, that a country is entitled
to the maximum number of visas each year, just that it
cannot receive more than that number. Because of the
combined workings of the preference system and per-
country limits, most countries do not reach this level of
visa issuance.
Permanent Resident Alien — An alien admitted to the
United States as a lawful permanent resident. Permanent
residents are also commonly referred to as immigrants.
Immigrants are lawfully accorded the privilege of
residing permanently in the United States. They may be
issued immigrant visas by the Department of State
overseas or adjusted to permanent resident status by the
Immigration and Naturalization Service in the United
States.
Port of Entry — Any location in the United States or its
territories that is designated as a point of entry for aliens
and U.S. citizens. All district and files control offices are
also considered ports since they become locations of
entry for aliens adjusting to immigrant status.
Pre-inspection — Complete immigration inspection of
airport passengers before departure from a foreign
country. No further immigration inspection is required
upon arrival in the United States other than submission of
INS Form 1-94 for nonimmigrant aliens.
Preference System (prior to fiscal year 1992) — The
six categories among which 270,000 immigrant visa
numbers were distributed each year during the period
1981-91. This preference system was amended by the
Immigration Act of 1990, effective fiscal year 1992. (See
Preference System (Immigration Act of 1990).) The six
categories were: unmarried sons and daughters (over 21
years of age) of U.S. citizens (20 percent); spouses and
unmarried sons and daughters of aliens lawfully admitted
for permanent residence (26 percent); members of the
professions or persons of exceptional ability in the
sciences and arts (10 percent); married sons and
daughters of U.S. citizens (10 percent); brothers and
sisters of U.S. citizens over 21 years of age (24 percent);
and needed skilled or unskilled workers (10 percent). A
nonpreference category, historically open to immigrants
not entitled to a visa number under one of the six
preferences just listed, had no numbers available
beginning in September 1978.
Preference System (Immigration Act of 1990) — The
nine categories since fiscal year 1992 among which the
family-sponsored and employment-based immigrant
preference visas are distributed. The family-sponsored
preferences are: 1) unmarried sons and daughters of U.S.
citizens; 2) spouses, children, and unmarried sons and
daughters of permanent resident aliens; 3) married sons
and daughters of U.S. citizens; 4) brothers and sisters of
U.S. citizens. The employment-based preferences are: 1)
priority workers (persons of extraordinary ability,
outstanding professors and researchers, and certain
multinational executives and managers); 2) professionals
with advanced degrees or aliens with exceptional ability;
3) skilled workers, professionals (without advanced
degrees), and needed unskilled workers; 4) special
immigrants; and 5) employment creation immigrants
(investors).
Principal Alien — The alien who applies for immigrant
status and from whom another alien may acquire lawful
status under immigration law or regulations (usually
spouses and siblings).
Refugee — Any person who is outside his or her country
of nationality who is unable or unwilling to return to that
country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of
persecution. Persecution or the fear thereof may be based
on the alien's race, religion, nationality, membership in a
particular social group, or political opinion. People with
A.3-9
.PPENDIX 3
Glossary
I
no nationality must generally be outside their country of
last habitual residence to qualify as a refugee. Refugees
are exempt from numerical limitation (though worldwide
ceilings by geographic area are set annually by the
President) and are eligible to adjust to lawful permanent
residence after one year of continuous presence in the
United States. Refugees are not included in nonimmigrant
admission data.
Refugee Approvals — The number of refugees approved
for admission to the United States during a fiscal year.
Immigration and Naturalization Service officers in
overseas offices make refugee approvals.
Refugee Arrivals — The number of refugees the
Immigration and Naturalization Service initially admits to
the United States through ports of entry during a fiscal
year.
Refugee Authorized Admissions — The maximum
number of refugees allowed to enter the United States in a
given fiscal year. As set forth in the Refugee Act of 1980
(Public Law 96-212) the President determines the annual
figure after consultations with Congress.
Refugee-Parolee — A qualified applicant for conditional
entry, between February 1970 and April 1980, whose
application for admission to the United States could not
be approved because of inadequate numbers of seventh
preference visas. As a result, the applicant was paroled
into the United States under the parole authority granted
the Attorney General.
Regional Offices — The three INS Regional Offices that
supervise the work of INS Districts and Border Patrol
Sectors. The Regional Directors report to the Executive
Associate Commissioner for Field Operations in INS
Headquarters, Washington, DC. The three Regional
Offices are located in (Eastern Region) Burlington, VT,
(Central Region) Dallas, TX, and (Western Region)
Laguna Niguel, CA.
Registry Date — Aliens who have continuously resided
in the United States since January 1, 1972, are of good
moral character, and are not inadmissible, are eligible to
adjust to legal permanent resident status under the
registry provision. Before the Immigration Reform and
Control Act of 1986 amended the date aliens had to have
A.3-10
been in the country continuously since June 30, 1948 to
qualify.
Removal — The expulsion of an alien from the United
States. This expulsion may be based on grounds of
inadmissibility or deportability.
Required Departure — See voluntary departure.
Resettlement — Permanent relocation of refugees in a
place outside their country of origin to allow them to
establish residence and become productive members of
society there. Refugee resettlement is accomplished
with the direct assistance of private voluntary agencies
working with the Department of Health and Human
Services office of Refugee Resettlement.
Safe Haven — Temporary refuge given to migrants who
have filed their countries of origin to seed protection or
relief from persecution or other hardships, until they can
return to their countries safely or, if necessary, until they
can obtain permanent relief from the conditions they fled.
Service Centers — Three offices established to handle
the mail, file, data entry, and adjudication of most
applications for immigration services and benefits. The
applications are mailed to INS Service Centers — Service
Centers are not staffed to receive walk-in applications or
questions.
Special Agricultural Workers (SAW) — Aliens who
performed labor in perishable agricultural commodities
for a specified period of time and were admitted for
temporary and then permanent residence under a
provision of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of
1986. Up to 350,000 aliens who worked at least 90 days
in each of the 3 years preceding May 1, 1986 were
eligible for Group I temporary resident status. Eligible
aliens who qualified under this requirement but applied
after the 350,000 limit was met and aliens who performed
labor in perishable agricultural commodities for at least
90 days during the year ending May 1, 1986 were eligible
for Group II temporary resident status. Adjustment tc
permanent resident status is essentially automatic for both
groups; however, aliens in Group I were eligible or
December 1, 1989 and those in Group II were eligible one
year later on December 1, 1990.
.PPENDIX 3
Glossary
Special Immigrants — Certain categories of immigrants
who were exempt from numerical limitation before fiscal
year 1992 and subject to limitation under the
employment-based fourth preference beginning in 1992:
persons who lost citizenship by marriage; persons who
lost citizenship by serving in foreign armed forces;
ministers of religion, their spouses and children; certain
employees and former employees of the U.S.
Government abroad, their spouses and children; Panama
Canal Act immigrants; certain foreign medical school
graduates, their spouses and children; certain retired
employees of international organizations, their spouses
and children; juvenile court dependents; certain aliens
serving in the U.S. Armed Forces, their spouses and
children; and religious workers, their spouses and
children.
Special Naturalization Provisions — Provisions
covering special classes of persons who may be
naturalized even though they do not meet all the general
requirements for naturalization. Such special provisions
allow: 1) wives or husbands of U.S. citizens to be
naturalized in three years instead of the prescribed five
years; 2) a surviving spouse of a U.S. citizen who served
in the armed forces to file in any naturalization court
instead of where he/she resides; 3) children of U.S.
citizen parents to be naturalized without meeting the
literacy or civics requirements or taking the oath, if too
young to understand the meaning. Other classes of
persons who may qualify for special consideration are
former U.S. citizens, servicemen, seamen, and employees
of organizations promoting U.S. interests abroad.
Stateless — Having no nationality.
Stowaway — An alien coming to the United States
surreptitiously on an airplane or vessel without legal
status of admission. Such an alien is subject to denial of
formal admission and return to the point of embarkation
by the transportation carrier.
Student — As a nonimmigrant class of admission, an
alien coming temporarily to the United States to pursue a
full course of study in an approved program in either an
academic (college, university, seminary, conservatory,
academic high school, elementary school, other
institution, or language training program) or a vocational
or other recognized nonacademic institution.
Sub Offices — Offices found in some Districts that serve
a portion of the District's jurisdiction. A Sub Office,
headed by an Officer-in-Charge, provides many services
and enforcement functions. Their locations are
determined, in part, to increase convenience to INS'
customers.
Subject to the Numerical Limit — Categories of legal
immigrants subject to annual limits under the provisions
of the flexible numerical limit of 675,000 set by the
Immigration Act of 1990. The largest categories are:
family-sponsored preferences; employment-based
preferences; and diversity immigrants.
Temporary Protected Status (TPS) — Establishes a
legislative base to the administrative practice of allowing
a group of persons temporary refuge in the United States.
Under a provision of the Immigration Act of 1990, the
Attorney General may designate nationals of a foreign
state to be eligible for TPS with a finding that conditions
in that country pose a danger to personal safety due to
ongoing armed conflict or an environmental disaster.
Grants of TPS are initially made for periods of 6 to 18
months and may be extended depending on the situation.
Deportation proceedings are suspended against aliens
while they are in Temporary Protected Status.
Temporary Resident — See Nonimmigrant.
Temporary Worker — An alien worker coming to the
United States to work for a temporary period of time.
The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, the
Immigration Nursing Relief Act of 1989, and the
Immigrafion Act of 1990 revised existing classes and
created new classes of nonimmigrant admission.
Nonimmigrant worker classes of admission are as
follows:
1) H-IA — registered nurses;
2) H-IB — workers with "specialty occupations"
admitted on the basis of professional education, skills,
and/or equivalent experience;
3) H-2A— temporary agricultural workers coming to the
United States to perform agricultural services or labor of
a temporary or seasonal nature when services are
unavailable in the United States;
4) H-2B — temporary non-agricultural workers coming to
the United States to perform temporary services or labor
A.3-11
lPPENDIX 3
Glossary
if unemployed persons capable of performing the service
or labor cannot be found in the United States;
5) H-3 — aliens coming temporarily to the United States
as trainees, other than to receive graduate medical
education or training;
6) O-l, 0-2, 0-3 — temporary workers with extra-
ordinary ability or achievement in the sciences, arts,
education, business, or athletics; those entering solely for
the purpose of accompanying and assisting such workers;
and their spouses and children;
7) P-1, P-2, P-3, P-4 — athletes and entertainers at an
internationally recognized level of performance; artists
and entertainers under a reciprocal exchange program;
artists and entertainers under a program that is "culturally
unique"; and their spouses and children;
8) Q — participants in international cultural exchange
programs;
9) R-1, R-2 — temporary workers to perform work in
religious occupations and their spouses and children.
Temporary visitors in the Exchange Visitor,
Intracompany Transferee, and U.S. -Canada or North
American Free-Trade Agreement classes of
nonimmigrant admission also are granted authorization to
work temporarily in the United States. See other sections
of this Glossary for definitions of these classes.
Transit Alien — An alien in immediate and continuous
transit through the United States, with or without a visa,
including, 1) aliens who qualify as persons entitled to
pass in transit to and from the United Nations
Headquarters District and foreign countries and
2) foreign government officials and their spouses and
unmarried minor (or dependent) children in transit.
Transition Quarter — The three-month period — July 1
through September 30, 1976 — between fiscal year 1976
and fiscal year 1977. At that time, the fiscal year
definition shifted from July 1-June 30 to October 1-
September 30.
Transit Without Visa (TWOV) — A transit alien
traveling without a nonimmigrant visa under section 233
of the immigration law. An alien admitted under
agreements with a transportation line, which guarantees
his immediate and continuous passage to a foreign
destination. (See Transit Alien.)
Treaty Trader or Investor — As a nonimmigrant class
of admission, an alien coming temporarily to the United
States, under the provisions of a treaty of commerce and
navigation between the United States and the foreign
state of such alien, to carry on substantial trade or to
direct the operations of an enterprise in which he has
invested a substantial amount of capital, and the ahen's
spouse and unmarried minor children.
Underrepresented Countries, Natives of — The
Immigration Amendments of 1988, Public Law 101-658
(Act of 1 1/5/88) allowed for 10,000 visas to be issued to
natives of underrepresented countries in each of fiscal
years 1990 and 1991. Under-represented countries are
defined as countries that received less than 25 percent of
the maximum allowed under the country limitations
(20,000 for independent countries and 5,000 for
dependencies) in fiscal year 1988.
United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement — Public
Law 100-449 (Act of 9/28/88) established a special,
reciprocal trading relationship between the United States
and Canada. It provided two new classes of nonimmigrant
admission for temporary visitors to the United States-
Canadian citizen business persons and their spouses and
unmarried minor children. Entry is facilitated for visitors
seeking classification as visitors for business, treaty traders
or investors, intracompany transferees, or other business
people engaging in activities at a professional level. Such
visitors are not required to obtain nonimmigrant visas,
prior petitions, labor certifications, or prior approval but
must satisfy the inspecting officer they are seeking entry to
engage in activities at a professional level and that they are
so qualified. The United States-Canada Free-Trade
Agreement was superseded by the North American Free-
Trade Agreement (NAFTA) as of 1/1/94.
Visa Waiver Pilot Program — Allows citizens ol
certain selected countries, traveling temporarily to the
United States under the nonimmigrant admission classes
of visitors for pleasure and visitors for business, to entei
the United Slates without obtaining nonimmigrant visas
Admission is for no more than 90 days. The prograir
was instituted by the Immigration Reform and Control
Act of 1986 (entries began 7/1/88). Under the Guanr
Visa Waiver Pilot Program, certain visitors fron
designated countries may visit Guam for up to 15 day;
without first having to obtain nonimmigrant visitor visas.
A.3-12
Appendix 3
Glossary
Voluntary Departure — The departure of an alien from
the United States without an order of removal. The
departure may or may not have been preceded by a
hearing before an immigration judge. An alien allowed to
voluntarily depart concedes removability but does not
have a bar to seeiting admission at a port-of-entry at any
time.
Withdrawal — An arriving alien's voluntary retraction
of an application for admission to the United States in
lieu of a removal hearing before an immigration judge or
an expedited removal. Withdrawals are not included in
nonimmigrant admission data.
Worldwide Ceiling — The numerical limit imposed on
immigration visa issuance worldwide beginning in fiscal
year 1979 and ending in fiscal year 1991. The 1991
ceiling was 270,000 visa numbers. Prior to enactment of
Public Law 96-212 on March 17, 1980, the worldwide
ceiling was 290,000.
A.3-13
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
PPENDIX 4
Data Sources
Data Series
Form Number and Title
mmigrants
► New arrivals (except children born subsequent
to issuance of immigrant visa to accompanying
alien parents; children born to lawful permanent
resident aliens during temporary visits abroad;
and American Indians bom in Canada)
> Adjustments (and special new arrival cases listed
above)
faturalizations
Nonimmigrants
'eportations, Required Departures
xclusions
erformance Analysis
.efugees
sylees
pprehensions
OF-155 — (State Dept.) Immigrant Visa and Alien
Registration
OF-230 — (State Dept.) Application for Immigrant
Visa and Alien Registration
1-181 — Memorandum of Creation of Record of
Lawful Permanent Residence
N-400 — Application to File Petition for Naturalization
N-402 — Application to File Petition for Naturalization
in Behalf of Child
N-405 — Petition for Naturalization
N-480 — Naturalization Petitions Recommended to
be Granted
N-600 — Application for Certificate of Citizenship
N-643 — Application for Certificate of Citizenship on
Behalf of an Adopted Child
1-94 — Arrival / Departure Record
I-94W — Visa Waiver Arrival / Departure Form
— Deportable Alien Control System
1-259 — Notice to Detain, Deport, Remove, or
Present Aliens
1-275 — Notice of Withdrawal of Application for
Admission to the United States
1-296 — Notice of Alien Ordered Excluded by
Immigration Judge
— Deportable Alien Control System
G-23 — Report of Field Operations
G-319 — Report of Applicants for Refugee Status
under Section 207, INA
1-94 — Arrival/Departure Record
1-590 — Registration for Classification as Refugee
1-589 — Request for Asylum in the United States
1-213 — Record of Deportable Alien
A,4-l
.PPENDIX 5
Table Genealogy
1997
Immigrants
1. Immigration to the United States (historical ')
2. Immigration by region and country of last residence (historical ')
3. Immigrants admitted by region and country of birth (historical ')
4. Iimnigrants admitted by type and class of admission (historical ')
5. Immigrants admitted by region of birth and type and class of admission
6. Immigrants admitted by class of admission and foreign state of chargeability under the preference categories
7. Immigrants admitted by type of admission and country of birth
8. Immigrants admitted by class of admission and country of birth
9. Immigrants admitted by class of admission and country of last permanent residence
10. Immigrants adjusted to permanent resident status by status at entry and country of birth
11. Immigrants admitted in current fiscal year by calendar year of entry, type of admission, and country of birth
12. Immigrants admitted by age, and sex (historical ')
13. Immigrants admitted by country of birth, age, and sex
14. Immigrants admitted by marital status, age, and sex
15. Immigrant-orphans adopted by U.S. citizens by sex, age, and country of birth
16. Immigrant new arrivals by port of entry and country of birth
17. Immigrants admitted by country of birth and state of intended residence
18. Immigrants admitted by state of intended residence (historical ')
19. Immigrants admitted by country of birth and metropolitan statistical area of intended residence
20. Immigrant beneficiaries of occupational preferences admitted by type of admission and occupation
21. Iminigrants admitted by major occupation group and country of birth
Refugees, Asylees
22. Refugee-status applications (historical ')
23. Refugee-status applications by geographic area and country of chargeability
24. Refugee approvals and arrivals by geographic area of chargeability (historical ')
25. Refugee arrivals into the United States by country of citizenship (historical ')
26. Refugees granted permanent resident status in current fiscal year by calendar year of entry and country of birth ....
27. Asylum cases filed with INS District Directors and Asylum Officers (historical ')
28. Number of individuals granted asylum by INS District Directors and Asylum Officers by nationality (historical ')
A.5-2
Appendix 5
Table Genealogy
996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
Immigrants
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
7
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
9
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
9
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
13
13
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
14
14
14
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
16
16
16
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
17
17
17
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
18
18
18
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
19
19
19
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
'.0
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
11
21
21
21
21
Refugees
20
, ASYLEES
20
20
20
20
•2
22
23
23
23
24
24
24
23
23
13
23
24
24
24
25
25
25
24
24
14
24
25
25
25
26
26
26
25
25
15
25
26
26
26
27
27
27
26
26
16
26
27
27
27
28
28
28
27
27
1
27
28
28
28
NA
292
3P
30^
30^
18
28
29
29
29
NA
30^
32^
3P
3P
A.5-3
.PPENDIX 5
Table Genealogy
1997
Refugees, Asylees
29. Asylum cases filed with INS Asylum Officers by selected nationality
30. Asylum cases filed with INS Asylum Officers by asylum office and state of residence
31. Refugees and asylees granted permanent resident status by enactment (historical ')
32. Refugees and asylees granted permanent resident status by country of birth (historical ')
33. Refugees and asylees granted permanent resident status by age and sex (historical ')
34. Refugees and asylees granted permanent resident status by country of birth (historical ')
35. Refugees and asylees granted permanent resident status by country of birth and metropolitan statistical area of residence
36. Refugees and asylees granted permanent resident status by state of residence (historical ')
Temporary Admissions
37. Nonimmigrants admitted by class of admission and country of last residence (historical ')
38. Nonimmigrants admitted by class of admission and country of citizenship
39. Nonimmigrants admitted by class of admission (historical ')
40. Nonimmigrants admitted as temporary workers, exchange visitors, and intracompany transferees by country
of citizenship
41. Nonimmigrants admitted by port of entry and country of citizenship
42. Nonimmigrants admitted by age and country of citizenship
43. Nonimmigrants admitted by class of admission and state of intended residence
Naturalizations
44. Petitions for naturalization filed, persons naturalized, and petitions for naturalization denied (historical ')
45. Persons naturalized by general and special naturalization provisions (historical ')
46. Persons naturalized by naturalization provisions and country of former allegiance
47. Persons naturalized by country of former allegiance (historical ')
48. Persons naturalized by sex, marital status, and major occupation (historical ')
49. Persons naturalized by state of residence (historical ')
50. Persons naturalized by country of former allegiance and state of residence
51. Persons naturalized by country of former allegiance and metropoHtan area of residence
52. Persons naturalized by major occupation group and country of former allegiance
53. Persons naturalized in current fiscal year by calendar year of entry and country of birth
54. Persons naturalized by country of former allegiance, age and sex
55. Persons naturalized by age, and sex (historical ')
A.5-4
Appendix
Table Genealogy
996
il
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
Refugees, Asylees
29
29
30
30
30
NA
3P
33 2
32^
32^
30
30
31
31
31
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
31
31
32
32
32
29
33
38
37
37
32
32
33
33
33
30
34
39
38
38
33
33
34
34
34
31
35
3
3
3
34
34
35
35
35
32
36
40
39
39
35
35
37
37
37
34
38
42
41
40
36
36
36
36
36
33
37
41
40
NA
Temporary Admissions
57
37
38
38
38
35
39
43
42
41
}8
38
39
39
39
36
40
44
43
42
39
1
to
39
40
40
40
37
41
45
44
43
40
41
41
41
38
42
46
45
44
n
41
42
42
42
39
43
47
46
45
i2
42
43
43
43
40
44
48
47
46
13
43
44
44
44
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Naturalizations
'•4
44
45
45
45
41
45
49
48
47
■5
45
46
46
46
42
46
50
49
48
•6
46
47
47
47
43
47
51
50
49
7
47
48
48
48
44
48
52
51
50
8
48
49
49
49
45
49
53
52
51
9
49
50
50
50
46
50
54
53
52
50
51
51
51
47
51
55
54
53
1
51
52
52
52
48
52
56
55
54
2
52
53
53
53
49
53
57
56
55
3
53
54
54
54
50
54
58
57
56
4
54
55
55
55
51
55
59
58
57
5
55
56
56
56
52
56
60
59
58
A.5-5
Appendix 5
Table Genealogy
1997
Enforcement
56. Deportable aliens located (historical ')
57. Deportable aliens located by status at entry and region and selected country of nationality
58. Deportable aliens located by Program and Border Patrol Sector (historical ')
59. Principal activities and accompHshments of the Border Patrol (historical ')
60. Principal activities and accomplishments of the INS investigations program (historical ')
61. Aliens expelled (historical ')
62. Aliens expelled by Region and District Office
63. Aliens removed by administrative reason for removal (historical ')
64. Aliens removed by type of removal and selected country of nationality
65. Aliens removed by criminal status and region and selected country of nationality (historical ')
66. Aliens excluded by administrative reason for exclusion (historical ')
67. Aliens deported by administrative reason for removal (historical ')
68. Aliens deported by administrative reason for removal (historical ')
69. Aliens under docket control required to depart by criminal status and region and selected country of nationality
(historical ')
70. Service participation in the control of marijuana, narcotics, and dangerous drug traffic (historical ')
Entries, Litigation, Legal Activity
71. Prosecutions, fines, and imprisonment for immigration and nationality violations (historical ')
72. Convictions for immigration and nationality violations (historical ')
73. Writs of habeas corpus, judicial review of orders of deportation, and declaratory judgements in exclusion and
deportation cases (historical ')
74. Private immigration and nationality bills introduced and laws enacted by Congress (historical ')
A.5-6
PPENDIX 5
Table Genealogy
1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 198?"
Enforcement
58'
59'
59'
59'
55'
59
60
60
60
56
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
73
74
74
74
68
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
58'
59'
59'
59'
55'
7P
72'
72'
72'
66'
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
60
61
61
61
57
65
66
66
66
61
66
67
67
67
61
63
64
64
64
59
72
73
73
73
67
57' 61' 60' 59'
58 62 61 60
NA NA NA NA
70 74 73 72
NA NA NA NA
57' 61' 60' 59'
68' 72' 71' 70'
NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA
NA NA NA NA
59 63 62 61
63 67 66 65
63 67 66 65
61 65 64 63
69 73 72 71
Entries, Litigation, Legal Activity
■74 75 76 76 70 72 76 75 74
75 76 77 77 71 73 77 76 75
76 77 78 78 72 74 78 77 76
11 78 79 79 73 75 79 78 77
Histoncal tables show data for a number of years, which may vary in each edition of the Yearbook. ^ Excludes cases filed with
k/lum Officers; Asylum Offices established for fiscal year 1992. ' Data are shown for asylees only in 1987-88 (34) and 1989 (35)
la are shown for refugees only in 1987-88 (28) and 1989 (29). Data are shown by selected country of birth. ' Deportable aliens
3«ed are referred to as apprehended prior to 1997. ' Formal removals are defined as aliens deported and excluded prior to 1997.
Not available.
<r U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1999-459-543/10726 A. 5-7
BOSTON PUBLIC UBBABY
Illiillli ,
3 9999 06351 970 4
TVNews
OpenLibrary